Subbannayya Kotigadde - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Subbannayya Kotigadde

Current Science, Nov 25, 2005

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, Feb 1, 2018

Objective: It has been well documented that traditional medicinal plants confer considerable anti... more Objective: It has been well documented that traditional medicinal plants confer considerable antimicrobial activity against various microorganisms. Methods: The present study was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the leaves of Syzygium caryophyllatum against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Shigella flexneri, and Vibrio cholerae. The aqueous extract was prepared using cold percolation method, and ethanolic extract was prepared in Soxhlet apparatus using ethyl alcohol. Antimicrobial activity is being determined by time-kill assay and minimum inhibitory concentration. Results: From our study, it is found that all tested organisms were sensitive to both aqueous and ethanolic extract of leaves of S. caryophyllatum. The ethanolic extract showed better antibacterial activity against S. aureus and S. typhi when compare to aqueous extract. The phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, phenols, tannins, and saponins in the ethanolic and aqueous extract of S. caryophyllatum. Conclusion: We hypothesize that these active phytoconstitutents might be responsible for the antimicrobial activity of this plant.

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Aug 1, 2013

Death is beyond one's personal control, generates great concern and anxiety, among human beings. ... more Death is beyond one's personal control, generates great concern and anxiety, among human beings. Studies exploring the association between religious attitudes and death attitudes in adolescents and young adults in postmodern society are scarce. This study examines the relationship between five dimensions of attitude toward death (fear of death, death avoidance, neutral acceptance, approach acceptance, and escape acceptance), death anxiety, life satisfaction and meaning, religiosity and selected personal factors among health care staff and students in three teaching hospitals. A total of 230 adolescents and adults both sexes who were willing participated. Diener et al Satisfaction with Life, Steger et al Meaning of Life Questionnaire; Templer's Death Anxiety Scale, Wong's Death Attitude Profile-R and a religious attitude scale were administered. Findings showed students' search for meaning was higher than faculty. An unusual finding of higher Approach acceptance death attitude in students emerged. Correlation analysis revealed that presence of meaning was related to greater life satisfaction in both groups. It was further related to higher religiosity in both groups and higher neutral acceptance of death and lesser death anxiety in students alone. In both groups search for meaning was positively associated with death anxiety. Faculty's search for meaning was positively associated with negative death attitudes and surprisingly one positive death attitude. Death anxiety was more with faculty's advancing age, and was also more when both groups held negative death attitudes. Religiosity was positively associated with death anxiety in students. Further, religiosity was not only positively associated with positive death attitudes of approach acceptance (both groups) and neutral acceptance (faculty) but also with negative attitude of death avoidance (faculty). Death anxiety was more despite both groups embracing approach acceptance death attitude indicating ambivalent death views.

Tropical parasitology, 2012

Human dirofilariasis due to Dirofilaria repens in the Russian Federation-remarks concerning epide... more Human dirofilariasis due to Dirofilaria repens in the Russian Federation-remarks concerning epidemiology A valuable contribution to the knowledge on Dirofilaria repens dirofilariasis in the Russian Federation was recently published. 1 However, the epidemiological part of the manuscript requires some comments. The authors compared the number of human dirofilariasis cases described up to 2011 in Russia to the number of human D. repens infections described worldwide up to 2000-701 and 782 cases, respectively. 2,3 Such a comparison is confusing. Only 69 of 782 described cases originated from Russia in the review cited by the authors. 3 These data were indirectly confirmed by Russian sources. Between 1915 and 2001, 264 cases of human dirofilariasis were recorded in Russia, however, almost half of those cases (43%) occurred during the last 3 years of the period analyzed (1999-2001). 4 The accuracy in choosing the time frame for comparison is of great importance because at the turn of the 21 st century, a dramatic increase in the number of reported human dirofilariasis cases was recorded in central and eastern Europe, 5-7 including Russia 8. For example, in Ukraine, 1465 new cases were reported between 1997 and 2012. 9 Interestingly, the border between Russia and Ukraine divides the regions with the highest numbers of detected human D. repens infections in both countries. 10 Therefore, in our opinion, in the analysis of the epidemiological situation of dirofilariasis in Russia, it would be important to consider the epidemiological data from Ukraine in order to get a better understanding of the problem. The authors' hypothesis, presented also as a conclusion, was that the trained Russian police and armed forces dogs might serve as epidemiologically important 'amplifiers' of dirofilariasis in the former Soviet Union countries. Unless more of the dogs were exported abroad to Ukraine than sent to the various regions within Russia, the twofold higher number of cases of human dirofilariasis in Ukraine compared to Russia would suggest that factors other than the trained Russian dogs contributed predominantly to the changes in epidemiological situation in the former Soviet Union countries.

