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Papers by Sundar Adhikari

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2022

Background: Although many studies have reported the association of different factors with the sev... more Background: Although many studies have reported the association of different factors with the severity of coronavirus disease (COVID) patients, no concrete scientific conclusions have been reported till date. Aim and Objective: This study aimed to conduct a prospective analysis on different factors associated with the severity and outcome of the COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in a 100-bedded hospital of West Nepal for 3 months, with the total number of hospitalized patients 78. Demographic data, pre-existing comorbidities, ABO blood group, high-resolution computed tomography (CT) severity score, and outcomes of the respondents were recorded and analyzed statistically using Chi-square, binomial regression test, and significance level was considered P<0.05 at 95% confidence intervals. Results: Although the improvement rate was higher among males (84.0%) than females (75.0%), no significant association was observed between sex of the patient and tr...

Journal of Nepal Medical Association

Introduction: Patients with COVID-19 are characterised by abnormal levels of inflammatory biomark... more Introduction: Patients with COVID-19 are characterised by abnormal levels of inflammatory biomarkers. Elevated D-dimer in COVID-19 patients is associated with increased mortality. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of raised D-dimer among COVID-19 patients in a tertiary care centre. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in COVID-19 unit of a tertiary care centre from 23 January 2021 to 19 June 2021. The ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 077/078/159). D-dimer values and demographic data of the hospital-admitted COVID-19 patients were recorded. Convenience sampling technique was used. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated. Results: Out of 180 patients with COVID-19 admitted in the hospital, the D-dimer levels were raised in 85 (47.22%) (39.93-54.51, 95% Confidence Interval) patients. Conclusions: The prevalence of raised D-dimer among admitted COVID-19 patients was found to be low...

Cellular and Molecular Biology, 2021

Reinwardtia indica is traditionally used for wound healing. The main aim of this study was to eva... more Reinwardtia indica is traditionally used for wound healing. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the wound healing activity of leaves extracts of R. indica using the excision wound model in rats. The leaves of R. indica were collected from Gondrang, Chitwan, Nepal. Leaves were shade dried, extracted by double maceration and subjected to phytochemical screening. Then, the fusion method was used for the formulation of ointment and evaluated. Rats (n=24) were divided into four groups with 6 in each. Excision wound model was used, 2 cm diameter (314 mm2), 2 mm depth wound was created. The treatment was given daily topically to all groups and the % mean wound contraction rate was calculated on days 4, 8, 12 and 16. The result was analyzed statistically using Graph pad prism version 5. Phytochemical test revealed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, phenol, terpenoid, carbohydrate, etc. All the evaluation parameters showed satisfactory results. The extract of R. indica oi...

Anti-Infective Agents

Background: Pain and inflammation are major health problems. The adverse effect of synthetic drug... more Background: Pain and inflammation are major health problems. The adverse effect of synthetic drugs for the management of painful inflammatory conditions gives a strong motivation for researchers to develop newer drugs with a lesser side effect. Mimosa rubicaulis has been used traditionally in rheumatism, fungal infection, wound, fever, etc. Objective: The objective was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of ethanolic stem extract of M. rubicaulis in Swiss albino rats. Methods: The stem of M. rubicaulis were collected, subjected to double maceration using ethanol as a solvent. Then, swiss albino rats (n=72) were taken. An acute toxicity study was conducted using different doses of plant extract. The antiinflammatory activity (100 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg) was evaluated using the carrageenan-induced paw edema test. While, analgesic activity (100 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg) was evaluated using a hot plate and tail immersion method. The result was analyzed using a one-way Analysis of...

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Many plants have the property of wound healing, but most of the people are using costly allopathi... more Many plants have the property of wound healing, but most of the people are using costly allopathic medicine for the wound. This might be due to lack of awareness about the traditional uses and lack of scientific study of ethnomedicinal plants. So, this study aimed to carry out the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of two medicinal plants which are used traditionally for wound healing activity, i.e.,Mimosa rubicaulis and Reinwardtia indica. Different parts of Mimosa rubicaulis (root, stem, and leaves) and Reinwardtia indica (flower and leaves) were used for the study. Extractions were done by maceration using ethanol as solvent. Antibacterial activity was carried out by the well diffusion method, and antioxidant activities were screened by DPPH radical scavenging and NO scavenging assays. Extract of M. rubicaulis has shown a weak zone of inhibition towards S. aureus and P. vulgaris whereas R. indica has shown no zone of inhibition towards selected bacterial strains. Leaf, root, ...

http://scholarsmepub.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/SJMPS-41A-90-94.pdf, 2018

Cesarean section is a life-saving procedure that saves the life of mother and fetus. World Health... more Cesarean section is a life-saving procedure that saves the life of mother and fetus. World Health organization has recommended a threshold rate of 15% caesarean section. It is a major healthcare issues now in all over the world and rising cesarean delivery rate higher than the optimal both in developed and developing countries. The main objective of this study is to assess the trends and magnitude of cesarean section. The study was carried out in one of the regional hospital in Western Nepal. It was the hospital based retrospective review that used the three years record information from data registry of maternity, gynae, operation theater, NICU of regional hospital. The prepared retrospective guidelines were used to collect the demographic, obstetrics and outcome variables of the study. The study analyzed the three years retrospective review of fiscal year 2070-2073. The overall magnitude of the cesarean section was 24.25%. The rate of Cesarean section was 23.91, 26.51 and 22.78 percent in the fiscal year 2070/71, 2071/71 and 2072/73 respectively. The study concludes that cesarean section rate was higher than WHO recommendation of particular regional hospital of Western Nepal. The trends of cesarean section seem rising in the year by Year.

