Sugitha Adnyana - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Sugitha Adnyana

Research paper thumbnail of Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi status imunisasi pada anak dengan infeksi human immunodeficiency virus

Medicina, 2016

Imunisasi merupakan salah satu intervensi kesehatan masyarakat yang secara langsung mengurangi pe... more Imunisasi merupakan salah satu intervensi kesehatan masyarakat yang secara langsung mengurangi pembiayaan kesehatan. Anak dengan infeksi human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) merupakan populasi yang rentan terhadap penyakit yang dapat dicegah melalui imunisasi sehingga imunisasi sangat direkomendasikan. Kelengkapan status imunisasi pada anak dapat dipengaruhi oleh pendidikan ibu, usia ibu, berat badan lahir, penyakit yang diderita, dan persepsi orangtua. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui status imunisasi dasar pada anak dengan infeksi HIV dan faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong-lintang. Data didapat dari rekam medis. Analisis data menggunakan metode bivariat dan multivariat dengan tingkat kemaknaan P<0,05. Dari analisis multivariat didapatkan bahwa usia saat diagnosis kurang dari 12 bulan berhubungan dengan status imunisasi pada anak dengan infeksi HIV [RP=0,07 (IK95% 0,02 sampai 0,25), P<0,0001)]. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah usia pasien saat didiagnosis dengan infeksi HIV kurang dari 12 bulan merupakan salah satu faktor risiko untuk tidak mendapatkan imunisasi secara lengkap.

Research paper thumbnail of Case of Seckel Syndrome in a 9-month-old Girl

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences

INTRODUCTION: Seckel syndrome is a rare case. It belongs to an autosomal recessive disorder. It c... more INTRODUCTION: Seckel syndrome is a rare case. It belongs to an autosomal recessive disorder. It commonly leads to osteodysplastic, microcephaly, and dwarfism, which are proportional to prenatal onset. Microcephaly, bird-headed-like appearance, and mental retardation are common dysmorphic in the future. This case report present a patient with Seckel syndrome and this case will be discussed comprehensively. CASE REPORT: A patient 9-month-old girl came to the hospital with a chief complaint of growth disturbance. Her growth was not the same as her peer. She was stunted and failed to thrive. Microcephaly and a dysmorphic face (bird-headed) appeared with a broad face, prominent forehead, large eyes, prominent curved nose, and micrognathia were found in physical examination. Her organ was in normal condition. According to the radiology examination, the bone age was appropriate for the age of a newborn (<3 months). Patient had global developmental delay. Based on clinical manifestation ...

Research paper thumbnail of Quality of life of pediatric patients experiencing organic depressive disorder with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

International journal of health & medical sciences, Oct 31, 2022

Depression is a fundamental disorder characterized by mood swings of feelings or affects towards ... more Depression is a fundamental disorder characterized by mood swings of feelings or affects towards depression with or without accompanying anxiety? Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is a chronic inflammatory condition in children. JIA is defined as the presence of objective signs of arthritis in at least one joint that lasts more than six weeks in children less than 16 years of age, and other types of arthritis in children have been removed. Children with JIA may also often experience depressive episodes and other psychosocial disorders during the disease. Affective disorders in childhood can predict the recurrence of depressive episodes. In the case report, a 7year-old was consulted because he looked sad. The sadness has been felt for two months and has worsened since two weeks ago, originally due to JIA Patients can usually carry out daily activities as usual. Nowadays, the patient has no desire and gets tired quickly, especially when doing ordinary activities; difficulty feeling joy, feeling guilty, worrying that the pain will not heal, despairing of not wanting to go to school, and being unable to follow lessons because of weakness, unable to walk, unable to write because of pain and swelling in his hands. Patients receive oral therapy of 10 mg of Fluoxetine every 24 hours, supportive psychotherapy, and family psychoeducation. The overall quality of life was worse in JIA Patients with higher depression scores.

Research paper thumbnail of Erocive gastritis with bipolar affective disorder current episode severe depression with psychotic symptoms with history of sexual violence in adolescent

International journal of health & medical sciences

Depression is a mental health disorder characterized by feelings of sadness, unhappiness, hopeles... more Depression is a mental health disorder characterized by feelings of sadness, unhappiness, hopelessness, and even guilt. Erosive gastritis is an erosion of the gastric mucosa caused by damage to the mucosal barrier that is superficial but does not penetrate the muscularis mucosal layer. The patient is a 17 year old girl. Experiencing sad behavior changes, lack of interest, loss of joy, and suicide attempts. In addition, the patient was vomiting blood, and was examined by a pediatric gastroenterohepatologist. The supporting examination that was carried out, namely endoscopy, showed that the patient had erosive gastritis. The patient was consulted to the psychiatry department because there was a history of psychiatric treatment due to a history of depression. The treatment provided includes psychoeducation, administration of antipsychotic drugs quetiapine and valproic acid, as well as drugs for erosive gastritis including Sucralfate and Omeprazole. Episodes of major depression with psy...

Research paper thumbnail of Phototherapy and serum calcium levels in full term neonates with hyperbilirubinemia

Paediatrica Indonesiana

Background Hyperbilirubinemia is one of the most common problems in newborns. Severe hyperbilirub... more Background Hyperbilirubinemia is one of the most common problems in newborns. Severe hyperbilirubinemia, known as kernicterus, can suppress O2 consumption and oxidative phosphorylation, as well as damage brain cells, resulting in neuronal dysfunction and encephalopathy. Phototherapy is a common therapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, but may rarely lead to the adverse effect of hypocalcemia. Objective To investigate serum calcium levels in full term neonates with hyperbilirubinemia, before and after phototherapy. Methods This cohort study compared total serum calcium level before and after phototherapy in full term neonates with hyperbilirubinemia. Subjects were full term neonates aged 2-14 days with high total serum bilirubin levels, according to the Bhutani curve, and were treated with phototherapy at Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. Paired T-test was used to compare serum calcium levels before and after phototherapy. Results There were 35 subjects in this study. Pair...

