Sumeet Bhatia - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Sumeet Bhatia

Progress In Electromagnetics Research C

In this manuscript, a modified spokes wheel shaped two port MIMO (Multi-Input-Multi-Output) anten... more In this manuscript, a modified spokes wheel shaped two port MIMO (Multi-Input-Multi-Output) antenna with stub loaded ground plane has been presented and experimentally analysed for multiband and EU (European Union) 5900 to 6400 MHz for future 5G mobile terminal applications. The proposed MIMO antenna consists of two radiating patches, and its ground plane is modified to achieve the multiband characteristics as well as enhanced isolation. Initially, a rectangular notch, at the center of ground plane (Ground-1), is employed and reveals four resonant points. Further, the ground plane is modified again by employing two inverted L-shaped stubs along with a series of horizontal rectangular stubs (Ground-2) for enhancing the isolation and reducing the mutual coupling between the elements of proposed MIMO antenna. The antenna with ground-2 exhibits seven frequency bands (

Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications

AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications

Abstract The Rhombus Shaped Fractal Antenna with stub loaded defected ground plane is presented f... more Abstract The Rhombus Shaped Fractal Antenna with stub loaded defected ground plane is presented for UWB wireless applications. Proposed antenna bears the overall compact size of 30 × 24 × 1.6 mm3. The proposed geometry of antenna generates the higher impedance bandwidth in comparison to the other structures such as antenna with partial ground plane and ground plane with defects. The modification in the ground plane has been investigated and analyzed to obtain the optimized results of the designed antenna. Finally, the stub is employed in the geometry of antenna with defected ground plane and the bandwidth of antenna has been enhanced as 17.53 GHz (167.19%) in the 1.72 to 19.25 GHz frequency range. The peak realized gain of antenna is calculated and found as 6.48 dB (maximum gain) at 2.4 GHz frequency band. Far – field radiation patterns of proposed antenna are measured and presented at points 2.4, 7.8, 13.4 and 18.5 GHz. The performance of designed antenna has been analyzed by using HFSS V13 simulator based on finite element method (FEM) and then the optimized final structure is fabricated for the experimental results. The wider bandwidth of proposed antenna made it a suitable candidate for different wireless standards in the desired frequency range.

Progress In Electromagnetics Research C

A multiband hexagonal ring-shaped fractal antenna with stubs and slits loaded partial ground plan... more A multiband hexagonal ring-shaped fractal antenna with stubs and slits loaded partial ground plane has been presented in this manuscript. The proposed antenna is compact in size 24 × 30 × 1.6 mm 3 and exhibits enhanced bandwidth, gain, and reflection coefficient. Measured results exhibit that the proposed antenna resonates with impedance bandwidth (S 11 ≤ −10 dB) in the frequency ranges 1.

Progress In Electromagnetics Research M

The design of a wideband antenna using truncated corners partial ground plane loaded with L-shape... more The design of a wideband antenna using truncated corners partial ground plane loaded with L-shaped stubs and inverted T-shaped slots has been presented in this manuscript. The different concepts and structures related to antenna designing have been employed to attain the optimized model of antenna. L-shaped stubs and inverted T-shaped slots incised in the structure of antenna improve the impedance matching and bandwidth of the proposed antenna. A fed 50 Ω microstrip line has been applied to the proposed structure for attaining distinct performance parameters like reflection coefficient, gain, and radiation pattern. The distinct structures of proposed antenna have been juxtaposed, and it is found that the structure with L-shaped stubs and inverted T-shaped slots shows improved antenna performance parameters. The designed antenna exhibits the bandwidth of 133.04% (3.14-15.62 GHz) and 16.96% (18.56-22.0 GHz) with improved reflection coefficient and gain. The proposed antenna has also been fabricated and tested for the validation of simulated and measured results, and found in good agreement with each other. The design of proposed antenna is carved on a low cost thick substrate with compact electrical size of 0.566λ × 0.452λ × 0.0301λ mm 3 at 5.45 GHz frequency and can be used for different wireless applications in the frequency range 3.14-15.62 GHz and 18.56-22.0 GHz.