Sugarcane juice is a popular refreshing drink in many parts of Karnataka. It is extracted by crus... more Sugarcane juice is a popular refreshing drink in many parts of Karnataka. It is extracted by crushing the sugarcane between roller drums and served with or without added ice. Often sugarcane juice is used as a remedy for jaundice in folk medicine. Hygienic standards are usually not maintained during the transport of sugarcane from field to the point of extraction and preparation of juice. Further, the juice is consumed unpasteurised. Therefore, it is possible that the sugarcane juice may be contaminated and pose health hazards. We report here the bacteriological analysis of sugarcane juice sold in the parlors in Mangalore, Karnataka.

Indian Journal of Microbiology Research, Mar 15, 2017

Aim of the study: To determine the fungi causing otomycosis and the associated bacterial pathogen... more Aim of the study: To determine the fungi causing otomycosis and the associated bacterial pathogens in a rural set up in clinically suspected cases of otomycosis. Methodology: Ear swabs were collected from 100 clinically suspected cases of otomycosis and from 50 persons who were apparently healthy. All the samples were processed by direct microscopy of KOH mount and Gram staining. Cultures were carried out for both fungal and bacterial isolates, which were identified by standard procedures. The data were statistically analysed. Results: Among 150 samples, 51.3% yielded only fungal growth, 23.3% grew bacteria only and 19.3% showed mixed growth of fungi and bacteria. Major fungal isolates were Aspergillus spp. and Candida spp. One sample grew A. sydowii which is an uncommon agent causing otomycosis. Major bacterial isolates were Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas spp. All pathogenic bacteria were sensitive to routinely used antibiotics. Samples taken from healthy persons did not yield any fungal or bacterial pathogens.

Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 2013

Background: Outbreaks and prevalence of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Nosoco... more Background: Outbreaks and prevalence of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Nosocomial Infection (NI) among various populations have been well reported in literature, particularly those from developed countries. There is a paucity of information on carriage of MRSA in developing nations, including the carriage by critical healthcare givers who are potential transmitters. Aim and Objectives: Present study was aimed at establishing the carriage rate of MRSA among healthcare workers in the critical care units of Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Mangalore, and at formulating an MRSA control policy, based on the outcomes. Material and Methods: We screened 200 health care workers in the critical care units of the Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Man galore, India, for MRSA and vancomycin sus ceptibility of the isolates. Swabs taken from both anterior nares were transported, inoculated onto mannitol salt agar (MSA) and incubated aerobically at 37°C for 1824 hours. Gram positive cocci in clusters, with positive catalase, coagulase and DNAse tests, were identified as S.aureus. Further categorization of S.aureus into MRSA was done by using cefoxitin disc diffusion method. Sensitivity to vancomycin was tested by vancomycin disc diffusion and vancomycin agar screen plating. Results: The number of strains of S. aureus which was isolated from our 200 participants was 35, with a rate of 17.5% of the 35 isolates of S. aureus, 5 (14.3%) were MRSA. None of the S. aureus strains were vancomycin resistant. Conclusion: MRSA carriage among healthcare workers who were involved in the management of critically ill patients at Kasturba Medical College hospital, Mangalore, India was 2.5%, which is comfortably low. The existing infection control policy in our hospital seems to be effective and the same should be maintained.