Research paper thumbnail of Psychiatric assistance in the hospitalization of adolescents with chronic diseases

International Journal of Health Sciences (IJHS), Mar 31, 2022

Hospitalization is an unpleasant experience for all patients, likewise for adolescent patients. T... more Hospitalization is an unpleasant experience for all patients, likewise for adolescent patients. The most common stressors experienced by adolescents undergoing hospitalization include loss of freedom, control, and privacy; fear of injury to the body or changes in self-image; fear of disability, pain, and death; as well as separation with peers, home, and school. The stressor can trigger mental and behavioral disorders, so it can ultimately affect the therapy process and outcome. The role of psychiatrists in adolescent hospitalization is to assist, detect mental disorders that may occur, and provide appropriate procedures to overcome the disorder and prevent worsening of symptoms. This case report describes a 17-year-old 2672 teenage girl patient who was consulted to the psychiatry department because she looked sad. Patient experienced long periods of hospitalization, including having been cared in isolation and intensive care room, and had invasive procedures as well. The patient was diagnosed with a Major Depressive Episode without Psychotic Symptoms. Pharmacological therapy with 0.5 mg Risperidone tablet every 24 h orally (evening), while the non-pharmacological therapy given was supportive psychotherapy and psychoeducation to the parent.

Research paper thumbnail of Hiperaktifitas (GPPH) Terhadap Status Gizi Anak DI Klinik Tumbuh Kembang Rsup Sanglah Denpasar

ABSTRAK Gangguan Pemusatan Perhatian dan Hiperaktivitas (GPPH) terdiri atas pola yang menunjukkan... more ABSTRAK Gangguan Pemusatan Perhatian dan Hiperaktivitas (GPPH) terdiri atas pola yang menunjukkan tidak adanya atensi persisten dan/atau perilaku yang impulsif serta hiperaktif, yang bersifat lebih berat dari yang seharusnya terjadi pada usia perkembangannya. Anak dengan GPPH memiliki aktivitas fisik lebih banyak dibanding anak tanpa GPPH yang berpengaruh pada status gizinya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan gangguan pemusatan perhatian/ hiperaktifitas (GPPH) terhadap status gizi pada anak di Klinik Tumbuh Kembang RSUP Sanglah. Metode penelitian ini analitik cross-sectional, diambil dari data register anak dengan GPPH di Poliklinik Tumbuh Kembang RSUP Sanglah periode 1 Januari 2014-31 Agustus 2016. Hasil dari 120 sampel yang terdiri dari 48 sampel anak dengan diagnosis GPPH dan 72 sampel anak dengan diagnosis non-GPPH. Hubungan status gizi normal dan tidak normal terhadap GPPH berbeda bermakna (PR:0,5, IK 95% : 0,26;0,97, p=0,028), status gizi kurus dan normal ...

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of Sleep Disorders in Adolescents and its Relation with Screen Time during the COVID-19 Pandemic Era

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2021

BACKGROUND: Sleep disorders encompass disturbances in the amount, quality, or timing of sleep. Se... more BACKGROUND: Sleep disorders encompass disturbances in the amount, quality, or timing of sleep. Several factors have contributed to sleep disorders in adolescents, including the use of electronic devices. In the COVID-19 pandemic era, there is a rising trend of screen time. AIM: The objective of the study was to identify the prevalence of sleep disorders in adolescents and its relation with screen time during the COVID-19 pandemic era. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study involving students aged 15–18 years at three State High School, Denpasar, and Santo Yoseph Senior High School, Denpasar, in August 2020, using purposive sampling method. Data collections on characteristics of the subjects and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were performed using Google Forms. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square test. RESULTS: A total of 243 students participated in this study, of which 39 students were excluded due to chronic diseases and consumption of caffeine within 6 h b...

Research paper thumbnail of The Association Between Nutritional Status and Risk of Developmental Disorder in Children in Denpasar Bali Indonesia

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2021

BACKGROUND: Preschool age is an important period for growth and development. Malnutrition that oc... more BACKGROUND: Preschool age is an important period for growth and development. Malnutrition that occurs during this period can have negative impacts on growth, cognitive development, and academic performance in children. AIM: The objective of the study is to know the association between nutritional status and the risk of developmental disorder in preschool children in Denpasar. METHODS: An observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design and cluster sampling method was conducted on children under 5 years old who attended Early Childhood Education in Denpasar Bali in 2019. RESULTS: From 468 samples, the median age was 5 years old (range, 1–5), the majority of children were well-nourished (52.6%), and caretaken by parents (82.9%). Child development was prescreened using an Indonesian child development pre-screening questionnaire/Kuesioner Pra Skrining Perkembangan (KPSP) that had 75% sensitivity, 99.16% specificity, 85.71% positive predictive value,and 98.33% negative predicti...

Research paper thumbnail of Korelasi Positif Kegiatan Ekstrakurikuler dengan Tingkat Stres pada Anak Sekolah Dasar

Sari Pediatri, 2018

Latar belakang. Kompetisi antar orangtua merupakan salah satu penyebab munculnya sindrom hurried ... more Latar belakang. Kompetisi antar orangtua merupakan salah satu penyebab munculnya sindrom hurried child, yaitu fenomena percepatan perkembangan anak. Anak diberi berbagai kegiatan ekstrakurikuler setiap minggu yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan anak. Hubungan orangtua dan anak yang tidak sehat cenderung membuat anak merasa tertekan ketika menjalankan kegiatan akademik mereka. Kesenjangan antara tuntutan dari orangtua dan kemampuan diri anak akan menimbulkan kondisi stres di bidang akademik pada anak.Tujuan. Mencari besar korelasi antara kegiatan ekstrakurikuler dengan tingkat stres pada anak sekolah dasar.Metode. Digunakan rancangan penelitianobservasional analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Penentuan lokasi dan subjek penelitian digunakan metode purposive sehingga terpilih Sekolah Dasar Swasta C Denpasar. Hasil. Berdasarkan analisis korelasi dengan uji korelasi Pearson, didapatkan kegiatan ekstrakurikuler memiliki korelasi positif lemah dengan tingkat stres (r=0,309). Se...

