Suzanne M Redalia-Sullivan - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Uploads

Papers by Suzanne M Redalia-Sullivan

Quora, 2022

Abstract: The oldest Hindu scripture, the Rig Veda, inveighs in the harshest of terms against a m... more Abstract: The oldest Hindu scripture, the Rig Veda, inveighs in the harshest of terms against a merchant group called the Pani. Some scholars have identified the Pani with Punic or Phoenician traders. In this article I investigate the Indus seals which have Phoenician names or symbols, to display the information for students and scholars.

A new attempt to decipher Rongorongo Text C, also known as the Mamari Tablet.

In 1993 a wooden tablet was discovered by archeologist George Hourmouziadis in a Neolithic artifi... more In 1993 a wooden tablet was discovered by archeologist George Hourmouziadis in a Neolithic artificial island site on Lake Kastoria in Western Macedonia, Greece. The tablet had signs engraved on it, some of which Professor Hourmouziadis recognized as Linear B, the oldest known writing system used for the Greek language. However, the wooden tablet was carbon-dated to approximately 5202 BC, which made it far older than any previous known examples of Linear B writing. In this analysis I will attempt to identify the Linear B signs on the Dispilio tablet, and deduce the phonic values of the other signs, in order to identify the language of the inscription and its meaning. The Dispilio text appears to be the oldest example of Byblos script, but lacking the Egyptian glyphs of later, Bronze Age texts..

Quora, 2013

The undeciphered Rongorongo tablets of Rapa Nui (Easter Island) may yield their unknown stories i... more The undeciphered Rongorongo tablets of Rapa Nui (Easter Island) may yield their unknown stories if subjected to the long-used decipherment method of assigning phonic values based on the first or second (acrosyllabic) syllable of the words depicted by the pictorial signs. Methodology: For instance, one first identifies a sign, such as an image of a flower, and assigns the the sign a tentative value, such as PU? from pua, 'a flower in general,' (per Stimson's Tuamotuan dialects dictionary). The question mark is removed once the phonic value proves valid, as the text resolves into coherent words and phrases in a known language, with decipherment continuing.

Drafts by Suzanne M Redalia-Sullivan

On the importance of a helpful dog, the early uses of explosives, pirates, Pani, and the lethal e... more On the importance of a helpful dog, the early uses of explosives, pirates, Pani, and the lethal encounters between Achaean Greek forces and the vast Indian army at Ilium, northwest Anatolia, circa 1180 BC. This is a winding and digressive tale, both beginning and ending surprised me, but it would please me no end if it did not give much offense. In the beginning, there was a rushing river. Rig Veda. Book 10, Hymn 108, proceeds;

On the importance of a helpful dog, the early uses of explosives, pirates, Pani, and the lethal e... more On the importance of a helpful dog, the early uses of explosives, pirates, Pani, and the lethal encounters between Achaean Greek forces and the vast Indian army at Ilium, northwest Anatolia, circa 1180 BC. This is a winding and digressive tale, both beginning and ending surprised me, but it would please me no end if it did not give much offense. In the beginning, there was a rushing river. Rig Veda. Book 10, Hymn 108, proceeds;

Indus seals, common artifacts of the Indus Valley Civilization of Bronze Age northwest India, oft... more Indus seals, common artifacts of the Indus Valley Civilization of Bronze Age northwest India, often have a line of Indus script at the top of the seal, and a large animal pictorial below the writing. (Some seals have the pictorial on the back of the seal, instead.) This article displays the different types of animal pictorials on Indus seals, with commentary as to their possible significance. The most common type of pictorial on Indus seals is the unicorn bull, a male bovine animal shown in profile, usually facing right, which has a long horn projecting from its forehead. There is usually a standard or brazier standing in front of the unicorn bull. Many such ceramic seals were mass produced and then allowed to dry to a leather-like consistency, when they were incised with names, fired and then distributed.

Although Egyptian and Greek versions of the human-headed, lion-bodied sphinx are well known in th... more Although Egyptian and Greek versions of the human-headed, lion-bodied sphinx are well known in the ancient art of the west, the Indian version of the sphinx is not as well-known. In this article I will compare and contrast the kinds of sphinxes and show images and commentary that indicate that the Indian sphinx may be the oldest version. All of the six Indus seal sphinx images above are from the Indus Valley site of Mohenjo-Daro, in what is now Pakistan. They probably date from between 2600 BC to 2000 BC, (the Bronze Age.) In each seal the pictorial sphinx is seen in profile, facing right, with Zebu horns on the head, a long pharaonic plaited beard on the chin, feet that vary from bull hooves to bird feet, and in the examples of seals M-300, M-301, and M-1177, there is a long upraised scorpion tail visible on the sphinx's rear end, as if it were carrying venom for striking at a foe. Each IVC sphinx has a set of mane braids, a mane or necklaces, usually three or four. The moon-faced visages are serene, the bullish bodies plump, all are male. Unlike Greek sphinxes, none of the Indian ones are winged. A later version of the Indian sphinx is from a south Indian Vishnu temple (below, right), it lacks the beard and scorpion tail, and has much shorter legs. The necklace has 2 strands.