PubMed, 1992

Fungi were isolated from 67 cases out of the 295 cases of corneal ulcers investigated. Aspergillu... more Fungi were isolated from 67 cases out of the 295 cases of corneal ulcers investigated. Aspergillus species and species of Candida were the major fungal members isolated. Allescheria boydii was isolated from 3 cases, having no previous history of injury to the eye or infection with bacterial or viral agents. A boydii corneal infection is a rare occurrence. Higher incidence of mystic keratitis was seen among females than males. No relationship to seasonal changes could be established. Bacterial infection was associated in 46. 27% of the cases of mycotic keratitis and Staphylococcus was the predominant bacterial pathogen observed.

Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium... more Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Objective. To define otomycosis and determine the predisposing factors and microbiology in primary otomycosis. Study Design. Prospective study of two years and review of the literature. Setting. Academic Department of Otolaryngology in a coastal city in India. Patients. 150 immunocompetent individuals of whom 100 consecutive patients with a clinical diagnosis of otomycosis are considered as the study group and 50 consecutive patients with no otomycosis are considered as the control group. Results and Observations. Instillation of coconut oil (42%), use of topical antibiotic eardrops (20%), and compulsive cleaning of external ear with hard objects (32%) appeared to be the main predisposing factors in otomycosis. Aspergilli were the most common isolates (80%) followed by Penicillium (8%), Candida albicans (4%), Rhizopus (1%), and Chrysosporiu...

Klebsiella spp. is ubiquitous in nature. They inhabit the environment and intestinal tract of hum... more Klebsiella spp. is ubiquitous in nature. They inhabit the environment and intestinal tract of humans and animals. Klebsiella spp causes variety of healthcare associated infections including pneumonia, urinary tract infections, blood stream infections, surgical wound infections, peritonitis, septicaemia and meningitis. Klebsiella are highly drug resistant bacilli causing significant morbidity and mortality. Foregoing study aims at isolation of Klebsiella spp. from different clinical specimens and their antibiogram, which would enable formulation of appropriate antimicrobial policy for patients suffering from Klebsiella infection. A total of 1957 various clinical samples at Microbiology diagnostic laboratory of KVG Medical College & Hospital, Sullia were processed. A total of 100 strains of Klebsiella spp. isolated were identified by standard procedures. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and interpreted as per CLSI guidelines. A total of 1...

World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2014

Three serum free media viz, sucrose solution, starch solution and SST broth have been formulated.... more Three serum free media viz, sucrose solution, starch solution and SST broth have been formulated. The objective of the present study was to evaluate these three different serum free media for induction of germ tubes by Candida albicans and to compare their efficacy with the pooled human serum. Out of 50 C. albicans isolates 47 (94%) and 49 (98%) produced germ tubes in pooled human serum and SST broth, respectively. Germ tube production was positive in 40 (80%) and 36 (72%) isolates, respectively in sucrose solution and starch solution. This study reports SST broth as a new stable and less expensive germ tube induction medium, which requires less time for preparation and can be used without any safety concerns. SST broth is found to be more effective than pooled human serum for induction of germ tubes by C. albicans isolates.