International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering

Progress In Electromagnetics Research M

In this paper, a design of compact monopole antenna with defected ground plane for wideband appli... more In this paper, a design of compact monopole antenna with defected ground plane for wideband applications has been investigated. Initially, the partial ground plane is used which yields the impedance bandwidth (S 11 ≤ −10 dB) of 23.87% and 17.54% ranging (4.00 GHz-5.11 GHz) and (8.48 GHz-9.84 GHz), respectively. The bandwidth of the proposed monopole antenna is enhanced by employing the defects in the partial ground plane. Antenna is designed and simulated by using Ansoft HFSS v13 simulator; moreover, the antenna is fabricated to validate the simulated results with the measured results. Measured proposed monopole antenna with DGP (Defected Ground Plane) exhibits the impedance bandwidth (S 11 ≤ −10 dB) of 72.87% ranging (3.89 GHz-8.35 GHz), which covers different wireless standards such as WiMAX (3.3 GHz-3.7 GHz), WLAN (5.15 GHz-5.85 GHz), X-band satellite applications (7.1 GHz-7.76 GHz) and point to point high speed wireless communication (5.925 GHz-8.5 GHz).

International Journal of Electronics

Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications

This paper presents the design of fidget spinner-shaped antenna (FSSA) loaded with parasitic EC-S... more This paper presents the design of fidget spinner-shaped antenna (FSSA) loaded with parasitic EC-SRR (edge coupled-split ring resonator) for multi-standard wireless applications. Parasitic EC-SRR element-loaded antenna helps to improve the impedance matching and bandwidth of antenna in comparison to the unloaded FSSA. The 50 Ω microstrip line fed has been applied to the structure of proposed antenna to obtain the distinct performance parameters such as reflection coefficient, gain, radiation pattern and efficiency. Comparison of the proposed antenna with and without SRR is made and found that the later case exhibits better results in terms of reflection coefficient and bandwidth. Bandwidth is increased by 21.61% at first two resonance points, 57.57% at third and 32.76% at fourth resonance point. A prototype of the proposed FSSA has also been fabricated and tested for validation of simulated results with measured results, and found in good agreement with each other. The overall dimensions of the proposed FSSA are 30 mm × 30 mm and can be used for different wireless applications in the frequency range 1.88–7.0 GHz, 7.81–8.85 GHz and 9.6–14.3 GHz.

Wireless Personal Communications

This article presents a microstrip-fed octagonal shaped monopole antenna with dual band notched c... more This article presents a microstrip-fed octagonal shaped monopole antenna with dual band notched characteristics for UWB applications. Partial ground plane has been employed in the geometry of proposed antenna to improve the VSWR bandwidth over the entire range of UWB (3.1–10.6 GHz). Initially, the proposed antenna exhibits the VSWR bandwidth of 9.06 GHz (121.28%) with a frequency range of 2.94–12.0 GHz and after introducing C-shaped slot and complementary split ring resonator on the geometry of octagonal shaped radiating patch, dual band notched function has been acquired at Wi-MAX (3.5 GHz) and upper WLAN (5.8 GHz) frequency bands. The overall dimensions of proposed UWB antenna are 30 mm × 30 mm. The proposed antenna is designed and simulated using Ansys HFSS V13 simulator, its fabricated prototype is also tested to validate the simulated results with experimental ones. Both the results are in reasonable agreement with each other. An experimental result also reveals that the proposed antenna depicts nearly omni-directional pattern like dipole antenna.

International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering

Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications

ABSTRACT In this manuscript, the design of double split labyrinth resonator (DSLR)-based Coplanar... more ABSTRACT In this manuscript, the design of double split labyrinth resonator (DSLR)-based Coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed hybrid fractal antennas has been presented for distinct wireless applications. The proposed hybrid antennas are designed by fusing the Hilbert and Koch fractal geometries together and the resulted structure is named Hilbert Koch–Koch Hybrid Fractal Antenna (HKKHFA). The proposed antennas differ from each other in the feed line locations only. The CPW feed line is applied to excite the antennas at two different locations as Left and Right CPW-fed, and the proposed antennas are also named HKKHFA with Left CPW-fed and HKKHFA with Right CPW-fed. The ground plane of the proposed antennas is being modified to attain the better results. The proposed HKKHFA with Left and Right CPW-fed are also being loaded with DSLR on the reverse side of substrate for attaining wideband characteristics, better impedance matching and enhanced gain. The overall size of the proposed HKKHFAs is 30 × 30 × 1.6 mm3 and is being designed on low-cost FR4 glass epoxy substrate with a relative permittivity of 4.4 and a thickness of 1.6. The results of unloaded and loaded proposed antennas (HKKHFA with Left and Right CPW-fed) are juxtaposed with each other and revealed that the loaded HKKHFA exhibits wider bandwidth and better impedance matching. Prototypes of HKKHFAs loaded with DSLR for both the feed locations are fabricated and tested for their results, and found good agreement between simulated and experimental results. The proposed HKKHFA loaded with DSLR for both CPW-feds exhibits the peak gain of 4.40/4.95 dB and a maximum bandwidth of 7.69/7.36 GHz, and it is useful for different wireless standards.