Indus script is a Bronze Age south Asian writing system. In this article I present the Indus sign... more Indus script is a Bronze Age south Asian writing system. In this article I present the Indus sign list with sound values published in my 2011 book Indus Script Dictionary, along with images of various Indus seals which show or mention Hindu deities.

There are more than two dozen Rongorongo texts, all from Rapa Nui (Easter Island) in eastern Poly... more There are more than two dozen Rongorongo texts, all from Rapa Nui (Easter Island) in eastern Polynesia. In 2013 I devised a Rongorongo sign list with sound values derived from the first syllable of the Rapa Nui word for the thing depicted by the sign. Recently I corrected and expanded the list, which is here below. RONGORONGO SIGN LIST c. 2014 revised 12/18/20 a1 a2 a3 aka an ana anga ao aohoe aoka ariki atu ature au e ea eoeo fa ha hatu he henua hi hiu hiva ho hoe hotu hu i ia ka kai ke kere ki ko koe kore koro ku ma maanga mai mo na1 na2 nene nga nge ngo ni no nui o pa po1 po2 pu puro ra rake re rei ro1 ro2 rohi rore ru rua ruru ta1 ta2 tahi tapu tara te tere ti to tu ua ura ure va1 va2 varu By using Rongorongo texts from Wikipedia, which have been edited to change the word order from reverse boustrophedon (starting at the bottom of the tablet and reversing direction with each line) to English word order, I have been able to partially decipher a few Rongorongo texts. The deciphered text of Keiti follows…

A new improved sign list and better translations are the features of this second attempt to decip... more A new improved sign list and better translations are the features of this second attempt to decipher and translate the Mamari Rongorongo tablet, (Rongorongo Text C). The text appears to describe efforts to treat and prevent outbreaks of Dermatobiasis in pre-contact Rapa Nui (Easter Island).

Quora, 2022

Abstract: The oldest Hindu scripture, the Rig Veda, inveighs in the harshest of terms against a m... more Abstract: The oldest Hindu scripture, the Rig Veda, inveighs in the harshest of terms against a merchant group called the Pani. Some scholars have identified the Pani with Punic or Phoenician traders. In this article I investigate the Indus seals which have Phoenician names or symbols, to display the information for students and scholars.

A new attempt to decipher Rongorongo Text C, also known as the Mamari Tablet.

In 1993 a wooden tablet was discovered by archeologist George Hourmouziadis in a Neolithic artifi... more In 1993 a wooden tablet was discovered by archeologist George Hourmouziadis in a Neolithic artificial island site on Lake Kastoria in Western Macedonia, Greece. The tablet had signs engraved on it, some of which Professor Hourmouziadis recognized as Linear B, the oldest known writing system used for the Greek language. However, the wooden tablet was carbon-dated to approximately 5202 BC, which made it far older than any previous known examples of Linear B writing. In this analysis I will attempt to identify the Linear B signs on the Dispilio tablet, and deduce the phonic values of the other signs, in order to identify the language of the inscription and its meaning. The Dispilio text appears to be the oldest example of Byblos script, but lacking the Egyptian glyphs of later, Bronze Age texts..

Quora, 2013

The undeciphered Rongorongo tablets of Rapa Nui (Easter Island) may yield their unknown stories i... more The undeciphered Rongorongo tablets of Rapa Nui (Easter Island) may yield their unknown stories if subjected to the long-used decipherment method of assigning phonic values based on the first or second (acrosyllabic) syllable of the words depicted by the pictorial signs. Methodology: For instance, one first identifies a sign, such as an image of a flower, and assigns the the sign a tentative value, such as PU? from pua, 'a flower in general,' (per Stimson's Tuamotuan dialects dictionary). The question mark is removed once the phonic value proves valid, as the text resolves into coherent words and phrases in a known language, with decipherment continuing.