Research paper thumbnail of Quality of Life of Children with HIV Infection

Background Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is an increasing major chronic condition ... more Background Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is an increasing major chronic condition in Indonesia. Children with HIV infection are at risk for low self-esteem, as well as for emotional, behavioral, and social functioning problem. This condition may affect children quality of life (QoL). Objective To explore QoL of children with HIV infection and its related factors. Methods An analytic descriptive study was carried out in outpatient allergy-immunology clinic of Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Indonesia University, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital during July 2012-July 2013. Subjects were children with HIV aged 2-18 years old and their caregivers. The QoL was assessed by Indonesian Version of PedsQLTM 4.0. Results A hundred children with HIV infection and their caregivers participated in this study. The subject consisted of boys and girls in equal numbers, predominantly 2-4 year old group (40%). The primary caregivers were mostly biological parents (49%). ...

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalens Gangguan Tidur Pada Anak Obesitas

e-Jurnal Medika Udayana, 2017

Kejadian obesitas dinyatakan meningkat dua kali pada anak dan empat kali pada remaja dalam tiga p... more Kejadian obesitas dinyatakan meningkat dua kali pada anak dan empat kali pada remaja dalam tiga puluh tahun terakhir. Obesitas dapat menimbulkan munculnya populasi berisiko baru yaitu gangguan tidur. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui prevalens dan jenis gangguan tidur pada anak obesitas. Gangguan tidur ditentukan dengan menggunakan kuisioner Sleep Disorder Scale for Children (SDSC). Penelitian adalah studi potong lintang. Sampel terdiri dari 30 anak usia 7-12 tahun yang telah didiagnosis obesitas. Penelitian dilakukan melalui kunjungan rumah. Pengisian kuisioner SDSC oleh orang tua dilakukan untuk menilai gangguan tidur pada anak. Prevalens gangguan tidur pada anak obesitas didapatkan sebesar 66,7%. Jenis gangguan tidur yang paling banyak adalah gangguan pernapasan saat tidur (55%). Subjek dengan gangguan tidur lebih banyak berjenis kelamin perempuan (60%) dan berada dalam kelompok usia 12 tahun (55%). Pada subjek dengan gangguan tidur, didapatkan angka yang lebih tinggi un...

Research paper thumbnail of Masalah Adiksi Game Online pada Anak

Game online adalah game berbasis elektronik dan visual yang menggunakan jaringan internet, yang d... more Game online adalah game berbasis elektronik dan visual yang menggunakan jaringan internet, yang dapat dimainkan oleh beberapa pemain di lokasi berbeda. Game ini tidak asing lagi di kehidupan masyarakat, dapat dijumpai di rumah, warung internet, konsol, dan gadget. Maraknya game online dapat menyebabkan adiksi pada anak. Adiksi game online dapat menimbulkan kerugian signifikan, yaitu timbulnya sikap dan perilaku kompulsif, agresif, dan acuh pada kegiatan lain. Juga munculnya gejala seperti rasa tak tenang atau gelisah jika hasrat bermain tidak segera terpenuhi. Peran orangtua dalam terapi anak dengan adiksi game online sangat penting. Orangtua wajib membangun komunikasi yang hangat dan terbuka dengan anak; melarang terlalu keras dapat menyebabkan anak melawan dan akan berperilaku makin menyimpang.

Research paper thumbnail of Association of Comorbid with Developmental Quotient in Down Syndrome Children

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2021

BACKGROUND: Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic disorder in children. Children with DS ... more BACKGROUND: Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic disorder in children. Children with DS tend to have various comorbid due to developmental abnormalities of chromosome 21, such as congenital heart defects, hearing loss, otitis media, eye disorders, obstructive sleep apnea, thyroid hormone disorders, gastrointestinal atresia, hip joint dislocation, leukemia, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Moreover, they also show cognitive impairments in concentration, communication, memory, and the ability to carry out tasks. Caput Scale/Clinical Adaptive Test/Clinical Linguistic and Auditory Milestone Scale (CAT-CLAMS) is one of the developmental assessment instruments to screen for cognitive disorders. AIM: Hereby, we aimed to find the association of comorbid with developmental quotient in DS children. Data were obtained from medical record with sample age 0–18 years and suffering from DS. METHODS: This was observational analytic study with cross-sectional approach, conducted in DS children a...

Research paper thumbnail of The Differences in Transaminase Enzyme Levels among Children with Acute Diarrhea due to Rotavirus and Non-rotavirus

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2021

BACKGROUND: Diarrhea is the particular disease that still affects children in Indonesia, with rot... more BACKGROUND: Diarrhea is the particular disease that still affects children in Indonesia, with rotavirus being the most common etiology among children under 5 years old. Rotavirus and non-rotavirus diarrhea can spread to the extraintestinal and localized to the liver which causes liver cell damage, thus, the level of the glutamic oxaloacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminase enzymes increases. AIM: The objective of the study was to prove that there are differences in serum levels of glutamic oxaloacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminase in children with acute diarrhea due to rotavirus and non-rotavirus infection. METHODS: This study used a cross-sectional design, the research subjects were children aged 6 months old until 60 months old with acute diarrhea in Denpasar Public Health Center, Sanglah, and Wangaya General Hospital within the period of March 2018 until March 2021. Statistical analysis used the Mann–Whitney. RESULTS: A total of 70 subjects were analyzed in this study. There...