International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering

Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series B

This paper presents the design of fractal antenna array with eight elements for multiband applica... more This paper presents the design of fractal antenna array with eight elements for multiband applications, such as WiMax (3.3–3.7 GHz), WLAN (4.82–5.95 GHz), X-band for satellite communication (7.1–7.76 GHz) and point-to-point (5.92–8.5 GHz) for high-speed wireless communication. Each element of array is separated by λ/2 distance. FR4 glass epoxy substrate with dielectric constant 4.4 and thickness of 1.6 mm is used for the designing of the proposed antenna array. ANSYS/ANSOFT HFSS V13 software is used for designing and simulating the proposed antenna. Different parameters like gain, radiation pattern and reflection coefficient are obtained at all frequencies in the range of 3 to 10 GHz. It is observed that the proposed antenna array works on eight different frequencies, whereas conventional antenna array works at seven frequencies. The three iterations of the proposed antenna array are fabricated and tested using VNA (vector network analyzer). The experimental and simulated results are compared, and both are in good agreement with each other. Measured results of the proposed antenna array are also compared with the results of antenna array present in the literature, and it is found that the proposed antenna array operates on eight frequency bands, whereas the antenna array in the literature operates on at most three frequency bands.

International Journal of Information Technology

In this paper eight element circular fractal antenna array is designed. The elements of this ante... more In this paper eight element circular fractal antenna array is designed. The elements of this antenna array are separated by a distance λ/2. FR4 glass epoxy with 4.4 relative permittivity and 1.6 mm thickness is used as substrate material for the design of proposed antenna array. The resonant frequency of the proposed antenna array is taken as 4 GHz. Three iterations of the proposed fractal antenna array are designed and fabricated. It is found that as the iteration number increases, the gain of this array at resonant frequency increases and the beam-width decreases. The effects of various parameters on the performance of antenna array is analyzed using 3D electromagnetic simulator (HFSS) based on FEM method. Proposed fractal antenna array resonates at ten frequencies in the frequency range from 1 to 10 GHz. The values of reflection coefficient and the gain at all the resonant frequencies have acceptable values. The resonant frequency of fractal antenna array is also shifted towards the lower frequency from 3.91 to 3.80 GHz which reduces the size of fractal antenna array by 6% than the conventional antenna array. Proposed fractal antenna array covers the different wireless standards such as Wi-Max (3.5–3.8 GHz), C-band applications (3.8–4.4 GHz and 4.8–5.4 GHz), WLAN (5.15–5.85 GHz), X-band for satellite communication (7.1–7.76 GHz). The simulated and experimental results are found in good agreement with each other.

Wireless Personal Communications

This paper premeditates an optimal design of fractal antenna with modified ground structure for w... more This paper premeditates an optimal design of fractal antenna with modified ground structure for wideband applications. The proposed antenna has been designed by taking numerous iterations started from 0th to 3rd. To attain the wideband characteristics, the partial ground plane has been introduced in the 3rd iteration, and the length of the ground plane has been varied to enhance the bandwidth. The maximum value of bandwidth has been adorned in the final iteration as 1.88 and 0.20 GHz. Further, this bandwidth has been improved and embellished as 2.48 GHz within the frequency range of 3–6 GHz by employing horizontal and vertical extensions in the partial ground plane. Antenna is simulated by using HFSS and performance parameters of antenna like return loss (S11 ≤ − 10 dB), gain and radiation efficiency are in the acceptable limits. The maximum value of gain is reported as 5.1 dB and radiation pattern is also omnidirectional. The proposed antenna is useful for the wireless applications as WiMAX (3.4–3.69 GHz) and WLAN (5.15–5.35 and 5.72–5.82 GHz) Simulated and experimental results are also juxtaposed and found in good agreement with each other.

AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications

Abstract In this paper, initially two Moore Antennas are designed which are different from each o... more Abstract In this paper, initially two Moore Antennas are designed which are different from each other in terms of 50 Ω microstrip transmission line only. Same size Feed line is applied at right and left side of the substrate and termed as Left Side Feed Line (LFL) and Right Side Feed Line (RFL). To improve the multiband behavior of Moore Antenna, it is being fused with Koch curve and resultant antenna is named as Moore – Koch Hybrid Fractal Antenna (MKHFA) where Koch curves are superimposed on Moore curve. Two distinct MKHFA’s are designed as MKHFA with LFL and MKHFA with RFL. In order to attain the more number of frequency bands, improved gain, better impedance matching and improved bandwidth, both the MKHFA’s are loaded with Split Ring Resonator (SRR). Proposed antennas are designed on FR4 glass epoxy substrate with thickness 1.6 mm, relative permittivity 4.4. Results of Moore Antenna has been compared with MKHFA and found that MKHFA exhibits multiband behavior. A comparison between unloaded MKHFA using LFL/RFL and loaded MKHFA using LFL/RFL has been made and found that later case exhibits better results in terms of increase in number of frequency bands, bandwidth enhancement and improvement in gain. Prototypes of proposed MKHFA using LFL loaded with SRR and MKHFA using RFL loaded with SRR have been fabricated and tested for their results. The comparison between the simulated and measured results have been done and found in good agreement with each other. The overall dimensions of proposed MKHFA using LFL/RFL loaded with SRR is 25 mm × 25 mm and can be useful for different wireless applications such as Bluetooth (2.41–2.49 GHz) for ISM band, IEEE 802.11 g/b (2.40–2.48 GHz), WiMAX (2.5–2.69 GHz), WLAN (5.15–5.35 GHz), X-band satellite communication (7.1–7.76 GHz). Proposed MKHFA using LFL loaded with SRR also reports peak gain 5.76 dB and bandwidth 770 MHz, whereas, MKHFA using RFL loaded with SRR confirms peak gain 8.56 dB and bandwidth 750 MHz.

Wireless Personal Communications, 2016

Abstract This paper presents a novel design of modified printed circular monopole antenna with de... more Abstract This paper presents a novel design of modified printed circular monopole antenna with defective ground structure for wideband applications. The antenna is designed, simulated and fabricated on FR4 substrate of dielectric constant 4.4 with a thickness of 1.6 mm. The basic design of antenna consists of a partial rectangular ground plane which exhibits the bandwidth of 7.62 GHz (from 1.73 to 9.36 GHz), 1.64 GHz (from 11.06 to 12.70 GHz) and 6.34 GHz (from 13.64 to 19.98 GHz). The antenna design is further modified by employing a triangular notch in the ground plane to enhance the impedance bandwidth. The simulated and measured return losses are compared and observed, which cover all the resonant frequencies over the frequency bands like WiMAX (2.5/3.5/5.5 GHz), WLAN (2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz), X-band (8–12 GHz) and Ku-band (12–18 GHz) for wireless communication applications as per FCC standards. The measured results and the results obtained from Ansoft HFSS simulator are in agreement with each other.

Procedia Computer Science, 2016

This paper presents the design of triple band compact microstrip patch antenna with fractal eleme... more This paper presents the design of triple band compact microstrip patch antenna with fractal elements. The antenna has been designed on FR4 substrate with thickness 1.6mm, dielectric constant 4.4 and resonant frequency of antenna is 3.2GHz. Gain of antenna is improved by addition of fractal elements to the nine corners of the nonagon patch. Introduction of fractal elements improved the gain from 1.24dB to 7.96dB and miniaturization takes place due to the decrease in resonant frequency from 3.38GHz to 2.88GHz on increasing the iteration number. The three iterations of antenna is designed and simulated by using HFSS V13 software and the designed antennas covers the frequency bands of WLAN, WiMax and other wireless applications which comes under the frequency ranges of S-band, C-band and X-band.

2016 International Conference on Advances in Human Machine Interaction (HMI), 2016

Wireless mobile communication systems require increased bandwidth for data and voice applications... more Wireless mobile communication systems require increased bandwidth for data and voice applications. Wearable electronics has many applications in the field of telemedicine, sports, military and tracking systems. In this paper wideband wearable fractal antenna with line feed is designed using HFSS V13 software. Polyester material with dielectric constant 3.2 and height 1mm is used as a substrate material. The optimization technique is used at the defected ground plane for proper impedance matching to get better results such as return loss, gain etc. Proposed antenna works from 4.3GHz to 30 GHz wideband with a maximum peak gain of 6.5 dB. Proposed antenna can be used for Ultra Wide Band (UWB) and Super Wide Band (SWB) communication applications.

