Sulaiman Yunus - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Sulaiman Yunus

Geosfera Indonesia

In many Nigerian states, urban flooding has resulted into the death of numerous people and destru... more In many Nigerian states, urban flooding has resulted into the death of numerous people and destruction of properties worth billions of Naira. This study examined the vulnerability dynamics and urban flood hazardscape pattern within Gombe city with a view to providing bases for policy formulation (where necessary), enforcement and decision making on flood risk reduction for enable sustainable urban development. ASTER DEM and Landsat images (2000, 2010 and 2019) was used to generate Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and impervious surface areas. Rainfall data for 2000-2018 was used to examine rainfall trend using regression analysis. The result revealed that flood hazardscape and vulnerability dynamics are largely influenced by physical and social factors. The results for vulnerability dynamics shows that as at 2000, about 1.4km2 lies on the relatively low vulnerable area,4.1km2falls within the moderate, and about 14.6km2 falls on critical area. By 2010, only about 1km2 lies on the relative...

Increased occurrence of road traffic crashes in Kano metropolis has resulted in a steady loss of ... more Increased occurrence of road traffic crashes in Kano metropolis has resulted in a steady loss of lives, injuries, and increased people's risk exposure. This study looked into the emergency response to road traffic crashes in Kano, with a view to improving efficiency by developing linkages and synergy between Emergency Healthcare Facilities (EHCF), ambulances, and crash hotspots. The geographical location and attributes of the major EHCF, crash hotspots along highway intersections, and the two existent ambulances at the Kano State Fire Service (KSFS) and Federal Road Safety Corp head offices (FRSC) were obtained using GPS surveying. Road traffic network data (vector format) was digitized from satellite image, from which two major road classes (highways and minor roads) were identified, as well as their respective speed limits. The length and speed constraints were used to calculate time distances. Nearest Neighbor and Network (closest facility, shortest route, and location-alloca...

Savanna: A Journal of the Environmental and Social Sciences, May 20, 2018

Students off-campus housing has been a major concern for universities and colleges worldwide espe... more Students off-campus housing has been a major concern for universities and colleges worldwide especially with respect to the wellbeing and living standard of the students. Studies have confirmed that accommodation is a factor contributing significantly to learning and socializing processes, in which when jeopardized can be detrimental to academic performance. The aim of this study is to examine spatial distribution of off-campus student housing around Bayero University New campus Kano (Rimin gata and Danbare) with a view to identifying the challenges faced. Global positioning system (GPS) was used to capture the a bsolute locations of all student residences within the immediate neighborhoods of the new campus and information about population per residence, names of buildings, and sex composition was obtained. A total of 25 out of the 78 residences identified at Danbare and 10 out of the 31 at Rimin gata were randomly selected (i.e 32% from each area). From the total population of the selected residences from Danbare and Rimin gata, 75 respondents which accounted for 24% and 25 respondents (16%) were selected based on availability sampling technique respectively. Information about factors influencing preference of off-campus and challenges faced were collected based on which recommendations were made. Nearest neighborhood analysis reveals that the pattern of distribution is clustered because the nearest neighborhood index is less than 1 and the z score is less than-1.96. There is also significant difference between the observed pattern (clustered) and random pattern at both 95 and 99 significance levels because the p v alue is equal to 0.01. Hotspot analysis based on population per accommodation reveals that, the hotspots accommodates from about 29-50 students while coldspots only accommodates from 2 to less than 20 students. The study also identifies the spatial pattern of hotspots as random coldspots as cluster. The study therefore recommended for initiation and collaboration with private sectors in organizing and investment in setting up hostel structures and maintenance services at an affordable rate. There is also the need by the school authority to collaborate with the authorities of the immediate neighborhoods to provide for security and adequate monitoring of student's activities.

AFRIGIST JOURNAL OF LAND ADMINISTRATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, 2021

Recurrent fire outbreaks in market places have been a major threat to commercial activities withi... more Recurrent fire outbreaks in market places have been a major threat to commercial activities within Kano metropolis. This necessitated the need to examine the spatio-temporal pattern of the outbreaks in relation to the nature and importance of the markets with a view to mitigating its consequences for sustainable commercial development. Fire incidence records (1974-2017) comprising of incidence dates, time, year, location, causes and consequences was obtained from the Kano State Fire Service Department. Electronic and GPS surveying was conducted to determine the absolute locations for spatial and temporal analyses. The result from spatial analysis indicated a clustered pattern of fire outbreaks within the major markets with Nearest Neighbor Ratio of 0.179. Temporally, there were more fire incidence recurrence (about 20.9%) and property damage between 2007and 2017, thereby making it the most devastating period of market fire outbreaks in Kano. Based on the nature of markets, the overa...

Increase in population and urban growth in the last decade have necessitated the need for more au... more Increase in population and urban growth in the last decade have necessitated the need for more automobiles to enable efficient movement of goods and passengers within and outside Dutse town. This resulted into the proliferation of filling stations due to rise in demand for fuel. This study examined the spatial distribution of petrol filling stations and their level of locational compliance to the DPR standards. It also assesses their fire safety preparedness with a view to influencing the implementation of urban fire safety regulations for sustainable development. All the existing filling stations were purposively sampled and Global Positioning System (GPS) was used to collect their locational and attribute information. Additionally, same information about the existing urban critical infrastructure was collected to enable checking for compliance. Questionnaire survey and field observations the data collection process. Nearest Neighbor Analysis (NNA), Spatial Query and Buffer Analysi...

Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk

The need for modeling response to urban fire disaster cannot be over emphasized, as recurrent fir... more The need for modeling response to urban fire disaster cannot be over emphasized, as recurrent fire outbreaks have gutted most cities of the world. This necessitated the need for a prompt and efficient response system in order to mitigate the impact of the disaster. Promptness, as a function of time, is seen to be the fundamental determinant for efficiency of a response system and magnitude of a fire disaster. Delay, as a result of several factors, is one of the major determinants of promptgness of a response system and also the magnitude of a fire disaster. Response Delay Model (RDM) intends to bridge the gap in urban fire disaster response system through incorporating and synchronizing the delay moments in measuring the overall efficiency of a response system and determining the magnitude of a fire disaster. The model identified two delay moments (pre-notification and Intra-reflex sequence delay) that can be elastic and collectively plays a significant role in influencing the effic...

FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES

The threat posed by urban flooding in most cities of the world is becoming alarming especially wi... more The threat posed by urban flooding in most cities of the world is becoming alarming especially within the recent decades. This makes it necessary to Identify and delineate flood risk areas within cities in order to curb it menace. This study employs geospatial technique to delineate flood risk areas within Kano metropolis with a view to mitigating its impact on lives and properties. Digital Elevation Model (ASTER DEM 30m) was used to derive excess surface run-off attributes including flow direction and accumulation. Based on these attributes, flood risk areas were determined and delineated using buffer distances of 500 meters. World View image (30 cm spatial resolution) was used to identify the landuses at risk. The result from the analysis delineated flood risk areas at varying exposure levels (i.e high, moderate and low).It was evident that flood risk level within the metropolis corresponds to the pattern of surface run-off flow accumulation areas. Settlements and farmlands found ...

FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES

This study aimed at examining the spatial pattern of RTF within Katsina Local Government with a v... more This study aimed at examining the spatial pattern of RTF within Katsina Local Government with a view to developing a comprehensive Road Transport Facility Information System (RTFIS) to enable efficient management and planning for sustainable development. Analogue record (maps and attributes) of the existing RTF were obtained from the relevant departments, and were updated with the data obtained through field and GPS surveys, and Google Earth image (2019). QGIS 3.8 software was used for Nearest Neighbor Analysis, developing comprehensive database and series of spatial and attributes queries in order to demonstrate the capability of Geospatial technology in efficient management of RTF information. The result revealed a dispersed distribution pattern of Roundabouts within the study area with nearest neighbor ratio of 1.3 and z-score value of 2.9. It is therefore recommended that the departments involved in RTF management should embrace Geospatial technology as one of the contemporary m...

FUDMA Journal of Sciences (FJS), 2020

The threat posed by urban flooding in most cities of the world is becoming alarming especially wi... more The threat posed by urban flooding in most cities of the world is becoming alarming especially within the recent decades. This makes it necessary to Identify and delineate flood risk areas within cities in order to curb it menace. This study employs geospatial technique to delineate flood risk areas within Kano metropolis with a view to mitigating its impact on lives and properties. Digital Elevation Model (ASTER DEM 30m) was used to derive excess surface runoff attributes including flow direction and accumulation. Based on these attributes, flood risk areas were determined and delineated using buffer distances of 500 meters. World View image (30 cm spatial resolution) was used to identify the landuses at risk. The result from the analysis delineated flood risk areas at varying exposure levels (i.e high, moderate and low).It was evident that flood risk level within the metropolis corresponds to the pattern of surface runoff flow accumulation areas. Settlements and farmlands found wi...

BackgroundIncrease in occurrence of road traffic accidents in Kano metropolis have resulted into ... more BackgroundIncrease in occurrence of road traffic accidents in Kano metropolis have resulted into continuous loss of lives, injuries and increased people’s exposure to risk. This study examined road traffic accidents emergency response within Kano metropolis with a view to enhancing its efficiency through establishing communication and synergy between Emergency Healthcare Facilities (EHCF), ambulances and accident hotspots. MethodsGPS surveying was conducted to obtain the location and attributes of the major EHCF, accident hotspots along the junctions of the highways and the 2 existing ambulances at Kano State Fire Service and Federal Road Safety Corp head offices (KSFS and FRSC). Road traffic data (vector format) was digitized from Worldview 3 satellite image (2018, 30cm spatial resolution) from which two major road classes were identified (highways and minor roads) along with their speed limits of 50km/hr and 30km/hr respectively. Time distances were determined based on length and ...

The need for modeling response to urban fire disaster cannot be over emphasized, as recurrent fir... more The need for modeling response to urban fire disaster cannot be over emphasized, as recurrent fire outbreaks have gutted most cities of the world. This necessitated the need for a prompt and efficient response system in order to mitigate the impact of the disaster. Promptness, as a function of time, is seen to be the fundamental determinant for efficiency of a response system and magnitude of a fire disaster. Delay, as a result of several factors, is one of the major determinants of promptgness of a response system and also the magnitude of a fire disaster. Response Delay Model (RDM) intends to bridge the gap in urban fire disaster response system through incorporating and synchronizing the delay moments in measuring the overall efficiency of a response system and determining the magnitude of a fire disaster. The model identified two delay moments (pre-notification and Intra-reflex sequence delay) that can be elastic and collectively plays a significant role in influencing the efficiency of a response system. Due to variation in the elasticity of the delay moments, the model provides for measuring the length of delays in order to arrive at a standard average delay moment for different parts of the world, putting into consideration geographic location, level of preparedness and awareness, technological advancement, socioeconomic and environmental factors. It is recommended that participatory researches should be embarked on locally and globally to determine standard average delay moments within each phase of the system so as to enable determining the efficiency of response systems and predicting fire disaster magnitudes.

FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES

This study aimed at examining the spatial pattern of RTF within Katsina Local Government with a v... more This study aimed at examining the spatial pattern of RTF within Katsina Local Government with a view to developing a comprehensive Road Transport Facility Information System (RTFIS) to enable efficient management and planning for sustainable development. Analogue record (maps and attributes) of the existing RTF were obtained from the relevant departments, and were updated with the data obtained through field and GPS surveys, and Google Earth image (2019). QGIS 3.8 software was used for Nearest Neighbor Analysis, developing comprehensive database and series of spatial and attributes queries in order to demonstrate the capability of Geospatial technology in efficient management of RTF information. The result revealed a dispersed distribution pattern of Roundabouts within the study area with nearest neighbor ratio of 1.3 and z-score value of 2.9. It is therefore recommended that the departments involved in RTF management should embrace Geospatial technology as one of the contemporary m...

FUDMA Journal of Sciences (FJS), 2020

The threat posed by urban flooding in most cities of the world is becoming alarming especially wi... more The threat posed by urban flooding in most cities of the world is becoming alarming especially within the recent decades. This makes it necessary to Identify and delineate flood risk areas within cities in order to curb it menace. This study employs geospatial technique to delineate flood risk areas within Kano metropolis with a view to mitigating its impact on lives and properties. Digital Elevation Model (ASTER DEM 30m) was used to derive excess surface runoff attributes including flow direction and accumulation. Based on these attributes, flood risk areas were determined and delineated using buffer distances of 500 meters. World View image (30 cm spatial resolution) was used to identify the landuses at risk. The result from the analysis delineated flood risk areas at varying exposure levels (i.e high, moderate and low).It was evident that flood risk level within the metropolis corresponds to the pattern of surface runoff flow accumulation areas. Settlements and farmlands found within high accumulation areas along the floodplains of River Jakara (in the North and Northeastern part) and Kano-Zaria road (southern part) are at higher risk than those found on low accumulation areas. The study concluded that excess surface runoff flow direction and accumulation are among the fundamental factors determining the risk to urban flooding. The study recommends that with the ongoing level of urban development and impervious surface expansion, urban planners and policy makers should make use of the flow direction and accumulation maps in determining safer places for future developments.

IJRESTs, 2015

Landslides in Western Ghats of India, particularly within Nilgiris district have been impacting n... more Landslides in Western Ghats of India, particularly within Nilgiris district have been impacting negatively on the social and economic lives of the people. As a result, appropriate management measures needs to be adequately taken to reduce the risk from potential landslides. This study aimed at delineating and ranking landslide potential zones in order to minimize its future threat within Nilgiris district. Several methods including geospatial, quantitative, empirical and statistical methods have been used exclusively or simultaneously for delineating and ranking landslides vulnerability. This study examines landslide vulnerable areas in Nilgiris district using a comparative approach. Geospatial analysis and Landslide Susceptibility Values (LSV) analysis from Frequency Ratio techniques were implemented and the outputs were comparatively analyzed. Multi Influencing Factor (MIF) method has been used for the computation of the weightages and weighted-overlay analysis was performed using GIS. In LSV method, susceptibility factor for each parameter has been computed at sub-category level. Slope, Aspect, Rainfall, Lineament density, Drainage density, Geological Formation, Soil types and Land use/Land cover were used as the input parameters and were obtained from LANDSAT 8, CARTOSAT DEM and other agencies like Survey of India, Geological Survey of India. The output maps were ranked into four zones (Very Low, Low, Moderate and High prone zones) based on the degree of potential threat. The results were comparatively analyzed and validated by ground-truthing and superimposing landslides inventory data (reference data). The most accurate output map is determined and recommended for strategic and developmental planning so as to minimize landslides future threats in Nilgiris district.

International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2019

The need for modeling response to urban fire disaster cannot be over emphasized, as recurrent fir... more The need for modeling response to urban fire disaster cannot be over emphasized, as recurrent fire outbreaks have gutted most cities of the world. This necessitated the need for a prompt and efficient response system in order to mitigate the impact of the disaster. Promptness, as a function of time, is seen to be the fundamental determinant for efficiency of a response system and magnitude of a fire disaster. Delay, as a result of several factors, is one of the major determinants of promptgness of a response system and also the magnitude of a fire disaster. Response Delay Model (RDM) intends to bridge the gap in urban fire disaster response system through incorporating and synchronizing the delay moments in measuring the overall efficiency of a response system and determining the magnitude of a fire disaster. The model identified two delay moments (pre-notification and Intra-reflex sequence delay) that can be elastic and collectively plays a significant role in influencing the efficiency of a response system. Due to variation in the elasticity of the delay moments, the model provides for measuring the length of delays in order to arrive at a standard average delay moment for different parts of the world, putting into consideration geographic location, level of preparedness and awareness, technological advancement, socioeconomic and environmental factors. It is recommended that participatory researches should be embarked on locally and globally to determine standard average delay moments within each phase of the system so as to enable determining the efficiency of response systems and predicting fire disaster magnitudes.

CONFLUENCE JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, 2019

Abstract Increase in population and urban growth in the last decade have necessitated the need fo... more Abstract
Increase in population and urban growth in the last decade have necessitated the need for more automobiles to
enable efficient movement of goods and passengers within and outside Dutse town. This resulted into the
proliferation of filling stations due to rise in demand for fuel. This study examined the spatial distribution of petrol
filling stations and their level of locational compliance to the DPR standards. It also assesses their fire safety
preparedness with a view to influencing the implementation of urban fire safety regulations for sustainable
development. All the existing filling stations were purposively sampled and Global Positioning System (GPS) was used
to collect their locational and attribute information. Additionally, same information about the existing urban critical
infrastructure was collected to enable checking for compliance. Questionnaire survey and field observations the data
collection process. Nearest Neighbor Analysis (NNA), Spatial Query and Buffer Analysis were used to determine the
distribution pattern and level of compliance to the setback standards respectively. The result shows a random
distribution pattern with all filling stations complying with the 15m setback from the road and 100m minimum
setback from critical infrastructures. However, more than 50% have not complied with the 400m distance apart
between consecutive stations. Levels of preparedness were ranked based on the adequacy, functionality and
sophistication of the available extinguishing facilities. It is recommended that implementation of setback standards
and safety preparedness policies should be improved for sustainable urban development.

Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, Vol. 1 No. 1, Sept. 2018: CDRMDS- ABU Zaria. ISSN: 2682-6291, 2019

The proliferation of Telecommunication Base Stations (TBS) in most cities of Nigeria as a result ... more The proliferation of Telecommunication Base Stations (TBS) in most cities of Nigeria as a result of increase in the demand for telecommunication has become alarming, especially as proximity to the TBS has been attributed to health implications. Divergent views about the health implications have resulted into crises and yet inconclusive decisions. This paper examined the spatial distribution of the TBS with a view to identifying vulnerable residents and influencing the implementation of risk and disaster policies for safe and sustainable cities. Absolute location of the TBS were collected through GPS survey, landuse data was extracted from Quick Bird image of the study area and average population per residence from 15 randomly selected TBS were selected for analysis. Five (5) residences within each 100m distance were selected and enumerated based on availability sampling. Nearest neighbor and buffer analysis were conducted to examine the spatial pattern of the TBS and to determine vulnerability zones respectively. The result revealed a random distribution with vulnerability at various levels (i.e low, moderate, high). About 1,064 households occupied by over 7,378 residents (about 1%) from the total population are exposed to the effect of the radiation at various levels. The study concluded that global politics, Information Technology market and social factors are the key drivers influencing exposing the health implications associated with the TBS. It is recommended that the use multiple carrier platforms should be encouraged in order to reduce the number of the TBS and also planners should regulate and make provisions for TBS in the city's future plan for sustainable development.

Nigerian Journal of Tropical Geography Dantata et al. Vol. 8, No. 2, , 2017

Rapid increase in population and urbanization is obvious in the capital city of Nigeria (Abuja) s... more Rapid increase in population and urbanization is obvious in the capital city of Nigeria (Abuja) since its creation. However, the growth population and urbanization have led to over stretching of the land and existing infrastructures as a result of increase in human activities (social, economic and political), demand for land, services and basic amenities. Excessive human activities in production of goods and services, market places, residential activities have resulted into recurring of fire incidences in the city and also increase in vulnerability of various infrastructures. The study aimed at examining the trend and spatial distribution of fire incidences (from 2014-2016) thereby identifying the most vulnerable infrastructures. GIS techniques was used for examining the trend and the spatial distribution of the incidences using the GPS data of fire incidents obtained from the fire stations. Vulnerability of various landuses was examined and it was found that the most vulnerable landuses in the study area are residential and industrial area accounting for about 27% and 23% respectively. In 2014 the division attended to 182 emergency calls and the worth of properties saved and properties loss is N4.19billion and N1.04 billion respectively. The number of lives saved reached up to about 458 persons and the number of lives lost is around 144 persons. In 2015 the division attended to 151 calls and the worth of properties saved and lost is N3.1 billion and N109 million respectively. While the lives lost and lives saved stand at 172 persons and 65 persons respectively. In 2016 the division attended to 113 calls and the properties lost and saved worth N2.4 billion and N98 million respectively while lives saved and lost stand at 82 persons and 32 persons respectively. Variation in the worth of properties and lives lost and saved depend on the proximity, effectiveness and promptness in response by the firefighting officers. Location allocation analysis was used to determine optimal location for new fire stations and hydrants as a strategy to reduce fire hazard in the study area. The study identified optimal locations within which firefighting stations can be established to enable prompt response within the city.

Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences (DUJOPAS) Vol. 4 No. , 2018

he city of Abuja is expanding rapidly in almost all directions, along the major highways, extendi... more he city of Abuja is expanding rapidly in almost all directions, along the major highways, extending at a faster rate towards the adjacent rural areas thereby replacing the natural vegetation cover surrounding the main city. However, adequate attention has not been given to monitoring the spatio-temporal trend and also measuring the rate and pattern of the urban encroachment into the forest resources and farmlands of the adjacent villages. As a result, synergy was formed with Landsat imageries of 1986, 2001 and 2016 covering the study area. Change detection analysis reveals that, there was an increase in the built-up area by 61.19km 2 and 78.20km 2 between 1986 and 2001and 2001 and 2016 respectively with a corresponding annual rate of expansion of 32.9% and 7.09%. The analysis reveals that urban growth within the Federal Capital City (FCC) during the first period (1986-2001), encroached and replaced about 12.05km 2 (16.38%) area of agricultural land, 49.23km 2 (66.91%) of forest, and 3.00km 2 (4.08%) of open and bare area. However, in the second period (2001-2016), 59.54km 2 representing 39.23% of the total forest and shrubs was converted to built-up. Also, 22.32km 2 (14.71%) of agricultural areas and 15.31km 2 (10.09%) of open/bare area were converted to urban structures. About 33km 2 of agricultural land and over 110km 2 area of forest resources have been converted to urban throughout the study period. The study finds out that there is a direct relationship between urban growth and demand for agricultural land in the study area and an inverse relationship between urban growth and forest resource area. This by implication means that, increase in urban growth have led to increase in the demand for agricultural land (i.e urban area increased from 12.37km 2-151.8km 2 , with a corresponding increase in agricultural area from 38.90km 2-88.35km 2 between 1986 to 2016 respectively).The study predicts that at this rate of growth, the forest resources will be totally depleted by 2046 (in the next 30 years). The study recommends that the current growth pattern needs to be monitored and managed effectively through strategic planning so as to avoid total depletion of the natural environment as well T as emergence of unplanned settlements such as slums and ghettos. Serious attention should be geared towards providing more facilities to support the growth and job opportunities to avoid the emergence of social vices.

