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Papers by Subramaniam madheswaran

Bangladesh Development Studies

Journal of Health Management, 2014

In an agrarian economy economic impact of illness acts not only through out of pocket expenditure... more In an agrarian economy economic impact of illness acts not only through out of pocket expenditure, but also through loss of labour time and wages at the individual level. Using the information collected from 676 respondents at selected villages in West Bengal from 2009 to 2010, the present paper examines the impact of health on labour supply behaviour and wages. Theoretically the study borrows the idea of nutrition-based efficiency wage hypothesis and builds a conceptual framework based on capability approach. The methodology follows a household production function model. Nutritional dimension of health as indicated by body mass index (BMI) has been found to have a positive and significant impact on labour supply for both the male and female respondents. Age is found to have significantly non-linear impact on labour supply. Hence, public policies to improve the sex and age composition of the households through appropriate channels, that is, health and fertility may be necessary. Fin...

The Journal of Developing Areas, 2007

Applying a Stochastic Production Frontier to sector-level data within manufacturing sector in Ind... more Applying a Stochastic Production Frontier to sector-level data within manufacturing sector in India, this paper examines Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth during 1979-80 to 1997-98. The analysis focuses on the trend of technical progress (TP) and Technical Efficiency Change (TEC). The stochastic frontier production function approach, applied in this paper, allows us to separate out these two components, and to identify productivity growth due to either improvement in efficiency or progress in technology. The most important difference between the frontier approach and the traditional index number approach to productivity growth analysis lies on assumption: the existence of an unobservable and idealized production possibility frontier with production-unit specific one-sided deviation from the frontier, i.e. explicitly allowing for inefficiency. If a production unit operates beneath the production frontier, then its distance from the maximal measures it's technical inefficiency. Hence, the frontier approach is capable of capturing both efficiency change and technological change as components of productivity change, which introduces an additional dimension to the analysis from the policy perspectives. The empirical result suggests that the total factor productivity growth in a large number of industries have improved during 1997-98 compared to 1980-81. TFP growth is mainly driven by technological progress not by technical efficiency change in case of Indian economy since all TECs are negative. In the light of empirical results, the policy implication is that the priority to boost economic growth should be in the enhancement of productivity based catching-up capability. In this direction, an efficiency oriented action plan aimed to improve productivity efficiency of manufacturing sector is required to be implemented for removing the fiscal and financial constraints faced by the enterprises which are located in industrially backward area.

The main aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of health on labour productivity surrogat... more The main aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of health on labour productivity surrogated by income at the household level. Using data from a nationally representative survey of 73, 868 households conducted from January to June 2004 in India, this paper shows that the burden of income loss due to ailment, which is significantly high in the poorest of the poor in both rural and urban areas, forms a geographic contiguity across the six states of eastern and central India

Abstract: This paper uses Degree Holders and Technical Personnel Survey of India to examine the w... more Abstract: This paper uses Degree Holders and Technical Personnel Survey of India to examine the wage gap between Non-Scheduled Castes/Tribes(NSC) and Scheduled Castes/Tribes(SC/ST). Separate wage equations, corrected for selection bias, are ...

It is increasingly recognized that institutional factors such as trade unions do play a dominant ... more It is increasingly recognized that institutional factors such as trade unions do play a dominant role in determining the levels of wages, standard of working conditions. This is more pronounced in the industrial sector of developing economies. The role of labor organizations in the labor market has been firmly identified especially in relation to wage bargaining with studies focussing mainly on the advanced industrial economies. In the Indian context, there exist a number of studies on the evolution of the structure; functions and aspects of trade unions; but the empirical analysis of the impact of trade union on wages are rather limited. In this backdrop, this paper attempts to analyze the impact of trade union on wages using a survey covering blue collar male workers employed in manufacturing industries in Chennai district of Tamil Nadu, in southern part of India. We have estimated earnings functions for union and non-union workers separately. The earnings functions are corrected ...

Bangladesh Development Studies

Policy makers confronted with the need to introduce health and safty regulations often wonder how... more Policy makers confronted with the need to introduce health and safty regulations often wonder how to value the benifites of these regulations. One way that a monetory value could be placed on reductions in health risks, including risk of death, is through understanding how people are compensated for the different risks they take. This approch reffered to as the compensating wage differentials method, estimates the wage premium a worker would need to be paid to accept a small increase in his/her risk of dying or equivalently what a worker would pay to achieve a small reduction in risk of death. The study is an attempt of obtaining estimates of VSL that reflects Indian risk preference. [SANDEE]

Energy Policy, 2010

Institute for Social and Economic Change (ISEC) is engaged in interdisciplinary research in analy... more Institute for Social and Economic Change (ISEC) is engaged in interdisciplinary research in analytical and applied areas of the social sciences, encompassing diverse aspects of development. ISEC works with central, state and local governments as well as international agencies by ...

