Sumanth Raj - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Sumanth Raj

Lillie Carroll Jackson and Lillian Lottier were social and political activist in Baltimore, Maryl... more Lillie Carroll Jackson and Lillian Lottier were social and political activist in Baltimore, Maryland whose contributions have been ignored in the narrative of the movement for equality. Lillie Jackson was the long standing president of the Baltimore branch of the NAACP and Lillian Lottier was a tireless community activist. They are both reflective of grassroots organizing such as fundraising and voter registration drives as well as central figures in Baltimore's political arena. The inclusion of their lives to the historical record expands the understanding of the African American freedom struggle in the United States as a protracted process. It also adds support to the idea that women were key figures in the struggle for social change and justice. Furthermore, since women's contributions cannot be accurately analyzed without discourse on gender relations, this research offers a gendered analysis in relation to civil rights activities. Utilizing a Black feminist framework th...

Indian Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 2020

Ulnar artery aneurysms are very rare, usually caused by repetitive blunt trauma to the ulnar arte... more Ulnar artery aneurysms are very rare, usually caused by repetitive blunt trauma to the ulnar artery, leading to the formation of an aneurysm. Other etiologies reported in the literature were vasculitis, anatomic abnormalities, or infections. This case report is regarding a 29-year-old male who presented with proximal ulnar artery aneurysm with distal embolization. He underwent aneurysm resection with ligation of the ulnar artery. Histopathology of the aneurysmal wall showed true aneurysm of the ulnar artery.

Indian Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 2019

Brachioradial (BR) artery also known as “radial artery of high origin” is the most common anatomi... more Brachioradial (BR) artery also known as “radial artery of high origin” is the most common anatomical variation in the upper extremity arterial system. However, the clinical significance of this variation is rarely recognized in daily practice. This article reports the case of a 40-year-old male patient who presented with anastomotic pseudoaneurysm of an arteriovenous fistula, which had been created between the BR artery and median cubital vein in the antecubital fossa. The patient underwent aneurysm excision with repair of BR artery. Postoperative period was uneventful.

Indian Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 2019

Objective: Complete ulcer healing is one of the most important goals of treatment for chronic lim... more Objective: Complete ulcer healing is one of the most important goals of treatment for chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI). The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors of delayed wound healing in CLTI after successful revascularization. Methods: We analyzed factors affecting ischemic wound healing following successful revascularization through a prospective, nonrandomized, single–center, observational study conducted at Jain Institute of Vascular Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. We have also analyzed wound healing rate, wound healing time (WHT), and limb salvage rate based on wound locations and WIfI stage in this study. 113 patients with CLTI (Rutherford category 5 and 6) who had undergone successful primary revascularization between August 2017 and August 2018 (13 months) were included in this study with a follow-up of 6 months. Results: The wound healing rates were 0% (1st month), 36.3% (3rd month), and 40.7% (6th month), and the cumulative wound healing rate was 77%. The median WHT was 95 days (WIfI Stage 3) and 105 days (WIfI Stage 4) and the overall limb salvage rate was 91.2%. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed the following as independent predictors of wound nonhealing after initial successful revascularization: WIfI stage 4 (hazard ratio [HR], 0.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.2–0.4; P ≤ 0.001); diabetes mellitus (HR, 6.5; 95% CI, 1.3–32.08; P = 0.020); HbA1C >6.5 (HR, 5.1; 95% CI, 1.0–24.9; P = 0.043); and serum albumin <3.20 g/dl (HR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.3–6.2; P = 0.008). Conclusions: Hence, we recommend that successful revascularization alone does not contribute to complete wound healing and other factors influencing ischemic wound healing have to be addressed and be a part of treatment armamentarium.

Indian Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 2018

Chronic venous hypertension as a result of May—Thurner syndrome (MTS) and subsequent venous throm... more Chronic venous hypertension as a result of May—Thurner syndrome (MTS) and subsequent venous thrombosis is a frequently observed clinical condition. However, a postthrombotic arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is a phenomenon not reported commonly. Such conditions have been treated surgically and by endovascular approach — embolization or stenting. We present a case of concomitant MTS and pelvic AVF in a patient with recurrent deep vein thrombosis, who also had lumbar laminectomy in the past, resulting in massive and debilitating left lower extremity edema and bleeding varices in the left lateral thigh, which was successfully treated with the placement of stent graft/stent in both arterial and venous systems.