Indian journal of ophthalmology

International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)

Klebsiella pneumoniae, an important biofilm forming organism found to be responsible for a wide r... more Klebsiella pneumoniae, an important biofilm forming organism found to be responsible for a wide range of infections especially when they grow as biofilm..Biofilm formation facilitates their survival in a hostile environment of host immune system and antimicrobials .ESBL producing K.pneumoniae isolates had a greater ability to form biofilm than non biofilm producing isolates. As there is hardly any literature found regarding the correlation between biofilm production and drug resistance in respect to ESBL production by the isolates of K.pneumoniae in Dakshina Kannada District, Karnataka, the present study has been conducted. A total of 347 isolates of K.pneumoniae collected between June 2012 and October 2014 were characterized according to standard microbiological procedures. Detection of biofilm was done by tissue culture plate method. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the bio film producing strains was determined by the standard Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method and presumptive ESBL production by double disk synergy test (DDST). Results: Out of a total of 347 clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 167 isolates (48.13%)were found to be biofilm producers .Out of a total of 183 resistant strains of isolates of K.pneumoniae screened, 93(50.81%) were ESBL producers and 70(75.26%) of 93 ESBL producers were biofilm producers. ESBL producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates (75.26%) had an exceptional capacity to form biofilm, in comparison with non ESBL forming K.pneumoniae(24.74%).

Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 2011

Background and Objective: Although Nugent’s criterion is considered as the gold standard, routine... more Background and Objective: Although Nugent’s criterion is considered as the gold standard, routinely a combination of various methods is used for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. In the present study we compared culture, Spiegel’s criteria and Amsel’s criteria with Nugent’s method for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. Materials and Methods: Five hundred and twenty seven women who attended the Government Maternity Hospital and a tertiary care centre in south India for antenatal care or forany other complaint formed the study population. Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis was done by culture, Amsel’s, Nugent’s and Spiegel’s criteria. The positive predictive value, the negative predictive value and the sensitivity and specificity of these methods,in comparison with Nugent’s criteria, by considering it as the gold standard, were calculated. Statistical analysis was done by using the Chi Square test or the Fisher’s exact test as was appropriate. Results: In comparison with Nugent’s...

Malaria caused by Plasmodium species, P.vivax, P.malariae, P.falciparum and P.ovale transmitted b... more Malaria caused by Plasmodium species, P.vivax, P.malariae, P.falciparum and P.ovale transmitted by female Anopheline mosquitoes poses a diagnostic challenge to medical community world wide. Over 90% of Malaria is caused by P.vivax and P.falciparum. Now malaria is mostly confined to tropical and subtropical areas of the world; the warm climate, heavy rain fall and stagnant water provide an ideal environment for mosquitoe breeding in these areas. Malarial paroxysm is the characteristics defining clinical features of the disease including cold stage, hot stage and sweating stage. Other clinical signs and symptoms include, headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, anorexia, tachycardia, hypotension, spenomegaly, and altered consciousness. Malaria due to P. falciparum is more dangerous than the disease caused by other species of Plasmodium because falciparum malaria is a micro vascular disease and associated with fatal complications such as anemia, cerebral malaria, renal fa...

Introduction: Surgical site infections are the third most commonly reported nosocomial infections... more Introduction: Surgical site infections are the third most commonly reported nosocomial infections. They have been responsible for the increasing cost, morbidity and mortality related to surgical operations. Surgical site infection rate has varied from a low of 2.5% to a high of 41.9%. Staphylococcus aureus is frequently isolated from post surgical wound infections, which may serve as nidus for the development of systemic infections. Objectives: The objective of this study was to isolate and identify various gram positive cocci from surgical site infected cases and determine their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Materials and Methods: A total of 53 culture positive isolates of gram positive cocci were obtained from infected surgical sites. All isolates were identified as per standard procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of all isolates was done by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method as per CLSI guidelines. Methicillin resistance in staphylococcus isolates was tested b...

The Journal of communicable diseases, 2005

... Issue Date: 6-Jun-2005. Citation: Kotigadde S, Jose S, Zachariah A, Premanathan P, Bhat KG. A... more ... Issue Date: 6-Jun-2005. Citation: Kotigadde S, Jose S, Zachariah A, Premanathan P, Bhat KG. Antibacterial activity of Bridelia scandens. Journal of Communicable Diseases. 2005 Jun; 37(2): 135-7. Language: eng. Type: Journal Article. ...