Geosfera Indonesia

In many Nigerian states, urban flooding has resulted into the death of numerous people and destru... more In many Nigerian states, urban flooding has resulted into the death of numerous people and destruction of properties worth billions of Naira. This study examined the vulnerability dynamics and urban flood hazardscape pattern within Gombe city with a view to providing bases for policy formulation (where necessary), enforcement and decision making on flood risk reduction for enable sustainable urban development. ASTER DEM and Landsat images (2000, 2010 and 2019) was used to generate Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and impervious surface areas. Rainfall data for 2000-2018 was used to examine rainfall trend using regression analysis. The result revealed that flood hazardscape and vulnerability dynamics are largely influenced by physical and social factors. The results for vulnerability dynamics shows that as at 2000, about 1.4km2 lies on the relatively low vulnerable area,4.1km2falls within the moderate, and about 14.6km2 falls on critical area. By 2010, only about 1km2 lies on the relative...

Increased occurrence of road traffic crashes in Kano metropolis has resulted in a steady loss of ... more Increased occurrence of road traffic crashes in Kano metropolis has resulted in a steady loss of lives, injuries, and increased people's risk exposure. This study looked into the emergency response to road traffic crashes in Kano, with a view to improving efficiency by developing linkages and synergy between Emergency Healthcare Facilities (EHCF), ambulances, and crash hotspots. The geographical location and attributes of the major EHCF, crash hotspots along highway intersections, and the two existent ambulances at the Kano State Fire Service (KSFS) and Federal Road Safety Corp head offices (FRSC) were obtained using GPS surveying. Road traffic network data (vector format) was digitized from satellite image, from which two major road classes (highways and minor roads) were identified, as well as their respective speed limits. The length and speed constraints were used to calculate time distances. Nearest Neighbor and Network (closest facility, shortest route, and location-alloca...

Savanna: A Journal of the Environmental and Social Sciences, May 20, 2018

Students off-campus housing has been a major concern for universities and colleges worldwide espe... more Students off-campus housing has been a major concern for universities and colleges worldwide especially with respect to the wellbeing and living standard of the students. Studies have confirmed that accommodation is a factor contributing significantly to learning and socializing processes, in which when jeopardized can be detrimental to academic performance. The aim of this study is to examine spatial distribution of off-campus student housing around Bayero University New campus Kano (Rimin gata and Danbare) with a view to identifying the challenges faced. Global positioning system (GPS) was used to capture the a bsolute locations of all student residences within the immediate neighborhoods of the new campus and information about population per residence, names of buildings, and sex composition was obtained. A total of 25 out of the 78 residences identified at Danbare and 10 out of the 31 at Rimin gata were randomly selected (i.e 32% from each area). From the total population of the selected residences from Danbare and Rimin gata, 75 respondents which accounted for 24% and 25 respondents (16%) were selected based on availability sampling technique respectively. Information about factors influencing preference of off-campus and challenges faced were collected based on which recommendations were made. Nearest neighborhood analysis reveals that the pattern of distribution is clustered because the nearest neighborhood index is less than 1 and the z score is less than-1.96. There is also significant difference between the observed pattern (clustered) and random pattern at both 95 and 99 significance levels because the p v alue is equal to 0.01. Hotspot analysis based on population per accommodation reveals that, the hotspots accommodates from about 29-50 students while coldspots only accommodates from 2 to less than 20 students. The study also identifies the spatial pattern of hotspots as random coldspots as cluster. The study therefore recommended for initiation and collaboration with private sectors in organizing and investment in setting up hostel structures and maintenance services at an affordable rate. There is also the need by the school authority to collaborate with the authorities of the immediate neighborhoods to provide for security and adequate monitoring of student's activities.

AFRIGIST JOURNAL OF LAND ADMINISTRATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, 2021

Recurrent fire outbreaks in market places have been a major threat to commercial activities withi... more Recurrent fire outbreaks in market places have been a major threat to commercial activities within Kano metropolis. This necessitated the need to examine the spatio-temporal pattern of the outbreaks in relation to the nature and importance of the markets with a view to mitigating its consequences for sustainable commercial development. Fire incidence records (1974-2017) comprising of incidence dates, time, year, location, causes and consequences was obtained from the Kano State Fire Service Department. Electronic and GPS surveying was conducted to determine the absolute locations for spatial and temporal analyses. The result from spatial analysis indicated a clustered pattern of fire outbreaks within the major markets with Nearest Neighbor Ratio of 0.179. Temporally, there were more fire incidence recurrence (about 20.9%) and property damage between 2007and 2017, thereby making it the most devastating period of market fire outbreaks in Kano. Based on the nature of markets, the overa...

Increase in population and urban growth in the last decade have necessitated the need for more au... more Increase in population and urban growth in the last decade have necessitated the need for more automobiles to enable efficient movement of goods and passengers within and outside Dutse town. This resulted into the proliferation of filling stations due to rise in demand for fuel. This study examined the spatial distribution of petrol filling stations and their level of locational compliance to the DPR standards. It also assesses their fire safety preparedness with a view to influencing the implementation of urban fire safety regulations for sustainable development. All the existing filling stations were purposively sampled and Global Positioning System (GPS) was used to collect their locational and attribute information. Additionally, same information about the existing urban critical infrastructure was collected to enable checking for compliance. Questionnaire survey and field observations the data collection process. Nearest Neighbor Analysis (NNA), Spatial Query and Buffer Analysi...

Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk

The need for modeling response to urban fire disaster cannot be over emphasized, as recurrent fir... more The need for modeling response to urban fire disaster cannot be over emphasized, as recurrent fire outbreaks have gutted most cities of the world. This necessitated the need for a prompt and efficient response system in order to mitigate the impact of the disaster. Promptness, as a function of time, is seen to be the fundamental determinant for efficiency of a response system and magnitude of a fire disaster. Delay, as a result of several factors, is one of the major determinants of promptgness of a response system and also the magnitude of a fire disaster. Response Delay Model (RDM) intends to bridge the gap in urban fire disaster response system through incorporating and synchronizing the delay moments in measuring the overall efficiency of a response system and determining the magnitude of a fire disaster. The model identified two delay moments (pre-notification and Intra-reflex sequence delay) that can be elastic and collectively plays a significant role in influencing the effic...

FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES

The threat posed by urban flooding in most cities of the world is becoming alarming especially wi... more The threat posed by urban flooding in most cities of the world is becoming alarming especially within the recent decades. This makes it necessary to Identify and delineate flood risk areas within cities in order to curb it menace. This study employs geospatial technique to delineate flood risk areas within Kano metropolis with a view to mitigating its impact on lives and properties. Digital Elevation Model (ASTER DEM 30m) was used to derive excess surface run-off attributes including flow direction and accumulation. Based on these attributes, flood risk areas were determined and delineated using buffer distances of 500 meters. World View image (30 cm spatial resolution) was used to identify the landuses at risk. The result from the analysis delineated flood risk areas at varying exposure levels (i.e high, moderate and low).It was evident that flood risk level within the metropolis corresponds to the pattern of surface run-off flow accumulation areas. Settlements and farmlands found ...

FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES

This study aimed at examining the spatial pattern of RTF within Katsina Local Government with a v... more This study aimed at examining the spatial pattern of RTF within Katsina Local Government with a view to developing a comprehensive Road Transport Facility Information System (RTFIS) to enable efficient management and planning for sustainable development. Analogue record (maps and attributes) of the existing RTF were obtained from the relevant departments, and were updated with the data obtained through field and GPS surveys, and Google Earth image (2019). QGIS 3.8 software was used for Nearest Neighbor Analysis, developing comprehensive database and series of spatial and attributes queries in order to demonstrate the capability of Geospatial technology in efficient management of RTF information. The result revealed a dispersed distribution pattern of Roundabouts within the study area with nearest neighbor ratio of 1.3 and z-score value of 2.9. It is therefore recommended that the departments involved in RTF management should embrace Geospatial technology as one of the contemporary m...

FUDMA Journal of Sciences (FJS), 2020

The threat posed by urban flooding in most cities of the world is becoming alarming especially wi... more The threat posed by urban flooding in most cities of the world is becoming alarming especially within the recent decades. This makes it necessary to Identify and delineate flood risk areas within cities in order to curb it menace. This study employs geospatial technique to delineate flood risk areas within Kano metropolis with a view to mitigating its impact on lives and properties. Digital Elevation Model (ASTER DEM 30m) was used to derive excess surface runoff attributes including flow direction and accumulation. Based on these attributes, flood risk areas were determined and delineated using buffer distances of 500 meters. World View image (30 cm spatial resolution) was used to identify the landuses at risk. The result from the analysis delineated flood risk areas at varying exposure levels (i.e high, moderate and low).It was evident that flood risk level within the metropolis corresponds to the pattern of surface runoff flow accumulation areas. Settlements and farmlands found wi...

BackgroundIncrease in occurrence of road traffic accidents in Kano metropolis have resulted into ... more BackgroundIncrease in occurrence of road traffic accidents in Kano metropolis have resulted into continuous loss of lives, injuries and increased people’s exposure to risk. This study examined road traffic accidents emergency response within Kano metropolis with a view to enhancing its efficiency through establishing communication and synergy between Emergency Healthcare Facilities (EHCF), ambulances and accident hotspots. MethodsGPS surveying was conducted to obtain the location and attributes of the major EHCF, accident hotspots along the junctions of the highways and the 2 existing ambulances at Kano State Fire Service and Federal Road Safety Corp head offices (KSFS and FRSC). Road traffic data (vector format) was digitized from Worldview 3 satellite image (2018, 30cm spatial resolution) from which two major road classes were identified (highways and minor roads) along with their speed limits of 50km/hr and 30km/hr respectively. Time distances were determined based on length and ...

The need for modeling response to urban fire disaster cannot be over emphasized, as recurrent fir... more The need for modeling response to urban fire disaster cannot be over emphasized, as recurrent fire outbreaks have gutted most cities of the world. This necessitated the need for a prompt and efficient response system in order to mitigate the impact of the disaster. Promptness, as a function of time, is seen to be the fundamental determinant for efficiency of a response system and magnitude of a fire disaster. Delay, as a result of several factors, is one of the major determinants of promptgness of a response system and also the magnitude of a fire disaster. Response Delay Model (RDM) intends to bridge the gap in urban fire disaster response system through incorporating and synchronizing the delay moments in measuring the overall efficiency of a response system and determining the magnitude of a fire disaster. The model identified two delay moments (pre-notification and Intra-reflex sequence delay) that can be elastic and collectively plays a significant role in influencing the efficiency of a response system. Due to variation in the elasticity of the delay moments, the model provides for measuring the length of delays in order to arrive at a standard average delay moment for different parts of the world, putting into consideration geographic location, level of preparedness and awareness, technological advancement, socioeconomic and environmental factors. It is recommended that participatory researches should be embarked on locally and globally to determine standard average delay moments within each phase of the system so as to enable determining the efficiency of response systems and predicting fire disaster magnitudes.

FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES

This study aimed at examining the spatial pattern of RTF within Katsina Local Government with a v... more This study aimed at examining the spatial pattern of RTF within Katsina Local Government with a view to developing a comprehensive Road Transport Facility Information System (RTFIS) to enable efficient management and planning for sustainable development. Analogue record (maps and attributes) of the existing RTF were obtained from the relevant departments, and were updated with the data obtained through field and GPS surveys, and Google Earth image (2019). QGIS 3.8 software was used for Nearest Neighbor Analysis, developing comprehensive database and series of spatial and attributes queries in order to demonstrate the capability of Geospatial technology in efficient management of RTF information. The result revealed a dispersed distribution pattern of Roundabouts within the study area with nearest neighbor ratio of 1.3 and z-score value of 2.9. It is therefore recommended that the departments involved in RTF management should embrace Geospatial technology as one of the contemporary m...

FUDMA Journal of Sciences (FJS), 2020

The threat posed by urban flooding in most cities of the world is becoming alarming especially wi... more The threat posed by urban flooding in most cities of the world is becoming alarming especially within the recent decades. This makes it necessary to Identify and delineate flood risk areas within cities in order to curb it menace. This study employs geospatial technique to delineate flood risk areas within Kano metropolis with a view to mitigating its impact on lives and properties. Digital Elevation Model (ASTER DEM 30m) was used to derive excess surface runoff attributes including flow direction and accumulation. Based on these attributes, flood risk areas were determined and delineated using buffer distances of 500 meters. World View image (30 cm spatial resolution) was used to identify the landuses at risk. The result from the analysis delineated flood risk areas at varying exposure levels (i.e high, moderate and low).It was evident that flood risk level within the metropolis corresponds to the pattern of surface runoff flow accumulation areas. Settlements and farmlands found within high accumulation areas along the floodplains of River Jakara (in the North and Northeastern part) and Kano-Zaria road (southern part) are at higher risk than those found on low accumulation areas. The study concluded that excess surface runoff flow direction and accumulation are among the fundamental factors determining the risk to urban flooding. The study recommends that with the ongoing level of urban development and impervious surface expansion, urban planners and policy makers should make use of the flow direction and accumulation maps in determining safer places for future developments.

IJRESTs, 2015

Landslides in Western Ghats of India, particularly within Nilgiris district have been impacting n... more Landslides in Western Ghats of India, particularly within Nilgiris district have been impacting negatively on the social and economic lives of the people. As a result, appropriate management measures needs to be adequately taken to reduce the risk from potential landslides. This study aimed at delineating and ranking landslide potential zones in order to minimize its future threat within Nilgiris district. Several methods including geospatial, quantitative, empirical and statistical methods have been used exclusively or simultaneously for delineating and ranking landslides vulnerability. This study examines landslide vulnerable areas in Nilgiris district using a comparative approach. Geospatial analysis and Landslide Susceptibility Values (LSV) analysis from Frequency Ratio techniques were implemented and the outputs were comparatively analyzed. Multi Influencing Factor (MIF) method has been used for the computation of the weightages and weighted-overlay analysis was performed using GIS. In LSV method, susceptibility factor for each parameter has been computed at sub-category level. Slope, Aspect, Rainfall, Lineament density, Drainage density, Geological Formation, Soil types and Land use/Land cover were used as the input parameters and were obtained from LANDSAT 8, CARTOSAT DEM and other agencies like Survey of India, Geological Survey of India. The output maps were ranked into four zones (Very Low, Low, Moderate and High prone zones) based on the degree of potential threat. The results were comparatively analyzed and validated by ground-truthing and superimposing landslides inventory data (reference data). The most accurate output map is determined and recommended for strategic and developmental planning so as to minimize landslides future threats in Nilgiris district.

International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2019

The need for modeling response to urban fire disaster cannot be over emphasized, as recurrent fir... more The need for modeling response to urban fire disaster cannot be over emphasized, as recurrent fire outbreaks have gutted most cities of the world. This necessitated the need for a prompt and efficient response system in order to mitigate the impact of the disaster. Promptness, as a function of time, is seen to be the fundamental determinant for efficiency of a response system and magnitude of a fire disaster. Delay, as a result of several factors, is one of the major determinants of promptgness of a response system and also the magnitude of a fire disaster. Response Delay Model (RDM) intends to bridge the gap in urban fire disaster response system through incorporating and synchronizing the delay moments in measuring the overall efficiency of a response system and determining the magnitude of a fire disaster. The model identified two delay moments (pre-notification and Intra-reflex sequence delay) that can be elastic and collectively plays a significant role in influencing the efficiency of a response system. Due to variation in the elasticity of the delay moments, the model provides for measuring the length of delays in order to arrive at a standard average delay moment for different parts of the world, putting into consideration geographic location, level of preparedness and awareness, technological advancement, socioeconomic and environmental factors. It is recommended that participatory researches should be embarked on locally and globally to determine standard average delay moments within each phase of the system so as to enable determining the efficiency of response systems and predicting fire disaster magnitudes.

CONFLUENCE JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, 2019

Abstract Increase in population and urban growth in the last decade have necessitated the need fo... more Abstract
Increase in population and urban growth in the last decade have necessitated the need for more automobiles to
enable efficient movement of goods and passengers within and outside Dutse town. This resulted into the
proliferation of filling stations due to rise in demand for fuel. This study examined the spatial distribution of petrol
filling stations and their level of locational compliance to the DPR standards. It also assesses their fire safety
preparedness with a view to influencing the implementation of urban fire safety regulations for sustainable
development. All the existing filling stations were purposively sampled and Global Positioning System (GPS) was used
to collect their locational and attribute information. Additionally, same information about the existing urban critical
infrastructure was collected to enable checking for compliance. Questionnaire survey and field observations the data
collection process. Nearest Neighbor Analysis (NNA), Spatial Query and Buffer Analysis were used to determine the
distribution pattern and level of compliance to the setback standards respectively. The result shows a random
distribution pattern with all filling stations complying with the 15m setback from the road and 100m minimum
setback from critical infrastructures. However, more than 50% have not complied with the 400m distance apart
between consecutive stations. Levels of preparedness were ranked based on the adequacy, functionality and
sophistication of the available extinguishing facilities. It is recommended that implementation of setback standards
and safety preparedness policies should be improved for sustainable urban development.

Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, Vol. 1 No. 1, Sept. 2018: CDRMDS- ABU Zaria. ISSN: 2682-6291, 2019

The proliferation of Telecommunication Base Stations (TBS) in most cities of Nigeria as a result ... more The proliferation of Telecommunication Base Stations (TBS) in most cities of Nigeria as a result of increase in the demand for telecommunication has become alarming, especially as proximity to the TBS has been attributed to health implications. Divergent views about the health implications have resulted into crises and yet inconclusive decisions. This paper examined the spatial distribution of the TBS with a view to identifying vulnerable residents and influencing the implementation of risk and disaster policies for safe and sustainable cities. Absolute location of the TBS were collected through GPS survey, landuse data was extracted from Quick Bird image of the study area and average population per residence from 15 randomly selected TBS were selected for analysis. Five (5) residences within each 100m distance were selected and enumerated based on availability sampling. Nearest neighbor and buffer analysis were conducted to examine the spatial pattern of the TBS and to determine vulnerability zones respectively. The result revealed a random distribution with vulnerability at various levels (i.e low, moderate, high). About 1,064 households occupied by over 7,378 residents (about 1%) from the total population are exposed to the effect of the radiation at various levels. The study concluded that global politics, Information Technology market and social factors are the key drivers influencing exposing the health implications associated with the TBS. It is recommended that the use multiple carrier platforms should be encouraged in order to reduce the number of the TBS and also planners should regulate and make provisions for TBS in the city's future plan for sustainable development.

Nigerian Journal of Tropical Geography Dantata et al. Vol. 8, No. 2, , 2017

Rapid increase in population and urbanization is obvious in the capital city of Nigeria (Abuja) s... more Rapid increase in population and urbanization is obvious in the capital city of Nigeria (Abuja) since its creation. However, the growth population and urbanization have led to over stretching of the land and existing infrastructures as a result of increase in human activities (social, economic and political), demand for land, services and basic amenities. Excessive human activities in production of goods and services, market places, residential activities have resulted into recurring of fire incidences in the city and also increase in vulnerability of various infrastructures. The study aimed at examining the trend and spatial distribution of fire incidences (from 2014-2016) thereby identifying the most vulnerable infrastructures. GIS techniques was used for examining the trend and the spatial distribution of the incidences using the GPS data of fire incidents obtained from the fire stations. Vulnerability of various landuses was examined and it was found that the most vulnerable landuses in the study area are residential and industrial area accounting for about 27% and 23% respectively. In 2014 the division attended to 182 emergency calls and the worth of properties saved and properties loss is N4.19billion and N1.04 billion respectively. The number of lives saved reached up to about 458 persons and the number of lives lost is around 144 persons. In 2015 the division attended to 151 calls and the worth of properties saved and lost is N3.1 billion and N109 million respectively. While the lives lost and lives saved stand at 172 persons and 65 persons respectively. In 2016 the division attended to 113 calls and the properties lost and saved worth N2.4 billion and N98 million respectively while lives saved and lost stand at 82 persons and 32 persons respectively. Variation in the worth of properties and lives lost and saved depend on the proximity, effectiveness and promptness in response by the firefighting officers. Location allocation analysis was used to determine optimal location for new fire stations and hydrants as a strategy to reduce fire hazard in the study area. The study identified optimal locations within which firefighting stations can be established to enable prompt response within the city.

Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences (DUJOPAS) Vol. 4 No. , 2018

he city of Abuja is expanding rapidly in almost all directions, along the major highways, extendi... more he city of Abuja is expanding rapidly in almost all directions, along the major highways, extending at a faster rate towards the adjacent rural areas thereby replacing the natural vegetation cover surrounding the main city. However, adequate attention has not been given to monitoring the spatio-temporal trend and also measuring the rate and pattern of the urban encroachment into the forest resources and farmlands of the adjacent villages. As a result, synergy was formed with Landsat imageries of 1986, 2001 and 2016 covering the study area. Change detection analysis reveals that, there was an increase in the built-up area by 61.19km 2 and 78.20km 2 between 1986 and 2001and 2001 and 2016 respectively with a corresponding annual rate of expansion of 32.9% and 7.09%. The analysis reveals that urban growth within the Federal Capital City (FCC) during the first period (1986-2001), encroached and replaced about 12.05km 2 (16.38%) area of agricultural land, 49.23km 2 (66.91%) of forest, and 3.00km 2 (4.08%) of open and bare area. However, in the second period (2001-2016), 59.54km 2 representing 39.23% of the total forest and shrubs was converted to built-up. Also, 22.32km 2 (14.71%) of agricultural areas and 15.31km 2 (10.09%) of open/bare area were converted to urban structures. About 33km 2 of agricultural land and over 110km 2 area of forest resources have been converted to urban throughout the study period. The study finds out that there is a direct relationship between urban growth and demand for agricultural land in the study area and an inverse relationship between urban growth and forest resource area. This by implication means that, increase in urban growth have led to increase in the demand for agricultural land (i.e urban area increased from 12.37km 2-151.8km 2 , with a corresponding increase in agricultural area from 38.90km 2-88.35km 2 between 1986 to 2016 respectively).The study predicts that at this rate of growth, the forest resources will be totally depleted by 2046 (in the next 30 years). The study recommends that the current growth pattern needs to be monitored and managed effectively through strategic planning so as to avoid total depletion of the natural environment as well T as emergence of unplanned settlements such as slums and ghettos. Serious attention should be geared towards providing more facilities to support the growth and job opportunities to avoid the emergence of social vices.