Indian Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 2019

Mycotic aneurysm of the aortoiliac region remains a life-threatening condition, especially if an ... more Mycotic aneurysm of the aortoiliac region remains a life-threatening condition, especially if an aneurysm has already ruptured by the time of surgery. The mortality is increased further when it is associated with Salmonella infections, especially in the presence of risk factors for atherosclerosis. We report a case of a 50-year-old man who presented with ruptured mycotic aneurysm of the left common iliac artery secondary to infection with Salmonella paratyphi. He underwent emergent endovascular repair of the aneurysm with the “bare stent-graft technique.” Postoperative recovery was eventful. This case demonstrates that it is possible to safely manage mycotic aneurysms by endovascular means, following targeted perioperative antibiotic therapy.

Indian Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 2019

A 48-year-old women with a subcutaneous vascular leiomyoma of the right leg, presented with pain ... more A 48-year-old women with a subcutaneous vascular leiomyoma of the right leg, presented with pain in the right mid-leg medial aspect. Clinical symptoms, radiological images, and histopathological features are reported. Vascular leiomyoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of painful lower-extremity subcutaneous lesions.

Indian Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 2019

Rationale: Spontaneous isolated dissection of the superior mesenteric artery (SID-SMA) is a rare ... more Rationale: Spontaneous isolated dissection of the superior mesenteric artery (SID-SMA) is a rare arterial disease that is difficult to differentiate from other diseases because of lack of specific clinical manifestation and for which there is no available optimal management strategy. Patient concerns: A 58-year-old male patient visited our emergency room with sudden onset of moderate-severe epigastric abdominal pain of uncertain cause. Diagnoses: Computed tomography scanning showed a characteristic "double lumen sign" of the superior mesenteric artery, and further computed tomography angiography findings revealed a dissected segment of the superior mesenteric artery. Interventions: Conservative management was administered for 5 days, but the abdominal pain remained. Subsequently, an endovascular stent was placed in the affected superior mesenteric artery. Postoperative antiplatelet therapy was administered for 6 months. Outcomes: The abdominal pain was relieved. Six months later, a follow-up of computed tomography angiography showed that the stent placed had no interval narrowing. Lessons: Based on our review and the illustration of this case, endovascular stenting may be a preferred rescue treatment in SID-SMA patients for whom initial conservative treatment fails. Abbreviations: CT = computed tomography, CTA = computed tomography angiography, MRI = magnetic resonance imaging, SID-SMA = spontaneous isolated dissection of the superior mesenteric artery.

JACC. Cardiovascular interventions, Jan 22, 2016

This study sought to assess the risk of target lesion revascularization (TLR) and all-cause death... more This study sought to assess the risk of target lesion revascularization (TLR) and all-cause death at 12 months and at the maximum available follow-up. Secondary objectives included the identification of factors which could have influenced general findings. Recently several randomized trials comparing drug-coated balloon (DCB) with conventional plain balloon (PB) for the treatment of femoropopliteal artery disease have been reported, but no updated meta-analyses are available and questions remain surrounding the long-term antirestenotic effectiveness of the 2 therapies. We searched main electronic databases for randomized trials comparing DCB and PB for femoropopliteal artery disease. Random effects models were used to estimate the risk of TLR and all-cause death at 12 months, whereas long-term TLR and death risk were assessed by mixed effects Poisson regression models and incident rates of each outcome per patient-year. Main analyses were supplemented by sensitivity analyses, Bayesi...