Regional and Sectoral …, 2010

This paper aims to explore the labour productivity convergence in manufacturing sector across fif... more This paper aims to explore the labour productivity convergence in manufacturing sector across fifteen major Indian states during 1979-80 to 2000-01, using cross-section analysis. The analysis examines the convergence hypothesis taking both absolute and conditional convergence ...

Economic and political weekly

This paper uses National Sample Survey data to examine the wage gap between higher castes and the... more This paper uses National Sample Survey data to examine the wage gap between higher castes and the scheduled castes/tribes in the regular salaried urban labour market. The main conclusions we draw are (a) discrimination causes 15 per cent lower wages for SC/STs as compared to equally qualified others; (b) SC/ST workers are discriminated against both in the public and private sectors, but the discrimination effect is much larger in the private sector; (c) discrimination accounts for a large part of the gross earnings difference between the two social groups in the regular salaried urban labour market, with occupational discrimination – unequal access to jobs – being considerably more important than wage discrimination – unequal pay in the same job; and (d) the endowment difference is larger than the discrimination component.

The IUP Journal of Industrial …, 2005

This paper primarily focuses on the role of economic growth and inflation in determining the grow... more This paper primarily focuses on the role of economic growth and inflation in determining the growth of labor productivity in the manufacturing sector. The empirical evidence derived from a three variable Vector Autoregression model reveal that both economic growth and inflation play ...

In an agrarian economy economic impact of illness acts not only through out of pocket expenditure... more In an agrarian economy economic impact of illness acts not only through out of pocket expenditure, but also through loss of labour time and wages at the individual level. Using the information collected from 676 respondents at selected villages in West Bengal from 2009 to 2010, the present paper examines the impact of health on labour supply behaviour and wages. Theoretically the study borrows the idea of nutrition-based efficiency wage hypothesis and builds a conceptual framework based on capability approach. The methodology follows a household production function model. Nutritional dimension of health as indicated by body mass index (BMI) has been found to have a positive and significant impact on labour supply for both the male and female respondents. Age is found to have significantly non-linear impact on labour supply. Hence, public policies to improve the sex and age composition of the households through appropriate channels, that is, health and fertility may be necessary. Finally, the results suggest a revision in the design of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) programme by integrating it with other developmental programmes on health, sanitation and skill development in order to ensure productivity of rural manual labourers. Experience of some other countries like South Africa and Brazil suggests the need to integrate public works programmes with programmes that target health and family welfare issues particularly in the context of rural livelihood.

Bangladesh Development Studies

Journal of Health Management, 2014

In an agrarian economy economic impact of illness acts not only through out of pocket expenditure... more In an agrarian economy economic impact of illness acts not only through out of pocket expenditure, but also through loss of labour time and wages at the individual level. Using the information collected from 676 respondents at selected villages in West Bengal from 2009 to 2010, the present paper examines the impact of health on labour supply behaviour and wages. Theoretically the study borrows the idea of nutrition-based efficiency wage hypothesis and builds a conceptual framework based on capability approach. The methodology follows a household production function model. Nutritional dimension of health as indicated by body mass index (BMI) has been found to have a positive and significant impact on labour supply for both the male and female respondents. Age is found to have significantly non-linear impact on labour supply. Hence, public policies to improve the sex and age composition of the households through appropriate channels, that is, health and fertility may be necessary. Fin...

The Journal of Developing Areas, 2007

Applying a Stochastic Production Frontier to sector-level data within manufacturing sector in Ind... more Applying a Stochastic Production Frontier to sector-level data within manufacturing sector in India, this paper examines Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth during 1979-80 to 1997-98. The analysis focuses on the trend of technical progress (TP) and Technical Efficiency Change (TEC). The stochastic frontier production function approach, applied in this paper, allows us to separate out these two components, and to identify productivity growth due to either improvement in efficiency or progress in technology. The most important difference between the frontier approach and the traditional index number approach to productivity growth analysis lies on assumption: the existence of an unobservable and idealized production possibility frontier with production-unit specific one-sided deviation from the frontier, i.e. explicitly allowing for inefficiency. If a production unit operates beneath the production frontier, then its distance from the maximal measures it's technical inefficiency. Hence, the frontier approach is capable of capturing both efficiency change and technological change as components of productivity change, which introduces an additional dimension to the analysis from the policy perspectives. The empirical result suggests that the total factor productivity growth in a large number of industries have improved during 1997-98 compared to 1980-81. TFP growth is mainly driven by technological progress not by technical efficiency change in case of Indian economy since all TECs are negative. In the light of empirical results, the policy implication is that the priority to boost economic growth should be in the enhancement of productivity based catching-up capability. In this direction, an efficiency oriented action plan aimed to improve productivity efficiency of manufacturing sector is required to be implemented for removing the fiscal and financial constraints faced by the enterprises which are located in industrially backward area.