Research paper thumbnail of The Quality of Life in Children with Hemophilia in Bali

American Journal of Pediatrics, 2020

Hemophilia in children adversely affects both their psychological as well as their physical healt... more Hemophilia in children adversely affects both their psychological as well as their physical health. It is important to understand more about the quality of life (QoL) in this patient population. The aim of this study was to assess health-related QoL of children with hemophilia in Bali. A cross sectional study was carried out on children with hemophilia in Bali. Data on the quality of life was collected through questionnaires using PedsQL Generic Core Scales version 4.0 inventory. Independent t test was used to analysis data. Child reports showed mean score on each domain function (physical, emotional, social and school function) in hemophilia group compared to healthy children group were 71.8 vs 97.9, 81.4 vs 94.5, 85.0 vs 97.5, and 73.1 vs 94.5, respectively. Parent-proxy reports showed mean scores on each domain function (physical, emotional, social, and school function) in hemophilia group compared to healthy children group were 73.3 vs 97.3, 79.5 vs 94.5, 80.2 vs 97.5, and 67.4 vs 89.8, respectively. Total PedsQL score in hemophilic children and healthy group showed a significant difference in both reports (child report; p<0.05, with the mean difference was-18.7 with 95% CI of-25.9 to-13.6 and parent-proxy report; p<0.05 the mean difference was-19.8 with 95% CI of-25.9 to-13.5). Hemophilia has a negative impact on the children's daily life. Hemophilia group reported poor quality of life as regards the physical, emotional, social, school functioning domains, and total quality of life than healthy children group.

Research paper thumbnail of Correlation Between Soy Milk Formula Consumption with Plasma Estradiol Level and Growth of Children in Denpasar

American Journal of Pediatrics, 2019

Soy milk formula is a formula which contains soybean as a substitute for cow's milk protein. Cons... more Soy milk formula is a formula which contains soybean as a substitute for cow's milk protein. Consumption of soy formula has caused widespread concern especially related to the effect of isoflavones. We aimed to determine the correlation of plasma estradiol level and to compare physical growth in children who consumed soy milk formula with children who consumed cow's milk formula. This was a case-control study of children aged six months to two years old who were treated at pediatric outpatient clinic in Sanglah Hospital and private pediatric outpatient clinic in Denpasar from April to July 2015. Subjects were divided into children who consumed soy milk formula and children who consumed cow's milk formula. Data regarding physical examination, anthropometric measurements, diet types and estradiol level were obtained. Total 28 subjects enrolled. We found significant difference in estradiol level between the two groups (OR: 0.33; p = 0.001; 95% CI = 0.17-0.64). We found no significant difference in sexual development between those two groups (OR: 1.25; p = 0.12; 95% CI = 0.92-1.71). Furthermore we found no significantly different in physical growth of subjects who consumed soy milk formula compared to cow's milk formula (p>0.05). Soy milk formula consumption did not associated with significant difference of sexual development and growth in children consuming soy milk compared to cow's milk. However, it related to increament of estradiol level.

Research paper thumbnail of Factor Associated with Development Disorder in Children

American Journal of Pediatrics, 2020

Early detection of growth and development delay is important so that interventions can be carried... more Early detection of growth and development delay is important so that interventions can be carried out on time. Knowing the factors associated with developmental disorders in children is important in efforts to improve the quality of life of children and reduce the prevalence of these disorders in general. This study aims to determine the factor associated with developmental disorder in the Sanglah General Hospital Growth and Development clinic in 2018. This research is a retrospective cross sectional study. The research data was obtained from the outpatient register at the Growth and developmental clinic, Sanglah General Hospital. The subjects of this study were all patients who visited in RSUP Sanglah Denpasar from January 1st, 2018 to December 31st, 2018. There were 363 patient with developmental disorder in a year, most cases (37.5%) were global developmental delays. The majority of patients with developmental disorder were aged 2-5 years (47.9%), were male (66.7%), had normal birth weight (69.9%) and had vaginal birth 60.4%. The majority of patients were found with comorbidities (50.4%), and epilepsy (12.6%) were the most common comorbidities found among patients. Child's gender (PR 2.687; 96%CI 1.829-3.945; p=0.001), parents level of education (PR 2.223; 95%CI 1.414-3.497; p=0.001), birth weight (PR 2.066; 95%CI: 1.290-3.310; p=0.001), and nutritional status (PR 2.014; 95%CI 1.312-23.091; p=0.001) was associated with developmental dissorder. This research proved that child's gender, parents level of education, birth weight, and nutritional status had a significant role in children's development disorders.

Research paper thumbnail of Gambaran perkembangan kognitif dan bahasa pada anak usia di bawah 3 tahun di Taman Pengasuhan Anak (TPA)/(Daycare) Kota Denpasar, Bali

Intisari Sains Medis, 2020

Background:Â Speech and language developmental disorders can affect various functions in learning... more Background:Â Speech and language developmental disorders can affect various functions in learning difficulties. This often happens to children who are less stimulated because today, many parents work so that child care will be reduced. Therefore, the childcare park (TPA) can be a choice of place to leave the child so that it is expected to get proper stimulation according to age level. This study aims to assess the status of cognitive and language development in children under 3 years of age at the Denpasar City, Bali.Methods:Â A cross-sectional study was conducted to 48 children who were in 4 TPAs in Denpasar during February 2018. Variables assessed in this study included cognitive and language aspects using adaptive cognitive test (CAT) / clinical linguistic & auditory milestone scale questionnaires. (CLAMS) that is valid and reliable. The research data obtained were analyzed using SPSS software version 19 for Windows.Results:Â Most respondents were female (56.3%), mean age 19.5 Â...

Research paper thumbnail of The correlation of High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) with adiponectin levels among obese adolescents in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia

Bali Medical Journal, 2020

Background: Obesity is a state of Body Mass Index (BMI) above or equal to 25 kg/m2. In obesity, ... more Background: Obesity is a state of Body Mass Index (BMI) above or equal to 25 kg/m2. In obesity, dyslipidaemia can occur alone or together with other comorbid. This situation could affect pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines that lead to health problems. Several parameters assessed in dyslipidaemia conditions include High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and adiponectin. This study aims to evaluate the correlation between HDL and adiponectin levels in obese adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 33 obese adolescence (0-18 years) who met the inclusion criteria at Junior and Senior High School in Denpasar during August 2018-January 2019 period. Variables evaluated in this study were age, sex, weight, height, BMI, HDL, and adiponectin. The correlation assessment of HDL and adiponectin levels was conducted by Partial Correlation test after controlling age and sex using SPSS version 23 for Windows. Results: Males (66.70%) were predominant...