Physical Review E, 2015

Information processing in living cells frequently involves an exchange of peripheral membrane pro... more Information processing in living cells frequently involves an exchange of peripheral membrane proteins between the cytosol and organelle membranes. The typical time scale r of these association-dissociation cycles is commonly quantified in vivo via fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). Contrary to common assumptions, we show here that r values determined by FRAP depend on the size and number of target structures. Hence, FRAP times alone are insufficient to draw conclusions about the proteins' binding kinetics. In contrast, extracting primary molecular association and dissociation rates from FRAP approaches provides a size-independent and therefore robust measure for the proteins' binding kinetics. We support our theoretical considerations with experiments on the small GTPase Arf-1 that transiently associates with Golgi membranes: While Arf-1 recovery times in untreated cells and in cells with disrupted microtubules are significantly different, the molecular kinetic rates are shown to be the same in both cases.

Linguistic Semantics, 1995

Visual Neuroscience, 1993

In a dichromatic teleost species, we determined the intensity of light of various wavelengths req... more In a dichromatic teleost species, we determined the intensity of light of various wavelengths required to prevent cone elongation by exposing fish at the time of their normal “dusk” phase to monochromatic light (479, 623, and 660 nm) at eight to ten different intensities for 75 min. The positions of single and double cones were measured in tangential sections and expressed as cone indices. At all wavelengths, the spectral responses of both cone types were virtually identical. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the blocking effect was highest at shorter wavelengths. When comparing the relative quantal sensitivities of myoid elongation for the two cone types to the spectral sensitivities of the three types of Aequidens pulcher photoreceptor, we found the closest match between the action spectrum and the absorption spectrum of the green-sensitive single cones. This may indicate that this cone type is capable of reacting directly to decreasing levels of illumination. On the other hand, the...

Tetrahedron Letters, 2007

In the presence of copper(I) salts, 3-bromo-or 3-iodoisoxazoles undergo isoxazole ring opening to... more In the presence of copper(I) salts, 3-bromo-or 3-iodoisoxazoles undergo isoxazole ring opening to give keto amines that can undergo further one-pot cascade cross-coupling/recyclization transformation into an extended flat polyaromatic ring system that can provide an interesting new platform for the design of DNA intercalators. If necessary, the three-step reaction cascade can be interrupted at a desired intermediate step through a judicious choice of reaction temperature and catalyst.

Journal of Vascular Surgery, 2008

Background: Peripheral arterial disease is a significant problem worldwide. In developing countri... more Background: Peripheral arterial disease is a significant problem worldwide. In developing countries such as India, the increased incidence of smoking and other forms of nicotine intake has resulted in a large proportion of young individuals with Buerger's disease. The results of surgical and endovascular treatment for this condition have not been very rewarding. Hence, we focused on providing alternative therapies. Neovascularization by autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation is being tried as an alternative therapeutic option. We have reviewed our series of patients who underwent autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation during the last 2 years. Methods: We enrolled 38 patients who were chosen to undergo autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation for nonreconstructible Buerger's disease. We injected the bone marrow mononuclear cells into the calf muscles of the affected limbs in 36 patients. We monitored ulcer healing, ankle-brachial index (ABI), and transcutaneous oximetry (TcPO 2) level. Results: No procedurally related complications occurred, although one injected sample of bone marrow aspirate later revealed infestation with Strongyloides stercoralis. Two patients were seropositive on the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test and were not injected with the bone marrow mononuclear cells. Three patients (12%) underwent major amputations <6 months. The others had improvements in their ulcer healing, an increase in the mean ABI of 0.14 (range, 0.1-0.19; P < .01), and improvement in the mean TcPO 2 of 52 mm Hg (range, 40-68 mm Hg, P < .01), with resultant limb salvage in all at 6 months. All patients discontinued smoking during the study period. Conclusions: Use of bone marrow-derived progenitor cell transplantation into ischemic limbs is a relatively safe procedure with no demonstrable side effects at 6 months. These study data support conducting controlled and multicenter trials to evaluate the efficacy of this therapy in preventing amputation in selected patients with Buerger's disease who have critical limb ischemia.

Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 2000

Background: A continuous pullback system is frequently used for acquisition of 3D-EUS images. How... more Background: A continuous pullback system is frequently used for acquisition of 3D-EUS images. However, free-hand systems have been used to obtain arbitrary volumes of data enabling flexible use of external ultrasound (US) probes. Aim: To test the performance in vitro and in vivo of a miniature magnetic sensor for endoluminal 3D-EUS. Methods: A miniature magnetic 6D position and orientation measurement system (POM)(Mini-Bird TM) was used to track different types of radial scanning endoluminal US probes. A precise six-degree of freedom digital position measurement table allowed a quantitative comparison of different probes and noisy influences from operating room environment. We used a non-ferric/non-magnetic endoscope (MRI), (prototype MRI-endoscope, GF-MR30C, Olympus Co., Tokyo Japan), with or without 12-(UM2R) and 20MHz (UM3R) miniature radial scanning US probes or an echoendoscope (GFUM). The performance is presented as mean difference between test values and control (mm ± 2SD), expressed as relative values, and/or correlation coefficients (r). 3D-EUS image reconstruction was evaluated on phantoms in vitro and finally in esophagus or stomach in anestesized pigs using frame-grabbed video images. Results: The receiver could be mounted on the endoscope tip or US scanheads. The 6D position an orientation measurement system allowed very good correlation (r=0,99), and was able to locate points with high accuracy (0,75 ± 2,60 mm), compared to absolute positions, over its specified operating range of 50 cm. The POM system was rather insensitive to errors resulting from eddy currents in conducting materials and interference from medical equipment near the receiver, typical 0,09 ± 0,20 mm, r=1,0. The relative performance when the POM was combined with different endoluminal probes was, UM2R (0,20 ± 0,42 mm, r= 0,99), UM3R (0,20 ± 0,50 mm, r= 0,99), MRI (0,85 ± 1,10 mm, r=0,99), GFUM (1.80 ± 1,88 mm, r=99. Software reconstruction based on free hand EUS scanning and POM registration resulted in accurate 3D-EUS images of the phantoms, gastrointestinal wall and adjacent structures that could be evaluated in a multiplane fashion. Conclusions: The performance of the POM system was similar if ferric or non-ferric probes were used for radial scanning EUS. 3D-EUS image reconstruction could be performed using free hand scanning in vitro and in animal organs. Combination of 3D-EUS/POM registration may enable better description of true topographic relations and accurate volume measurements using 3D-EUS.

Clinical Social Work Journal, 1979

日本血管外科学会雑誌= The …, 2009

... Vishnu; Jain Institute of Vascular Sciences, Bhagawan Mahaveer Jain Hospital. RAJ Sumanth;Jai... more ... Vishnu; Jain Institute of Vascular Sciences, Bhagawan Mahaveer Jain Hospital. RAJ Sumanth;Jain Institute of Vascular Sciences, Bhagawan Mahaveer Jain Hospital. GIRIJA KR; Jain Institute of Vascular Sciences, Bhagawan Mahaveer Jain Hospital. 本文を読む／探す. ...

BMJ, 1992

Objective-To obtain data on sexual contact between doctors and their patients. Design-Anonymous q... more Objective-To obtain data on sexual contact between doctors and their patients. Design-Anonymous questionnaire with 17 items sent to all working gynaecologists (n=595) and all ear, nose, and throat specialists (n=380) in the Netherlands. Results-Response rate was 74%; a total 64 doctors gave a reason for not completing the questionnaire. 201 (59%) male gynaecologists and 128 (56%) male ear nose, and throat specialists indicated that sexual feelings are acceptable in the doctor-patient relationship; 286 (85%) and 186 (81%), respectively, had felt sexually attracted to a patient at some time, as had 14 (27%) female gynaecologists. More than half (59%) of the doctors who indicated that sexual feelings are unacceptable in the doctor-patient relationship had experienced these feelings, and 91% of this group had a negative attitude towards these feelings. 4% of respondents in each group had had actual sexual contact with patients. Most gynaecologists were in favour of having more attention paid to sexual problems during training; having their professional society take an official viewpoint; subsequent public support of this viewpoint; and taking on an impartial counsellor for the patients as well as the doctors. Conclusion-Sexuality exists in the doctor-patient relationship. Gynaecologists have a higher risk of having sexual contact with their patients than do ear, nose, and throat specialists but compensate for this greater risk by a higher state of recognition and acknowledgement.