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2022

Background: Although many studies have reported the association of different factors with the sev... more Background: Although many studies have reported the association of different factors with the severity of coronavirus disease (COVID) patients, no concrete scientific conclusions have been reported till date. Aim and Objective: This study aimed to conduct a prospective analysis on different factors associated with the severity and outcome of the COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in a 100-bedded hospital of West Nepal for 3 months, with the total number of hospitalized patients 78. Demographic data, pre-existing comorbidities, ABO blood group, high-resolution computed tomography (CT) severity score, and outcomes of the respondents were recorded and analyzed statistically using Chi-square, binomial regression test, and significance level was considered P<0.05 at 95% confidence intervals. Results: Although the improvement rate was higher among males (84.0%) than females (75.0%), no significant association was observed between sex of the patient and tr...

Journal of Nepal Medical Association

Introduction: Patients with COVID-19 are characterised by abnormal levels of inflammatory biomark... more Introduction: Patients with COVID-19 are characterised by abnormal levels of inflammatory biomarkers. Elevated D-dimer in COVID-19 patients is associated with increased mortality. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of raised D-dimer among COVID-19 patients in a tertiary care centre. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in COVID-19 unit of a tertiary care centre from 23 January 2021 to 19 June 2021. The ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 077/078/159). D-dimer values and demographic data of the hospital-admitted COVID-19 patients were recorded. Convenience sampling technique was used. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated. Results: Out of 180 patients with COVID-19 admitted in the hospital, the D-dimer levels were raised in 85 (47.22%) (39.93-54.51, 95% Confidence Interval) patients. Conclusions: The prevalence of raised D-dimer among admitted COVID-19 patients was found to be low...

Cellular and Molecular Biology, 2021

Reinwardtia indica is traditionally used for wound healing. The main aim of this study was to eva... more Reinwardtia indica is traditionally used for wound healing. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the wound healing activity of leaves extracts of R. indica using the excision wound model in rats. The leaves of R. indica were collected from Gondrang, Chitwan, Nepal. Leaves were shade dried, extracted by double maceration and subjected to phytochemical screening. Then, the fusion method was used for the formulation of ointment and evaluated. Rats (n=24) were divided into four groups with 6 in each. Excision wound model was used, 2 cm diameter (314 mm2), 2 mm depth wound was created. The treatment was given daily topically to all groups and the % mean wound contraction rate was calculated on days 4, 8, 12 and 16. The result was analyzed statistically using Graph pad prism version 5. Phytochemical test revealed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, phenol, terpenoid, carbohydrate, etc. All the evaluation parameters showed satisfactory results. The extract of R. indica oi...

Anti-Infective Agents

Background: Pain and inflammation are major health problems. The adverse effect of synthetic drug... more Background: Pain and inflammation are major health problems. The adverse effect of synthetic drugs for the management of painful inflammatory conditions gives a strong motivation for researchers to develop newer drugs with a lesser side effect. Mimosa rubicaulis has been used traditionally in rheumatism, fungal infection, wound, fever, etc. Objective: The objective was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of ethanolic stem extract of M. rubicaulis in Swiss albino rats. Methods: The stem of M. rubicaulis were collected, subjected to double maceration using ethanol as a solvent. Then, swiss albino rats (n=72) were taken. An acute toxicity study was conducted using different doses of plant extract. The antiinflammatory activity (100 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg) was evaluated using the carrageenan-induced paw edema test. While, analgesic activity (100 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg) was evaluated using a hot plate and tail immersion method. The result was analyzed using a one-way Analysis of...

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Many plants have the property of wound healing, but most of the people are using costly allopathi... more Many plants have the property of wound healing, but most of the people are using costly allopathic medicine for the wound. This might be due to lack of awareness about the traditional uses and lack of scientific study of ethnomedicinal plants. So, this study aimed to carry out the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of two medicinal plants which are used traditionally for wound healing activity, i.e.,Mimosa rubicaulis and Reinwardtia indica. Different parts of Mimosa rubicaulis (root, stem, and leaves) and Reinwardtia indica (flower and leaves) were used for the study. Extractions were done by maceration using ethanol as solvent. Antibacterial activity was carried out by the well diffusion method, and antioxidant activities were screened by DPPH radical scavenging and NO scavenging assays. Extract of M. rubicaulis has shown a weak zone of inhibition towards S. aureus and P. vulgaris whereas R. indica has shown no zone of inhibition towards selected bacterial strains. Leaf, root, ...

http://scholarsmepub.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/SJMPS-41A-90-94.pdf, 2018

Cesarean section is a life-saving procedure that saves the life of mother and fetus. World Health... more Cesarean section is a life-saving procedure that saves the life of mother and fetus. World Health organization has recommended a threshold rate of 15% caesarean section. It is a major healthcare issues now in all over the world and rising cesarean delivery rate higher than the optimal both in developed and developing countries. The main objective of this study is to assess the trends and magnitude of cesarean section. The study was carried out in one of the regional hospital in Western Nepal. It was the hospital based retrospective review that used the three years record information from data registry of maternity, gynae, operation theater, NICU of regional hospital. The prepared retrospective guidelines were used to collect the demographic, obstetrics and outcome variables of the study. The study analyzed the three years retrospective review of fiscal year 2070-2073. The overall magnitude of the cesarean section was 24.25%. The rate of Cesarean section was 23.91, 26.51 and 22.78 percent in the fiscal year 2070/71, 2071/71 and 2072/73 respectively. The study concludes that cesarean section rate was higher than WHO recommendation of particular regional hospital of Western Nepal. The trends of cesarean section seem rising in the year by Year.