Research paper thumbnail of Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi status imunisasi pada anak dengan infeksi human immunodeficiency virus

Medicina, 2016

Imunisasi merupakan salah satu intervensi kesehatan masyarakat yang secara langsung mengurangi pe... more Imunisasi merupakan salah satu intervensi kesehatan masyarakat yang secara langsung mengurangi pembiayaan kesehatan. Anak dengan infeksi human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) merupakan populasi yang rentan terhadap penyakit yang dapat dicegah melalui imunisasi sehingga imunisasi sangat direkomendasikan. Kelengkapan status imunisasi pada anak dapat dipengaruhi oleh pendidikan ibu, usia ibu, berat badan lahir, penyakit yang diderita, dan persepsi orangtua. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui status imunisasi dasar pada anak dengan infeksi HIV dan faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong-lintang. Data didapat dari rekam medis. Analisis data menggunakan metode bivariat dan multivariat dengan tingkat kemaknaan P<0,05. Dari analisis multivariat didapatkan bahwa usia saat diagnosis kurang dari 12 bulan berhubungan dengan status imunisasi pada anak dengan infeksi HIV [RP=0,07 (IK95% 0,02 sampai 0,25), P<0,0001)]. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah usia pasien saat didiagnosis dengan infeksi HIV kurang dari 12 bulan merupakan salah satu faktor risiko untuk tidak mendapatkan imunisasi secara lengkap.

Research paper thumbnail of Case of Seckel Syndrome in a 9-month-old Girl

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences

INTRODUCTION: Seckel syndrome is a rare case. It belongs to an autosomal recessive disorder. It c... more INTRODUCTION: Seckel syndrome is a rare case. It belongs to an autosomal recessive disorder. It commonly leads to osteodysplastic, microcephaly, and dwarfism, which are proportional to prenatal onset. Microcephaly, bird-headed-like appearance, and mental retardation are common dysmorphic in the future. This case report present a patient with Seckel syndrome and this case will be discussed comprehensively. CASE REPORT: A patient 9-month-old girl came to the hospital with a chief complaint of growth disturbance. Her growth was not the same as her peer. She was stunted and failed to thrive. Microcephaly and a dysmorphic face (bird-headed) appeared with a broad face, prominent forehead, large eyes, prominent curved nose, and micrognathia were found in physical examination. Her organ was in normal condition. According to the radiology examination, the bone age was appropriate for the age of a newborn (<3 months). Patient had global developmental delay. Based on clinical manifestation ...

Research paper thumbnail of Quality of life of pediatric patients experiencing organic depressive disorder with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

International journal of health & medical sciences, Oct 31, 2022

Depression is a fundamental disorder characterized by mood swings of feelings or affects towards ... more Depression is a fundamental disorder characterized by mood swings of feelings or affects towards depression with or without accompanying anxiety? Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is a chronic inflammatory condition in children. JIA is defined as the presence of objective signs of arthritis in at least one joint that lasts more than six weeks in children less than 16 years of age, and other types of arthritis in children have been removed. Children with JIA may also often experience depressive episodes and other psychosocial disorders during the disease. Affective disorders in childhood can predict the recurrence of depressive episodes. In the case report, a 7year-old was consulted because he looked sad. The sadness has been felt for two months and has worsened since two weeks ago, originally due to JIA Patients can usually carry out daily activities as usual. Nowadays, the patient has no desire and gets tired quickly, especially when doing ordinary activities; difficulty feeling joy, feeling guilty, worrying that the pain will not heal, despairing of not wanting to go to school, and being unable to follow lessons because of weakness, unable to walk, unable to write because of pain and swelling in his hands. Patients receive oral therapy of 10 mg of Fluoxetine every 24 hours, supportive psychotherapy, and family psychoeducation. The overall quality of life was worse in JIA Patients with higher depression scores.

Research paper thumbnail of Erocive gastritis with bipolar affective disorder current episode severe depression with psychotic symptoms with history of sexual violence in adolescent

International journal of health & medical sciences

Depression is a mental health disorder characterized by feelings of sadness, unhappiness, hopeles... more Depression is a mental health disorder characterized by feelings of sadness, unhappiness, hopelessness, and even guilt. Erosive gastritis is an erosion of the gastric mucosa caused by damage to the mucosal barrier that is superficial but does not penetrate the muscularis mucosal layer. The patient is a 17 year old girl. Experiencing sad behavior changes, lack of interest, loss of joy, and suicide attempts. In addition, the patient was vomiting blood, and was examined by a pediatric gastroenterohepatologist. The supporting examination that was carried out, namely endoscopy, showed that the patient had erosive gastritis. The patient was consulted to the psychiatry department because there was a history of psychiatric treatment due to a history of depression. The treatment provided includes psychoeducation, administration of antipsychotic drugs quetiapine and valproic acid, as well as drugs for erosive gastritis including Sucralfate and Omeprazole. Episodes of major depression with psy...

Research paper thumbnail of Phototherapy and serum calcium levels in full term neonates with hyperbilirubinemia

Paediatrica Indonesiana

Background Hyperbilirubinemia is one of the most common problems in newborns. Severe hyperbilirub... more Background Hyperbilirubinemia is one of the most common problems in newborns. Severe hyperbilirubinemia, known as kernicterus, can suppress O2 consumption and oxidative phosphorylation, as well as damage brain cells, resulting in neuronal dysfunction and encephalopathy. Phototherapy is a common therapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, but may rarely lead to the adverse effect of hypocalcemia. Objective To investigate serum calcium levels in full term neonates with hyperbilirubinemia, before and after phototherapy. Methods This cohort study compared total serum calcium level before and after phototherapy in full term neonates with hyperbilirubinemia. Subjects were full term neonates aged 2-14 days with high total serum bilirubin levels, according to the Bhutani curve, and were treated with phototherapy at Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. Paired T-test was used to compare serum calcium levels before and after phototherapy. Results There were 35 subjects in this study. Pair...