Lillie Carroll Jackson and Lillian Lottier were social and political activist in Baltimore, Maryl... more Lillie Carroll Jackson and Lillian Lottier were social and political activist in Baltimore, Maryland whose contributions have been ignored in the narrative of the movement for equality. Lillie Jackson was the long standing president of the Baltimore branch of the NAACP and Lillian Lottier was a tireless community activist. They are both reflective of grassroots organizing such as fundraising and voter registration drives as well as central figures in Baltimore's political arena. The inclusion of their lives to the historical record expands the understanding of the African American freedom struggle in the United States as a protracted process. It also adds support to the idea that women were key figures in the struggle for social change and justice. Furthermore, since women's contributions cannot be accurately analyzed without discourse on gender relations, this research offers a gendered analysis in relation to civil rights activities. Utilizing a Black feminist framework th...

Indian Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 2020

Ulnar artery aneurysms are very rare, usually caused by repetitive blunt trauma to the ulnar arte... more Ulnar artery aneurysms are very rare, usually caused by repetitive blunt trauma to the ulnar artery, leading to the formation of an aneurysm. Other etiologies reported in the literature were vasculitis, anatomic abnormalities, or infections. This case report is regarding a 29-year-old male who presented with proximal ulnar artery aneurysm with distal embolization. He underwent aneurysm resection with ligation of the ulnar artery. Histopathology of the aneurysmal wall showed true aneurysm of the ulnar artery.

Indian Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 2019

Brachioradial (BR) artery also known as “radial artery of high origin” is the most common anatomi... more Brachioradial (BR) artery also known as “radial artery of high origin” is the most common anatomical variation in the upper extremity arterial system. However, the clinical significance of this variation is rarely recognized in daily practice. This article reports the case of a 40-year-old male patient who presented with anastomotic pseudoaneurysm of an arteriovenous fistula, which had been created between the BR artery and median cubital vein in the antecubital fossa. The patient underwent aneurysm excision with repair of BR artery. Postoperative period was uneventful.

Indian Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 2019

Objective: Complete ulcer healing is one of the most important goals of treatment for chronic lim... more Objective: Complete ulcer healing is one of the most important goals of treatment for chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI). The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors of delayed wound healing in CLTI after successful revascularization. Methods: We analyzed factors affecting ischemic wound healing following successful revascularization through a prospective, nonrandomized, single–center, observational study conducted at Jain Institute of Vascular Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. We have also analyzed wound healing rate, wound healing time (WHT), and limb salvage rate based on wound locations and WIfI stage in this study. 113 patients with CLTI (Rutherford category 5 and 6) who had undergone successful primary revascularization between August 2017 and August 2018 (13 months) were included in this study with a follow-up of 6 months. Results: The wound healing rates were 0% (1st month), 36.3% (3rd month), and 40.7% (6th month), and the cumulative wound healing rate was 77%. The median WHT was 95 days (WIfI Stage 3) and 105 days (WIfI Stage 4) and the overall limb salvage rate was 91.2%. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed the following as independent predictors of wound nonhealing after initial successful revascularization: WIfI stage 4 (hazard ratio [HR], 0.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.2–0.4; P ≤ 0.001); diabetes mellitus (HR, 6.5; 95% CI, 1.3–32.08; P = 0.020); HbA1C >6.5 (HR, 5.1; 95% CI, 1.0–24.9; P = 0.043); and serum albumin <3.20 g/dl (HR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.3–6.2; P = 0.008). Conclusions: Hence, we recommend that successful revascularization alone does not contribute to complete wound healing and other factors influencing ischemic wound healing have to be addressed and be a part of treatment armamentarium.

Indian Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 2018

Chronic venous hypertension as a result of May—Thurner syndrome (MTS) and subsequent venous throm... more Chronic venous hypertension as a result of May—Thurner syndrome (MTS) and subsequent venous thrombosis is a frequently observed clinical condition. However, a postthrombotic arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is a phenomenon not reported commonly. Such conditions have been treated surgically and by endovascular approach — embolization or stenting. We present a case of concomitant MTS and pelvic AVF in a patient with recurrent deep vein thrombosis, who also had lumbar laminectomy in the past, resulting in massive and debilitating left lower extremity edema and bleeding varices in the left lateral thigh, which was successfully treated with the placement of stent graft/stent in both arterial and venous systems.