The main aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of health on labour productivity surrogat... more The main aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of health on labour productivity surrogated by income at the household level. Using data from a nationally representative survey of 73, 868 households conducted from January to June 2004 in India, this paper shows that the burden of income loss due to ailment, which is significantly high in the poorest of the poor in both rural and urban areas, forms a geographic contiguity across the six states of eastern and central India

Abstract: This paper uses Degree Holders and Technical Personnel Survey of India to examine the w... more Abstract: This paper uses Degree Holders and Technical Personnel Survey of India to examine the wage gap between Non-Scheduled Castes/Tribes(NSC) and Scheduled Castes/Tribes(SC/ST). Separate wage equations, corrected for selection bias, are ...

It is increasingly recognized that institutional factors such as trade unions do play a dominant ... more It is increasingly recognized that institutional factors such as trade unions do play a dominant role in determining the levels of wages, standard of working conditions. This is more pronounced in the industrial sector of developing economies. The role of labor organizations in the labor market has been firmly identified especially in relation to wage bargaining with studies focussing mainly on the advanced industrial economies. In the Indian context, there exist a number of studies on the evolution of the structure; functions and aspects of trade unions; but the empirical analysis of the impact of trade union on wages are rather limited. In this backdrop, this paper attempts to analyze the impact of trade union on wages using a survey covering blue collar male workers employed in manufacturing industries in Chennai district of Tamil Nadu, in southern part of India. We have estimated earnings functions for union and non-union workers separately. The earnings functions are corrected ...

Bangladesh Development Studies

Policy makers confronted with the need to introduce health and safty regulations often wonder how... more Policy makers confronted with the need to introduce health and safty regulations often wonder how to value the benifites of these regulations. One way that a monetory value could be placed on reductions in health risks, including risk of death, is through understanding how people are compensated for the different risks they take. This approch reffered to as the compensating wage differentials method, estimates the wage premium a worker would need to be paid to accept a small increase in his/her risk of dying or equivalently what a worker would pay to achieve a small reduction in risk of death. The study is an attempt of obtaining estimates of VSL that reflects Indian risk preference. [SANDEE]

Energy Policy, 2010

Institute for Social and Economic Change (ISEC) is engaged in interdisciplinary research in analy... more Institute for Social and Economic Change (ISEC) is engaged in interdisciplinary research in analytical and applied areas of the social sciences, encompassing diverse aspects of development. ISEC works with central, state and local governments as well as international agencies by ...

Regional and Sectoral …, 2010

This paper aims to explore the labour productivity convergence in manufacturing sector across fif... more This paper aims to explore the labour productivity convergence in manufacturing sector across fifteen major Indian states during 1979-80 to 2000-01, using cross-section analysis. The analysis examines the convergence hypothesis taking both absolute and conditional convergence ...

Economic and political weekly

This paper uses National Sample Survey data to examine the wage gap between higher castes and the... more This paper uses National Sample Survey data to examine the wage gap between higher castes and the scheduled castes/tribes in the regular salaried urban labour market. The main conclusions we draw are (a) discrimination causes 15 per cent lower wages for SC/STs as compared to equally qualified others; (b) SC/ST workers are discriminated against both in the public and private sectors, but the discrimination effect is much larger in the private sector; (c) discrimination accounts for a large part of the gross earnings difference between the two social groups in the regular salaried urban labour market, with occupational discrimination – unequal access to jobs – being considerably more important than wage discrimination – unequal pay in the same job; and (d) the endowment difference is larger than the discrimination component.

The IUP Journal of Industrial …, 2005

This paper primarily focuses on the role of economic growth and inflation in determining the grow... more This paper primarily focuses on the role of economic growth and inflation in determining the growth of labor productivity in the manufacturing sector. The empirical evidence derived from a three variable Vector Autoregression model reveal that both economic growth and inflation play ...

In an agrarian economy economic impact of illness acts not only through out of pocket expenditure... more In an agrarian economy economic impact of illness acts not only through out of pocket expenditure, but also through loss of labour time and wages at the individual level. Using the information collected from 676 respondents at selected villages in West Bengal from 2009 to 2010, the present paper examines the impact of health on labour supply behaviour and wages. Theoretically the study borrows the idea of nutrition-based efficiency wage hypothesis and builds a conceptual framework based on capability approach. The methodology follows a household production function model. Nutritional dimension of health as indicated by body mass index (BMI) has been found to have a positive and significant impact on labour supply for both the male and female respondents. Age is found to have significantly non-linear impact on labour supply. Hence, public policies to improve the sex and age composition of the households through appropriate channels, that is, health and fertility may be necessary. Finally, the results suggest a revision in the design of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) programme by integrating it with other developmental programmes on health, sanitation and skill development in order to ensure productivity of rural manual labourers. Experience of some other countries like South Africa and Brazil suggests the need to integrate public works programmes with programmes that target health and family welfare issues particularly in the context of rural livelihood.