Progress In Electromagnetics Research C

In this manuscript, a modified spokes wheel shaped two port MIMO (Multi-Input-Multi-Output) anten... more In this manuscript, a modified spokes wheel shaped two port MIMO (Multi-Input-Multi-Output) antenna with stub loaded ground plane has been presented and experimentally analysed for multiband and EU (European Union) 5900 to 6400 MHz for future 5G mobile terminal applications. The proposed MIMO antenna consists of two radiating patches, and its ground plane is modified to achieve the multiband characteristics as well as enhanced isolation. Initially, a rectangular notch, at the center of ground plane (Ground-1), is employed and reveals four resonant points. Further, the ground plane is modified again by employing two inverted L-shaped stubs along with a series of horizontal rectangular stubs (Ground-2) for enhancing the isolation and reducing the mutual coupling between the elements of proposed MIMO antenna. The antenna with ground-2 exhibits seven frequency bands (

Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications

AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications

Abstract The Rhombus Shaped Fractal Antenna with stub loaded defected ground plane is presented f... more Abstract The Rhombus Shaped Fractal Antenna with stub loaded defected ground plane is presented for UWB wireless applications. Proposed antenna bears the overall compact size of 30 × 24 × 1.6 mm3. The proposed geometry of antenna generates the higher impedance bandwidth in comparison to the other structures such as antenna with partial ground plane and ground plane with defects. The modification in the ground plane has been investigated and analyzed to obtain the optimized results of the designed antenna. Finally, the stub is employed in the geometry of antenna with defected ground plane and the bandwidth of antenna has been enhanced as 17.53 GHz (167.19%) in the 1.72 to 19.25 GHz frequency range. The peak realized gain of antenna is calculated and found as 6.48 dB (maximum gain) at 2.4 GHz frequency band. Far – field radiation patterns of proposed antenna are measured and presented at points 2.4, 7.8, 13.4 and 18.5 GHz. The performance of designed antenna has been analyzed by using HFSS V13 simulator based on finite element method (FEM) and then the optimized final structure is fabricated for the experimental results. The wider bandwidth of proposed antenna made it a suitable candidate for different wireless standards in the desired frequency range.

Progress In Electromagnetics Research C

A multiband hexagonal ring-shaped fractal antenna with stubs and slits loaded partial ground plan... more A multiband hexagonal ring-shaped fractal antenna with stubs and slits loaded partial ground plane has been presented in this manuscript. The proposed antenna is compact in size 24 × 30 × 1.6 mm 3 and exhibits enhanced bandwidth, gain, and reflection coefficient. Measured results exhibit that the proposed antenna resonates with impedance bandwidth (S 11 ≤ −10 dB) in the frequency ranges 1.

Progress In Electromagnetics Research M

The design of a wideband antenna using truncated corners partial ground plane loaded with L-shape... more The design of a wideband antenna using truncated corners partial ground plane loaded with L-shaped stubs and inverted T-shaped slots has been presented in this manuscript. The different concepts and structures related to antenna designing have been employed to attain the optimized model of antenna. L-shaped stubs and inverted T-shaped slots incised in the structure of antenna improve the impedance matching and bandwidth of the proposed antenna. A fed 50 Ω microstrip line has been applied to the proposed structure for attaining distinct performance parameters like reflection coefficient, gain, and radiation pattern. The distinct structures of proposed antenna have been juxtaposed, and it is found that the structure with L-shaped stubs and inverted T-shaped slots shows improved antenna performance parameters. The designed antenna exhibits the bandwidth of 133.04% (3.14-15.62 GHz) and 16.96% (18.56-22.0 GHz) with improved reflection coefficient and gain. The proposed antenna has also been fabricated and tested for the validation of simulated and measured results, and found in good agreement with each other. The design of proposed antenna is carved on a low cost thick substrate with compact electrical size of 0.566λ × 0.452λ × 0.0301λ mm 3 at 5.45 GHz frequency and can be used for different wireless applications in the frequency range 3.14-15.62 GHz and 18.56-22.0 GHz.