Indian Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 2019

Mycotic aneurysm of the aortoiliac region remains a life-threatening condition, especially if an ... more Mycotic aneurysm of the aortoiliac region remains a life-threatening condition, especially if an aneurysm has already ruptured by the time of surgery. The mortality is increased further when it is associated with Salmonella infections, especially in the presence of risk factors for atherosclerosis. We report a case of a 50-year-old man who presented with ruptured mycotic aneurysm of the left common iliac artery secondary to infection with Salmonella paratyphi. He underwent emergent endovascular repair of the aneurysm with the “bare stent-graft technique.” Postoperative recovery was eventful. This case demonstrates that it is possible to safely manage mycotic aneurysms by endovascular means, following targeted perioperative antibiotic therapy.

Indian Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 2019

A 48-year-old women with a subcutaneous vascular leiomyoma of the right leg, presented with pain ... more A 48-year-old women with a subcutaneous vascular leiomyoma of the right leg, presented with pain in the right mid-leg medial aspect. Clinical symptoms, radiological images, and histopathological features are reported. Vascular leiomyoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of painful lower-extremity subcutaneous lesions.

Indian Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 2019

Rationale: Spontaneous isolated dissection of the superior mesenteric artery (SID-SMA) is a rare ... more Rationale: Spontaneous isolated dissection of the superior mesenteric artery (SID-SMA) is a rare arterial disease that is difficult to differentiate from other diseases because of lack of specific clinical manifestation and for which there is no available optimal management strategy. Patient concerns: A 58-year-old male patient visited our emergency room with sudden onset of moderate-severe epigastric abdominal pain of uncertain cause. Diagnoses: Computed tomography scanning showed a characteristic "double lumen sign" of the superior mesenteric artery, and further computed tomography angiography findings revealed a dissected segment of the superior mesenteric artery. Interventions: Conservative management was administered for 5 days, but the abdominal pain remained. Subsequently, an endovascular stent was placed in the affected superior mesenteric artery. Postoperative antiplatelet therapy was administered for 6 months. Outcomes: The abdominal pain was relieved. Six months later, a follow-up of computed tomography angiography showed that the stent placed had no interval narrowing. Lessons: Based on our review and the illustration of this case, endovascular stenting may be a preferred rescue treatment in SID-SMA patients for whom initial conservative treatment fails. Abbreviations: CT = computed tomography, CTA = computed tomography angiography, MRI = magnetic resonance imaging, SID-SMA = spontaneous isolated dissection of the superior mesenteric artery.

JACC. Cardiovascular interventions, Jan 22, 2016

This study sought to assess the risk of target lesion revascularization (TLR) and all-cause death... more This study sought to assess the risk of target lesion revascularization (TLR) and all-cause death at 12 months and at the maximum available follow-up. Secondary objectives included the identification of factors which could have influenced general findings. Recently several randomized trials comparing drug-coated balloon (DCB) with conventional plain balloon (PB) for the treatment of femoropopliteal artery disease have been reported, but no updated meta-analyses are available and questions remain surrounding the long-term antirestenotic effectiveness of the 2 therapies. We searched main electronic databases for randomized trials comparing DCB and PB for femoropopliteal artery disease. Random effects models were used to estimate the risk of TLR and all-cause death at 12 months, whereas long-term TLR and death risk were assessed by mixed effects Poisson regression models and incident rates of each outcome per patient-year. Main analyses were supplemented by sensitivity analyses, Bayesi...