On the importance of a helpful dog, the early uses of explosives, pirates, Pani, and the lethal e... more On the importance of a helpful dog, the early uses of explosives, pirates, Pani, and the lethal encounters between Achaean Greek forces and the vast Indian army at Ilium, northwest Anatolia, circa 1180 BC. This is a winding and digressive tale, both beginning and ending surprised me, but it would please me no end if it did not give much offense. In the beginning, there was a rushing river. Rig Veda. Book 10, Hymn 108, proceeds;

On the importance of a helpful dog, the early uses of explosives, pirates, Pani, and the lethal e... more On the importance of a helpful dog, the early uses of explosives, pirates, Pani, and the lethal encounters between Achaean Greek forces and the vast Indian army at Ilium, northwest Anatolia, circa 1180 BC. This is a winding and digressive tale, both beginning and ending surprised me, but it would please me no end if it did not give much offense. In the beginning, there was a rushing river. Rig Veda. Book 10, Hymn 108, proceeds;

Indus seals, common artifacts of the Indus Valley Civilization of Bronze Age northwest India, oft... more Indus seals, common artifacts of the Indus Valley Civilization of Bronze Age northwest India, often have a line of Indus script at the top of the seal, and a large animal pictorial below the writing. (Some seals have the pictorial on the back of the seal, instead.) This article displays the different types of animal pictorials on Indus seals, with commentary as to their possible significance. The most common type of pictorial on Indus seals is the unicorn bull, a male bovine animal shown in profile, usually facing right, which has a long horn projecting from its forehead. There is usually a standard or brazier standing in front of the unicorn bull. Many such ceramic seals were mass produced and then allowed to dry to a leather-like consistency, when they were incised with names, fired and then distributed.

Although Egyptian and Greek versions of the human-headed, lion-bodied sphinx are well known in th... more Although Egyptian and Greek versions of the human-headed, lion-bodied sphinx are well known in the ancient art of the west, the Indian version of the sphinx is not as well-known. In this article I will compare and contrast the kinds of sphinxes and show images and commentary that indicate that the Indian sphinx may be the oldest version. All of the six Indus seal sphinx images above are from the Indus Valley site of Mohenjo-Daro, in what is now Pakistan. They probably date from between 2600 BC to 2000 BC, (the Bronze Age.) In each seal the pictorial sphinx is seen in profile, facing right, with Zebu horns on the head, a long pharaonic plaited beard on the chin, feet that vary from bull hooves to bird feet, and in the examples of seals M-300, M-301, and M-1177, there is a long upraised scorpion tail visible on the sphinx's rear end, as if it were carrying venom for striking at a foe. Each IVC sphinx has a set of mane braids, a mane or necklaces, usually three or four. The moon-faced visages are serene, the bullish bodies plump, all are male. Unlike Greek sphinxes, none of the Indian ones are winged. A later version of the Indian sphinx is from a south Indian Vishnu temple (below, right), it lacks the beard and scorpion tail, and has much shorter legs. The necklace has 2 strands.

Indus script is a Bronze Age south Asian writing system. In this article I present the Indus sign... more Indus script is a Bronze Age south Asian writing system. In this article I present the Indus sign list with sound values published in my 2011 book Indus Script Dictionary, along with images of various Indus seals which show or mention Hindu deities.

There are more than two dozen Rongorongo texts, all from Rapa Nui (Easter Island) in eastern Poly... more There are more than two dozen Rongorongo texts, all from Rapa Nui (Easter Island) in eastern Polynesia. In 2013 I devised a Rongorongo sign list with sound values derived from the first syllable of the Rapa Nui word for the thing depicted by the sign. Recently I corrected and expanded the list, which is here below. RONGORONGO SIGN LIST c. 2014 revised 12/18/20 a1 a2 a3 aka an ana anga ao aohoe aoka ariki atu ature au e ea eoeo fa ha hatu he henua hi hiu hiva ho hoe hotu hu i ia ka kai ke kere ki ko koe kore koro ku ma maanga mai mo na1 na2 nene nga nge ngo ni no nui o pa po1 po2 pu puro ra rake re rei ro1 ro2 rohi rore ru rua ruru ta1 ta2 tahi tapu tara te tere ti to tu ua ura ure va1 va2 varu By using Rongorongo texts from Wikipedia, which have been edited to change the word order from reverse boustrophedon (starting at the bottom of the tablet and reversing direction with each line) to English word order, I have been able to partially decipher a few Rongorongo texts. The deciphered text of Keiti follows…

A new improved sign list and better translations are the features of this second attempt to decip... more A new improved sign list and better translations are the features of this second attempt to decipher and translate the Mamari Rongorongo tablet, (Rongorongo Text C). The text appears to describe efforts to treat and prevent outbreaks of Dermatobiasis in pre-contact Rapa Nui (Easter Island).