International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering

Progress In Electromagnetics Research M

In this paper, a design of compact monopole antenna with defected ground plane for wideband appli... more In this paper, a design of compact monopole antenna with defected ground plane for wideband applications has been investigated. Initially, the partial ground plane is used which yields the impedance bandwidth (S 11 ≤ −10 dB) of 23.87% and 17.54% ranging (4.00 GHz-5.11 GHz) and (8.48 GHz-9.84 GHz), respectively. The bandwidth of the proposed monopole antenna is enhanced by employing the defects in the partial ground plane. Antenna is designed and simulated by using Ansoft HFSS v13 simulator; moreover, the antenna is fabricated to validate the simulated results with the measured results. Measured proposed monopole antenna with DGP (Defected Ground Plane) exhibits the impedance bandwidth (S 11 ≤ −10 dB) of 72.87% ranging (3.89 GHz-8.35 GHz), which covers different wireless standards such as WiMAX (3.3 GHz-3.7 GHz), WLAN (5.15 GHz-5.85 GHz), X-band satellite applications (7.1 GHz-7.76 GHz) and point to point high speed wireless communication (5.925 GHz-8.5 GHz).

International Journal of Electronics

Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications

This paper presents the design of fidget spinner-shaped antenna (FSSA) loaded with parasitic EC-S... more This paper presents the design of fidget spinner-shaped antenna (FSSA) loaded with parasitic EC-SRR (edge coupled-split ring resonator) for multi-standard wireless applications. Parasitic EC-SRR element-loaded antenna helps to improve the impedance matching and bandwidth of antenna in comparison to the unloaded FSSA. The 50 Ω microstrip line fed has been applied to the structure of proposed antenna to obtain the distinct performance parameters such as reflection coefficient, gain, radiation pattern and efficiency. Comparison of the proposed antenna with and without SRR is made and found that the later case exhibits better results in terms of reflection coefficient and bandwidth. Bandwidth is increased by 21.61% at first two resonance points, 57.57% at third and 32.76% at fourth resonance point. A prototype of the proposed FSSA has also been fabricated and tested for validation of simulated results with measured results, and found in good agreement with each other. The overall dimensions of the proposed FSSA are 30 mm × 30 mm and can be used for different wireless applications in the frequency range 1.88–7.0 GHz, 7.81–8.85 GHz and 9.6–14.3 GHz.

Wireless Personal Communications

This article presents a microstrip-fed octagonal shaped monopole antenna with dual band notched c... more This article presents a microstrip-fed octagonal shaped monopole antenna with dual band notched characteristics for UWB applications. Partial ground plane has been employed in the geometry of proposed antenna to improve the VSWR bandwidth over the entire range of UWB (3.1–10.6 GHz). Initially, the proposed antenna exhibits the VSWR bandwidth of 9.06 GHz (121.28%) with a frequency range of 2.94–12.0 GHz and after introducing C-shaped slot and complementary split ring resonator on the geometry of octagonal shaped radiating patch, dual band notched function has been acquired at Wi-MAX (3.5 GHz) and upper WLAN (5.8 GHz) frequency bands. The overall dimensions of proposed UWB antenna are 30 mm × 30 mm. The proposed antenna is designed and simulated using Ansys HFSS V13 simulator, its fabricated prototype is also tested to validate the simulated results with experimental ones. Both the results are in reasonable agreement with each other. An experimental result also reveals that the proposed antenna depicts nearly omni-directional pattern like dipole antenna.

International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering

Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications

ABSTRACT In this manuscript, the design of double split labyrinth resonator (DSLR)-based Coplanar... more ABSTRACT In this manuscript, the design of double split labyrinth resonator (DSLR)-based Coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed hybrid fractal antennas has been presented for distinct wireless applications. The proposed hybrid antennas are designed by fusing the Hilbert and Koch fractal geometries together and the resulted structure is named Hilbert Koch–Koch Hybrid Fractal Antenna (HKKHFA). The proposed antennas differ from each other in the feed line locations only. The CPW feed line is applied to excite the antennas at two different locations as Left and Right CPW-fed, and the proposed antennas are also named HKKHFA with Left CPW-fed and HKKHFA with Right CPW-fed. The ground plane of the proposed antennas is being modified to attain the better results. The proposed HKKHFA with Left and Right CPW-fed are also being loaded with DSLR on the reverse side of substrate for attaining wideband characteristics, better impedance matching and enhanced gain. The overall size of the proposed HKKHFAs is 30 × 30 × 1.6 mm3 and is being designed on low-cost FR4 glass epoxy substrate with a relative permittivity of 4.4 and a thickness of 1.6. The results of unloaded and loaded proposed antennas (HKKHFA with Left and Right CPW-fed) are juxtaposed with each other and revealed that the loaded HKKHFA exhibits wider bandwidth and better impedance matching. Prototypes of HKKHFAs loaded with DSLR for both the feed locations are fabricated and tested for their results, and found good agreement between simulated and experimental results. The proposed HKKHFA loaded with DSLR for both CPW-feds exhibits the peak gain of 4.40/4.95 dB and a maximum bandwidth of 7.69/7.36 GHz, and it is useful for different wireless standards.