Physical Review E, 2015

Information processing in living cells frequently involves an exchange of peripheral membrane pro... more Information processing in living cells frequently involves an exchange of peripheral membrane proteins between the cytosol and organelle membranes. The typical time scale r of these association-dissociation cycles is commonly quantified in vivo via fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). Contrary to common assumptions, we show here that r values determined by FRAP depend on the size and number of target structures. Hence, FRAP times alone are insufficient to draw conclusions about the proteins' binding kinetics. In contrast, extracting primary molecular association and dissociation rates from FRAP approaches provides a size-independent and therefore robust measure for the proteins' binding kinetics. We support our theoretical considerations with experiments on the small GTPase Arf-1 that transiently associates with Golgi membranes: While Arf-1 recovery times in untreated cells and in cells with disrupted microtubules are significantly different, the molecular kinetic rates are shown to be the same in both cases.

Linguistic Semantics, 1995

Visual Neuroscience, 1993

In a dichromatic teleost species, we determined the intensity of light of various wavelengths req... more In a dichromatic teleost species, we determined the intensity of light of various wavelengths required to prevent cone elongation by exposing fish at the time of their normal “dusk” phase to monochromatic light (479, 623, and 660 nm) at eight to ten different intensities for 75 min. The positions of single and double cones were measured in tangential sections and expressed as cone indices. At all wavelengths, the spectral responses of both cone types were virtually identical. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the blocking effect was highest at shorter wavelengths. When comparing the relative quantal sensitivities of myoid elongation for the two cone types to the spectral sensitivities of the three types of Aequidens pulcher photoreceptor, we found the closest match between the action spectrum and the absorption spectrum of the green-sensitive single cones. This may indicate that this cone type is capable of reacting directly to decreasing levels of illumination. On the other hand, the...

Tetrahedron Letters, 2007

In the presence of copper(I) salts, 3-bromo-or 3-iodoisoxazoles undergo isoxazole ring opening to... more In the presence of copper(I) salts, 3-bromo-or 3-iodoisoxazoles undergo isoxazole ring opening to give keto amines that can undergo further one-pot cascade cross-coupling/recyclization transformation into an extended flat polyaromatic ring system that can provide an interesting new platform for the design of DNA intercalators. If necessary, the three-step reaction cascade can be interrupted at a desired intermediate step through a judicious choice of reaction temperature and catalyst.

Journal of Vascular Surgery, 2008

Background: Peripheral arterial disease is a significant problem worldwide. In developing countri... more Background: Peripheral arterial disease is a significant problem worldwide. In developing countries such as India, the increased incidence of smoking and other forms of nicotine intake has resulted in a large proportion of young individuals with Buerger's disease. The results of surgical and endovascular treatment for this condition have not been very rewarding. Hence, we focused on providing alternative therapies. Neovascularization by autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation is being tried as an alternative therapeutic option. We have reviewed our series of patients who underwent autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation during the last 2 years. Methods: We enrolled 38 patients who were chosen to undergo autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation for nonreconstructible Buerger's disease. We injected the bone marrow mononuclear cells into the calf muscles of the affected limbs in 36 patients. We monitored ulcer healing, ankle-brachial index (ABI), and transcutaneous oximetry (TcPO 2) level. Results: No procedurally related complications occurred, although one injected sample of bone marrow aspirate later revealed infestation with Strongyloides stercoralis. Two patients were seropositive on the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test and were not injected with the bone marrow mononuclear cells. Three patients (12%) underwent major amputations <6 months. The others had improvements in their ulcer healing, an increase in the mean ABI of 0.14 (range, 0.1-0.19; P < .01), and improvement in the mean TcPO 2 of 52 mm Hg (range, 40-68 mm Hg, P < .01), with resultant limb salvage in all at 6 months. All patients discontinued smoking during the study period. Conclusions: Use of bone marrow-derived progenitor cell transplantation into ischemic limbs is a relatively safe procedure with no demonstrable side effects at 6 months. These study data support conducting controlled and multicenter trials to evaluate the efficacy of this therapy in preventing amputation in selected patients with Buerger's disease who have critical limb ischemia.

Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 2000

Background: A continuous pullback system is frequently used for acquisition of 3D-EUS images. How... more Background: A continuous pullback system is frequently used for acquisition of 3D-EUS images. However, free-hand systems have been used to obtain arbitrary volumes of data enabling flexible use of external ultrasound (US) probes. Aim: To test the performance in vitro and in vivo of a miniature magnetic sensor for endoluminal 3D-EUS. Methods: A miniature magnetic 6D position and orientation measurement system (POM)(Mini-Bird TM) was used to track different types of radial scanning endoluminal US probes. A precise six-degree of freedom digital position measurement table allowed a quantitative comparison of different probes and noisy influences from operating room environment. We used a non-ferric/non-magnetic endoscope (MRI), (prototype MRI-endoscope, GF-MR30C, Olympus Co., Tokyo Japan), with or without 12-(UM2R) and 20MHz (UM3R) miniature radial scanning US probes or an echoendoscope (GFUM). The performance is presented as mean difference between test values and control (mm ± 2SD), expressed as relative values, and/or correlation coefficients (r). 3D-EUS image reconstruction was evaluated on phantoms in vitro and finally in esophagus or stomach in anestesized pigs using frame-grabbed video images. Results: The receiver could be mounted on the endoscope tip or US scanheads. The 6D position an orientation measurement system allowed very good correlation (r=0,99), and was able to locate points with high accuracy (0,75 ± 2,60 mm), compared to absolute positions, over its specified operating range of 50 cm. The POM system was rather insensitive to errors resulting from eddy currents in conducting materials and interference from medical equipment near the receiver, typical 0,09 ± 0,20 mm, r=1,0. The relative performance when the POM was combined with different endoluminal probes was, UM2R (0,20 ± 0,42 mm, r= 0,99), UM3R (0,20 ± 0,50 mm, r= 0,99), MRI (0,85 ± 1,10 mm, r=0,99), GFUM (1.80 ± 1,88 mm, r=99. Software reconstruction based on free hand EUS scanning and POM registration resulted in accurate 3D-EUS images of the phantoms, gastrointestinal wall and adjacent structures that could be evaluated in a multiplane fashion. Conclusions: The performance of the POM system was similar if ferric or non-ferric probes were used for radial scanning EUS. 3D-EUS image reconstruction could be performed using free hand scanning in vitro and in animal organs. Combination of 3D-EUS/POM registration may enable better description of true topographic relations and accurate volume measurements using 3D-EUS.

Clinical Social Work Journal, 1979

日本血管外科学会雑誌= The …, 2009

... Vishnu; Jain Institute of Vascular Sciences, Bhagawan Mahaveer Jain Hospital. RAJ Sumanth;Jai... more ... Vishnu; Jain Institute of Vascular Sciences, Bhagawan Mahaveer Jain Hospital. RAJ Sumanth;Jain Institute of Vascular Sciences, Bhagawan Mahaveer Jain Hospital. GIRIJA KR; Jain Institute of Vascular Sciences, Bhagawan Mahaveer Jain Hospital. 本文を読む／探す. ...

BMJ, 1992

Objective-To obtain data on sexual contact between doctors and their patients. Design-Anonymous q... more Objective-To obtain data on sexual contact between doctors and their patients. Design-Anonymous questionnaire with 17 items sent to all working gynaecologists (n=595) and all ear, nose, and throat specialists (n=380) in the Netherlands. Results-Response rate was 74%; a total 64 doctors gave a reason for not completing the questionnaire. 201 (59%) male gynaecologists and 128 (56%) male ear nose, and throat specialists indicated that sexual feelings are acceptable in the doctor-patient relationship; 286 (85%) and 186 (81%), respectively, had felt sexually attracted to a patient at some time, as had 14 (27%) female gynaecologists. More than half (59%) of the doctors who indicated that sexual feelings are unacceptable in the doctor-patient relationship had experienced these feelings, and 91% of this group had a negative attitude towards these feelings. 4% of respondents in each group had had actual sexual contact with patients. Most gynaecologists were in favour of having more attention paid to sexual problems during training; having their professional society take an official viewpoint; subsequent public support of this viewpoint; and taking on an impartial counsellor for the patients as well as the doctors. Conclusion-Sexuality exists in the doctor-patient relationship. Gynaecologists have a higher risk of having sexual contact with their patients than do ear, nose, and throat specialists but compensate for this greater risk by a higher state of recognition and acknowledgement.