Research paper thumbnail of Psychiatric assistance in the hospitalization of adolescents with chronic diseases

International Journal of Health Sciences (IJHS), Mar 31, 2022

Hospitalization is an unpleasant experience for all patients, likewise for adolescent patients. T... more Hospitalization is an unpleasant experience for all patients, likewise for adolescent patients. The most common stressors experienced by adolescents undergoing hospitalization include loss of freedom, control, and privacy; fear of injury to the body or changes in self-image; fear of disability, pain, and death; as well as separation with peers, home, and school. The stressor can trigger mental and behavioral disorders, so it can ultimately affect the therapy process and outcome. The role of psychiatrists in adolescent hospitalization is to assist, detect mental disorders that may occur, and provide appropriate procedures to overcome the disorder and prevent worsening of symptoms. This case report describes a 17-year-old 2672 teenage girl patient who was consulted to the psychiatry department because she looked sad. Patient experienced long periods of hospitalization, including having been cared in isolation and intensive care room, and had invasive procedures as well. The patient was diagnosed with a Major Depressive Episode without Psychotic Symptoms. Pharmacological therapy with 0.5 mg Risperidone tablet every 24 h orally (evening), while the non-pharmacological therapy given was supportive psychotherapy and psychoeducation to the parent.

Research paper thumbnail of Hiperaktifitas (GPPH) Terhadap Status Gizi Anak DI Klinik Tumbuh Kembang Rsup Sanglah Denpasar

ABSTRAK Gangguan Pemusatan Perhatian dan Hiperaktivitas (GPPH) terdiri atas pola yang menunjukkan... more ABSTRAK Gangguan Pemusatan Perhatian dan Hiperaktivitas (GPPH) terdiri atas pola yang menunjukkan tidak adanya atensi persisten dan/atau perilaku yang impulsif serta hiperaktif, yang bersifat lebih berat dari yang seharusnya terjadi pada usia perkembangannya. Anak dengan GPPH memiliki aktivitas fisik lebih banyak dibanding anak tanpa GPPH yang berpengaruh pada status gizinya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan gangguan pemusatan perhatian/ hiperaktifitas (GPPH) terhadap status gizi pada anak di Klinik Tumbuh Kembang RSUP Sanglah. Metode penelitian ini analitik cross-sectional, diambil dari data register anak dengan GPPH di Poliklinik Tumbuh Kembang RSUP Sanglah periode 1 Januari 2014-31 Agustus 2016. Hasil dari 120 sampel yang terdiri dari 48 sampel anak dengan diagnosis GPPH dan 72 sampel anak dengan diagnosis non-GPPH. Hubungan status gizi normal dan tidak normal terhadap GPPH berbeda bermakna (PR:0,5, IK 95% : 0,26;0,97, p=0,028), status gizi kurus dan normal ...

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of Sleep Disorders in Adolescents and its Relation with Screen Time during the COVID-19 Pandemic Era

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2021

BACKGROUND: Sleep disorders encompass disturbances in the amount, quality, or timing of sleep. Se... more BACKGROUND: Sleep disorders encompass disturbances in the amount, quality, or timing of sleep. Several factors have contributed to sleep disorders in adolescents, including the use of electronic devices. In the COVID-19 pandemic era, there is a rising trend of screen time. AIM: The objective of the study was to identify the prevalence of sleep disorders in adolescents and its relation with screen time during the COVID-19 pandemic era. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study involving students aged 15–18 years at three State High School, Denpasar, and Santo Yoseph Senior High School, Denpasar, in August 2020, using purposive sampling method. Data collections on characteristics of the subjects and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were performed using Google Forms. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square test. RESULTS: A total of 243 students participated in this study, of which 39 students were excluded due to chronic diseases and consumption of caffeine within 6 h b...

Research paper thumbnail of The Association Between Nutritional Status and Risk of Developmental Disorder in Children in Denpasar Bali Indonesia

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2021

BACKGROUND: Preschool age is an important period for growth and development. Malnutrition that oc... more BACKGROUND: Preschool age is an important period for growth and development. Malnutrition that occurs during this period can have negative impacts on growth, cognitive development, and academic performance in children. AIM: The objective of the study is to know the association between nutritional status and the risk of developmental disorder in preschool children in Denpasar. METHODS: An observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design and cluster sampling method was conducted on children under 5 years old who attended Early Childhood Education in Denpasar Bali in 2019. RESULTS: From 468 samples, the median age was 5 years old (range, 1–5), the majority of children were well-nourished (52.6%), and caretaken by parents (82.9%). Child development was prescreened using an Indonesian child development pre-screening questionnaire/Kuesioner Pra Skrining Perkembangan (KPSP) that had 75% sensitivity, 99.16% specificity, 85.71% positive predictive value,and 98.33% negative predicti...

Research paper thumbnail of Korelasi Positif Kegiatan Ekstrakurikuler dengan Tingkat Stres pada Anak Sekolah Dasar

Sari Pediatri, 2018

Latar belakang. Kompetisi antar orangtua merupakan salah satu penyebab munculnya sindrom hurried ... more Latar belakang. Kompetisi antar orangtua merupakan salah satu penyebab munculnya sindrom hurried child, yaitu fenomena percepatan perkembangan anak. Anak diberi berbagai kegiatan ekstrakurikuler setiap minggu yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan anak. Hubungan orangtua dan anak yang tidak sehat cenderung membuat anak merasa tertekan ketika menjalankan kegiatan akademik mereka. Kesenjangan antara tuntutan dari orangtua dan kemampuan diri anak akan menimbulkan kondisi stres di bidang akademik pada anak.Tujuan. Mencari besar korelasi antara kegiatan ekstrakurikuler dengan tingkat stres pada anak sekolah dasar.Metode. Digunakan rancangan penelitianobservasional analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Penentuan lokasi dan subjek penelitian digunakan metode purposive sehingga terpilih Sekolah Dasar Swasta C Denpasar. Hasil. Berdasarkan analisis korelasi dengan uji korelasi Pearson, didapatkan kegiatan ekstrakurikuler memiliki korelasi positif lemah dengan tingkat stres (r=0,309). Se...