International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering

Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series B

This paper presents the design of fractal antenna array with eight elements for multiband applica... more This paper presents the design of fractal antenna array with eight elements for multiband applications, such as WiMax (3.3–3.7 GHz), WLAN (4.82–5.95 GHz), X-band for satellite communication (7.1–7.76 GHz) and point-to-point (5.92–8.5 GHz) for high-speed wireless communication. Each element of array is separated by λ/2 distance. FR4 glass epoxy substrate with dielectric constant 4.4 and thickness of 1.6 mm is used for the designing of the proposed antenna array. ANSYS/ANSOFT HFSS V13 software is used for designing and simulating the proposed antenna. Different parameters like gain, radiation pattern and reflection coefficient are obtained at all frequencies in the range of 3 to 10 GHz. It is observed that the proposed antenna array works on eight different frequencies, whereas conventional antenna array works at seven frequencies. The three iterations of the proposed antenna array are fabricated and tested using VNA (vector network analyzer). The experimental and simulated results are compared, and both are in good agreement with each other. Measured results of the proposed antenna array are also compared with the results of antenna array present in the literature, and it is found that the proposed antenna array operates on eight frequency bands, whereas the antenna array in the literature operates on at most three frequency bands.

International Journal of Information Technology

In this paper eight element circular fractal antenna array is designed. The elements of this ante... more In this paper eight element circular fractal antenna array is designed. The elements of this antenna array are separated by a distance λ/2. FR4 glass epoxy with 4.4 relative permittivity and 1.6 mm thickness is used as substrate material for the design of proposed antenna array. The resonant frequency of the proposed antenna array is taken as 4 GHz. Three iterations of the proposed fractal antenna array are designed and fabricated. It is found that as the iteration number increases, the gain of this array at resonant frequency increases and the beam-width decreases. The effects of various parameters on the performance of antenna array is analyzed using 3D electromagnetic simulator (HFSS) based on FEM method. Proposed fractal antenna array resonates at ten frequencies in the frequency range from 1 to 10 GHz. The values of reflection coefficient and the gain at all the resonant frequencies have acceptable values. The resonant frequency of fractal antenna array is also shifted towards the lower frequency from 3.91 to 3.80 GHz which reduces the size of fractal antenna array by 6% than the conventional antenna array. Proposed fractal antenna array covers the different wireless standards such as Wi-Max (3.5–3.8 GHz), C-band applications (3.8–4.4 GHz and 4.8–5.4 GHz), WLAN (5.15–5.85 GHz), X-band for satellite communication (7.1–7.76 GHz). The simulated and experimental results are found in good agreement with each other.

Wireless Personal Communications

This paper premeditates an optimal design of fractal antenna with modified ground structure for w... more This paper premeditates an optimal design of fractal antenna with modified ground structure for wideband applications. The proposed antenna has been designed by taking numerous iterations started from 0th to 3rd. To attain the wideband characteristics, the partial ground plane has been introduced in the 3rd iteration, and the length of the ground plane has been varied to enhance the bandwidth. The maximum value of bandwidth has been adorned in the final iteration as 1.88 and 0.20 GHz. Further, this bandwidth has been improved and embellished as 2.48 GHz within the frequency range of 3–6 GHz by employing horizontal and vertical extensions in the partial ground plane. Antenna is simulated by using HFSS and performance parameters of antenna like return loss (S11 ≤ − 10 dB), gain and radiation efficiency are in the acceptable limits. The maximum value of gain is reported as 5.1 dB and radiation pattern is also omnidirectional. The proposed antenna is useful for the wireless applications as WiMAX (3.4–3.69 GHz) and WLAN (5.15–5.35 and 5.72–5.82 GHz) Simulated and experimental results are also juxtaposed and found in good agreement with each other.

AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications

Abstract In this paper, initially two Moore Antennas are designed which are different from each o... more Abstract In this paper, initially two Moore Antennas are designed which are different from each other in terms of 50 Ω microstrip transmission line only. Same size Feed line is applied at right and left side of the substrate and termed as Left Side Feed Line (LFL) and Right Side Feed Line (RFL). To improve the multiband behavior of Moore Antenna, it is being fused with Koch curve and resultant antenna is named as Moore – Koch Hybrid Fractal Antenna (MKHFA) where Koch curves are superimposed on Moore curve. Two distinct MKHFA’s are designed as MKHFA with LFL and MKHFA with RFL. In order to attain the more number of frequency bands, improved gain, better impedance matching and improved bandwidth, both the MKHFA’s are loaded with Split Ring Resonator (SRR). Proposed antennas are designed on FR4 glass epoxy substrate with thickness 1.6 mm, relative permittivity 4.4. Results of Moore Antenna has been compared with MKHFA and found that MKHFA exhibits multiband behavior. A comparison between unloaded MKHFA using LFL/RFL and loaded MKHFA using LFL/RFL has been made and found that later case exhibits better results in terms of increase in number of frequency bands, bandwidth enhancement and improvement in gain. Prototypes of proposed MKHFA using LFL loaded with SRR and MKHFA using RFL loaded with SRR have been fabricated and tested for their results. The comparison between the simulated and measured results have been done and found in good agreement with each other. The overall dimensions of proposed MKHFA using LFL/RFL loaded with SRR is 25 mm × 25 mm and can be useful for different wireless applications such as Bluetooth (2.41–2.49 GHz) for ISM band, IEEE 802.11 g/b (2.40–2.48 GHz), WiMAX (2.5–2.69 GHz), WLAN (5.15–5.35 GHz), X-band satellite communication (7.1–7.76 GHz). Proposed MKHFA using LFL loaded with SRR also reports peak gain 5.76 dB and bandwidth 770 MHz, whereas, MKHFA using RFL loaded with SRR confirms peak gain 8.56 dB and bandwidth 750 MHz.

Wireless Personal Communications, 2016

Abstract This paper presents a novel design of modified printed circular monopole antenna with de... more Abstract This paper presents a novel design of modified printed circular monopole antenna with defective ground structure for wideband applications. The antenna is designed, simulated and fabricated on FR4 substrate of dielectric constant 4.4 with a thickness of 1.6 mm. The basic design of antenna consists of a partial rectangular ground plane which exhibits the bandwidth of 7.62 GHz (from 1.73 to 9.36 GHz), 1.64 GHz (from 11.06 to 12.70 GHz) and 6.34 GHz (from 13.64 to 19.98 GHz). The antenna design is further modified by employing a triangular notch in the ground plane to enhance the impedance bandwidth. The simulated and measured return losses are compared and observed, which cover all the resonant frequencies over the frequency bands like WiMAX (2.5/3.5/5.5 GHz), WLAN (2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz), X-band (8–12 GHz) and Ku-band (12–18 GHz) for wireless communication applications as per FCC standards. The measured results and the results obtained from Ansoft HFSS simulator are in agreement with each other.

Procedia Computer Science, 2016

This paper presents the design of triple band compact microstrip patch antenna with fractal eleme... more This paper presents the design of triple band compact microstrip patch antenna with fractal elements. The antenna has been designed on FR4 substrate with thickness 1.6mm, dielectric constant 4.4 and resonant frequency of antenna is 3.2GHz. Gain of antenna is improved by addition of fractal elements to the nine corners of the nonagon patch. Introduction of fractal elements improved the gain from 1.24dB to 7.96dB and miniaturization takes place due to the decrease in resonant frequency from 3.38GHz to 2.88GHz on increasing the iteration number. The three iterations of antenna is designed and simulated by using HFSS V13 software and the designed antennas covers the frequency bands of WLAN, WiMax and other wireless applications which comes under the frequency ranges of S-band, C-band and X-band.

2016 International Conference on Advances in Human Machine Interaction (HMI), 2016

Wireless mobile communication systems require increased bandwidth for data and voice applications... more Wireless mobile communication systems require increased bandwidth for data and voice applications. Wearable electronics has many applications in the field of telemedicine, sports, military and tracking systems. In this paper wideband wearable fractal antenna with line feed is designed using HFSS V13 software. Polyester material with dielectric constant 3.2 and height 1mm is used as a substrate material. The optimization technique is used at the defected ground plane for proper impedance matching to get better results such as return loss, gain etc. Proposed antenna works from 4.3GHz to 30 GHz wideband with a maximum peak gain of 6.5 dB. Proposed antenna can be used for Ultra Wide Band (UWB) and Super Wide Band (SWB) communication applications.