Research paper thumbnail of Quality of Life of Children with HIV Infection

Background Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is an increasing major chronic condition ... more Background Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is an increasing major chronic condition in Indonesia. Children with HIV infection are at risk for low self-esteem, as well as for emotional, behavioral, and social functioning problem. This condition may affect children quality of life (QoL). Objective To explore QoL of children with HIV infection and its related factors. Methods An analytic descriptive study was carried out in outpatient allergy-immunology clinic of Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Indonesia University, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital during July 2012-July 2013. Subjects were children with HIV aged 2-18 years old and their caregivers. The QoL was assessed by Indonesian Version of PedsQLTM 4.0. Results A hundred children with HIV infection and their caregivers participated in this study. The subject consisted of boys and girls in equal numbers, predominantly 2-4 year old group (40%). The primary caregivers were mostly biological parents (49%). ...

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalens Gangguan Tidur Pada Anak Obesitas

e-Jurnal Medika Udayana, 2017

Kejadian obesitas dinyatakan meningkat dua kali pada anak dan empat kali pada remaja dalam tiga p... more Kejadian obesitas dinyatakan meningkat dua kali pada anak dan empat kali pada remaja dalam tiga puluh tahun terakhir. Obesitas dapat menimbulkan munculnya populasi berisiko baru yaitu gangguan tidur. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui prevalens dan jenis gangguan tidur pada anak obesitas. Gangguan tidur ditentukan dengan menggunakan kuisioner Sleep Disorder Scale for Children (SDSC). Penelitian adalah studi potong lintang. Sampel terdiri dari 30 anak usia 7-12 tahun yang telah didiagnosis obesitas. Penelitian dilakukan melalui kunjungan rumah. Pengisian kuisioner SDSC oleh orang tua dilakukan untuk menilai gangguan tidur pada anak. Prevalens gangguan tidur pada anak obesitas didapatkan sebesar 66,7%. Jenis gangguan tidur yang paling banyak adalah gangguan pernapasan saat tidur (55%). Subjek dengan gangguan tidur lebih banyak berjenis kelamin perempuan (60%) dan berada dalam kelompok usia 12 tahun (55%). Pada subjek dengan gangguan tidur, didapatkan angka yang lebih tinggi un...

Research paper thumbnail of Masalah Adiksi Game Online pada Anak

Game online adalah game berbasis elektronik dan visual yang menggunakan jaringan internet, yang d... more Game online adalah game berbasis elektronik dan visual yang menggunakan jaringan internet, yang dapat dimainkan oleh beberapa pemain di lokasi berbeda. Game ini tidak asing lagi di kehidupan masyarakat, dapat dijumpai di rumah, warung internet, konsol, dan gadget. Maraknya game online dapat menyebabkan adiksi pada anak. Adiksi game online dapat menimbulkan kerugian signifikan, yaitu timbulnya sikap dan perilaku kompulsif, agresif, dan acuh pada kegiatan lain. Juga munculnya gejala seperti rasa tak tenang atau gelisah jika hasrat bermain tidak segera terpenuhi. Peran orangtua dalam terapi anak dengan adiksi game online sangat penting. Orangtua wajib membangun komunikasi yang hangat dan terbuka dengan anak; melarang terlalu keras dapat menyebabkan anak melawan dan akan berperilaku makin menyimpang.

Research paper thumbnail of Association of Comorbid with Developmental Quotient in Down Syndrome Children

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2021

BACKGROUND: Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic disorder in children. Children with DS ... more BACKGROUND: Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic disorder in children. Children with DS tend to have various comorbid due to developmental abnormalities of chromosome 21, such as congenital heart defects, hearing loss, otitis media, eye disorders, obstructive sleep apnea, thyroid hormone disorders, gastrointestinal atresia, hip joint dislocation, leukemia, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Moreover, they also show cognitive impairments in concentration, communication, memory, and the ability to carry out tasks. Caput Scale/Clinical Adaptive Test/Clinical Linguistic and Auditory Milestone Scale (CAT-CLAMS) is one of the developmental assessment instruments to screen for cognitive disorders. AIM: Hereby, we aimed to find the association of comorbid with developmental quotient in DS children. Data were obtained from medical record with sample age 0–18 years and suffering from DS. METHODS: This was observational analytic study with cross-sectional approach, conducted in DS children a...

Research paper thumbnail of The Differences in Transaminase Enzyme Levels among Children with Acute Diarrhea due to Rotavirus and Non-rotavirus

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2021

BACKGROUND: Diarrhea is the particular disease that still affects children in Indonesia, with rot... more BACKGROUND: Diarrhea is the particular disease that still affects children in Indonesia, with rotavirus being the most common etiology among children under 5 years old. Rotavirus and non-rotavirus diarrhea can spread to the extraintestinal and localized to the liver which causes liver cell damage, thus, the level of the glutamic oxaloacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminase enzymes increases. AIM: The objective of the study was to prove that there are differences in serum levels of glutamic oxaloacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminase in children with acute diarrhea due to rotavirus and non-rotavirus infection. METHODS: This study used a cross-sectional design, the research subjects were children aged 6 months old until 60 months old with acute diarrhea in Denpasar Public Health Center, Sanglah, and Wangaya General Hospital within the period of March 2018 until March 2021. Statistical analysis used the Mann–Whitney. RESULTS: A total of 70 subjects were analyzed in this study. There...

Research paper thumbnail of The Quality of Life in Children with Hemophilia in Bali

American Journal of Pediatrics, 2020

Hemophilia in children adversely affects both their psychological as well as their physical healt... more Hemophilia in children adversely affects both their psychological as well as their physical health. It is important to understand more about the quality of life (QoL) in this patient population. The aim of this study was to assess health-related QoL of children with hemophilia in Bali. A cross sectional study was carried out on children with hemophilia in Bali. Data on the quality of life was collected through questionnaires using PedsQL Generic Core Scales version 4.0 inventory. Independent t test was used to analysis data. Child reports showed mean score on each domain function (physical, emotional, social and school function) in hemophilia group compared to healthy children group were 71.8 vs 97.9, 81.4 vs 94.5, 85.0 vs 97.5, and 73.1 vs 94.5, respectively. Parent-proxy reports showed mean scores on each domain function (physical, emotional, social, and school function) in hemophilia group compared to healthy children group were 73.3 vs 97.3, 79.5 vs 94.5, 80.2 vs 97.5, and 67.4 vs 89.8, respectively. Total PedsQL score in hemophilic children and healthy group showed a significant difference in both reports (child report; p<0.05, with the mean difference was-18.7 with 95% CI of-25.9 to-13.6 and parent-proxy report; p<0.05 the mean difference was-19.8 with 95% CI of-25.9 to-13.5). Hemophilia has a negative impact on the children's daily life. Hemophilia group reported poor quality of life as regards the physical, emotional, social, school functioning domains, and total quality of life than healthy children group.

Research paper thumbnail of Correlation Between Soy Milk Formula Consumption with Plasma Estradiol Level and Growth of Children in Denpasar

American Journal of Pediatrics, 2019

Soy milk formula is a formula which contains soybean as a substitute for cow's milk protein. Cons... more Soy milk formula is a formula which contains soybean as a substitute for cow's milk protein. Consumption of soy formula has caused widespread concern especially related to the effect of isoflavones. We aimed to determine the correlation of plasma estradiol level and to compare physical growth in children who consumed soy milk formula with children who consumed cow's milk formula. This was a case-control study of children aged six months to two years old who were treated at pediatric outpatient clinic in Sanglah Hospital and private pediatric outpatient clinic in Denpasar from April to July 2015. Subjects were divided into children who consumed soy milk formula and children who consumed cow's milk formula. Data regarding physical examination, anthropometric measurements, diet types and estradiol level were obtained. Total 28 subjects enrolled. We found significant difference in estradiol level between the two groups (OR: 0.33; p = 0.001; 95% CI = 0.17-0.64). We found no significant difference in sexual development between those two groups (OR: 1.25; p = 0.12; 95% CI = 0.92-1.71). Furthermore we found no significantly different in physical growth of subjects who consumed soy milk formula compared to cow's milk formula (p>0.05). Soy milk formula consumption did not associated with significant difference of sexual development and growth in children consuming soy milk compared to cow's milk. However, it related to increament of estradiol level.

Research paper thumbnail of Factor Associated with Development Disorder in Children

American Journal of Pediatrics, 2020

Early detection of growth and development delay is important so that interventions can be carried... more Early detection of growth and development delay is important so that interventions can be carried out on time. Knowing the factors associated with developmental disorders in children is important in efforts to improve the quality of life of children and reduce the prevalence of these disorders in general. This study aims to determine the factor associated with developmental disorder in the Sanglah General Hospital Growth and Development clinic in 2018. This research is a retrospective cross sectional study. The research data was obtained from the outpatient register at the Growth and developmental clinic, Sanglah General Hospital. The subjects of this study were all patients who visited in RSUP Sanglah Denpasar from January 1st, 2018 to December 31st, 2018. There were 363 patient with developmental disorder in a year, most cases (37.5%) were global developmental delays. The majority of patients with developmental disorder were aged 2-5 years (47.9%), were male (66.7%), had normal birth weight (69.9%) and had vaginal birth 60.4%. The majority of patients were found with comorbidities (50.4%), and epilepsy (12.6%) were the most common comorbidities found among patients. Child's gender (PR 2.687; 96%CI 1.829-3.945; p=0.001), parents level of education (PR 2.223; 95%CI 1.414-3.497; p=0.001), birth weight (PR 2.066; 95%CI: 1.290-3.310; p=0.001), and nutritional status (PR 2.014; 95%CI 1.312-23.091; p=0.001) was associated with developmental dissorder. This research proved that child's gender, parents level of education, birth weight, and nutritional status had a significant role in children's development disorders.

Research paper thumbnail of Gambaran perkembangan kognitif dan bahasa pada anak usia di bawah 3 tahun di Taman Pengasuhan Anak (TPA)/(Daycare) Kota Denpasar, Bali

Intisari Sains Medis, 2020

Background:Â Speech and language developmental disorders can affect various functions in learning... more Background:Â Speech and language developmental disorders can affect various functions in learning difficulties. This often happens to children who are less stimulated because today, many parents work so that child care will be reduced. Therefore, the childcare park (TPA) can be a choice of place to leave the child so that it is expected to get proper stimulation according to age level. This study aims to assess the status of cognitive and language development in children under 3 years of age at the Denpasar City, Bali.Methods:Â A cross-sectional study was conducted to 48 children who were in 4 TPAs in Denpasar during February 2018. Variables assessed in this study included cognitive and language aspects using adaptive cognitive test (CAT) / clinical linguistic & auditory milestone scale questionnaires. (CLAMS) that is valid and reliable. The research data obtained were analyzed using SPSS software version 19 for Windows.Results:Â Most respondents were female (56.3%), mean age 19.5 Â...

Research paper thumbnail of The correlation of High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) with adiponectin levels among obese adolescents in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia

Bali Medical Journal, 2020

Background: Obesity is a state of Body Mass Index (BMI) above or equal to 25 kg/m2. In obesity, ... more Background: Obesity is a state of Body Mass Index (BMI) above or equal to 25 kg/m2. In obesity, dyslipidaemia can occur alone or together with other comorbid. This situation could affect pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines that lead to health problems. Several parameters assessed in dyslipidaemia conditions include High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and adiponectin. This study aims to evaluate the correlation between HDL and adiponectin levels in obese adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 33 obese adolescence (0-18 years) who met the inclusion criteria at Junior and Senior High School in Denpasar during August 2018-January 2019 period. Variables evaluated in this study were age, sex, weight, height, BMI, HDL, and adiponectin. The correlation assessment of HDL and adiponectin levels was conducted by Partial Correlation test after controlling age and sex using SPSS version 23 for Windows. Results: Males (66.70%) were predominant...