Sundar Ramalingam - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Sundar Ramalingam

Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials, 2021

Regeneration and reconstruction of segmental bone defects (SBD) is a clinical challenge in maxill... more Regeneration and reconstruction of segmental bone defects (SBD) is a clinical challenge in maxillofacial surgery and orthopedics. The present study evaluated efficacy of guided bone-regeneration (GBR) of rat femoral SBD using osteoconductive equine-bone (EB) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) grafts, either with or without platelet-derived growth-factor (PDGF). Following ethical-approval, 50 male Wistar-Albino rats (aged ~12–15 months and weighing ~450–500 g) were included. A 5 mm femoral critical-size SBD was created and animals were divided into five groups depending on the graft material used for GBR (EB, EB + PDGF, Autograft, beta-TCP, beta-TCP + PDGF; n = 10/group). Following 12-weeks of healing, animals were sacrificed and femur specimens were analyzed through qualitative histology and quantitative histomorphometry. There was new bone bridging femoral SBD in all groups and qualitatively, better bone formation was seen in autograft and EB + PDGF groups. Histomorphometric ...

Journal of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, 2021

Introduction: One of the main challenge of bone graft or socket preservation in particular is to ... more Introduction: One of the main challenge of bone graft or socket preservation in particular is to get good quality and quantity of bone in short time prior to implant bed preparation. The buccal bone at the crest of the ridge is a very thin bone and usually resorb faster than the rest of alveolar bone which may hinder an optimum dento-osseous implant insertion. The purpose of this study will be to assess the bone regeneration capabilities of Tooth Ash Particles (TAP) with injectable Plasma Rich Fibrin (i-PRF) and Tooth Ash Particles (TAP) alone at defects created in the goat mandible bone using micro-computed tomographic (micro-CT). Materials and Methods: A total, 54 bone defect (5 mm × 8 mm) were performed in the 18 goats. The created defect received different treatment (Tx): Tx.A: Unfilled defect (allow natural bone regeneration; Tx.B: Tooth Ash particle (TAP) alone; Tx.C: Tooth Ash + injectable PRF (TAP/i-PRF). Six goats, were sacrificed at different time points:Group 1: at 2nd we...

International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Background: Alloplastic biomaterials have been used for regeneration and reconstruction of osseou... more Background: Alloplastic biomaterials have been used for regeneration and reconstruction of osseous defects. The role of adjuvant bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) in bone regeneration is still unclear. Objectives: The objective of the present in vivo study was to assess bone regeneration in standardised rat calvarial defects using beta-tricalcium phosphate (␤-TCP) with adjuvant BMSC. Methods: A single full-thickness standardised calvarial defect (4.6 mm diameter) was created on the left parietal bone in female Wistar rats (n = 40) weighing approximately 300 g and aged about 12 weeks. The animals were randomly divided into four groups based on the biomaterial used to fill the defect: (1) control group (n = 10); (2) ␤-TCP group (n = 10); (3) BMSC group (n = 10); (4) ␤-TCP + BMSC group (n = 10). Real-time in vivo microcomputed tomography analyses were performed immediately postsurgery and at 2, 4, 6 and 10 weeks to determine volume and mineral density of newly formed bone (BVNFB, MDNFB) and remaining ␤-TCP particles (VRBP, MDRBP). At 10 weeks the animals were sacrificed and calvarial specimens were evaluated histologically. Findings and Conclusion: Statistically significant increase in BVNFB and MDNFB were observed as early as 2 weeks, in the ␤-TCP + BMSC group in comparison to other groups. Histologic findings at 10 weeks revealed greatest amount of new bone with abundant osteoblasts, in the ␤-TCP + BMSC group. Based on this study, significant volumes of new bone with high mineral density is formed as early as two weeks following bone regeneration with ␤-TCP + BMSC in rat calvarial defects.

Materials

Bone regeneration using beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) can be practiced using a biocomposite s... more Bone regeneration using beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) can be practiced using a biocomposite scaffold. Poly(ethylene-co-vinylalcohol)/poly(δ-valerolactone)/β-tricalcium phosphate (PEVAV/β-TCP) composite scaffolds showed promising in vitro results. This study evaluated the bone regenerative potential of PEVAV/β-TCP biocomposite scaffolds in standardized calvarial defects in a rat model over 4 and 10 weeks. Bilateral calvarial defects (5 mm in diameter and about 1.5 mm thick, equivalent to the thickness of the calvaria) were created in 40 male Wistar albino rats. The defects were grafted with either commercially available β-TCP (positive control), PEVAV/β-TCP 70, or PEVAV/β-TCP 50, or left empty (negative control), depending on the group to which the animal was randomly assigned, to be covered before flap closure with resorbable collagen membrane (RCM). At 4 and 10 weeks post-surgery, the collected rat calvaria were evaluated using micro computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis, to ...

Applied Sciences

Mandibular reconstruction is a complicated task because of the complex nature of the regional ana... more Mandibular reconstruction is a complicated task because of the complex nature of the regional anatomy. Computer-assisted tools are a promising means of improving the precision and safety of such complex surgeries. The digital techniques utilized in the reconstruction of mandibular defects based on medical data, computer-aided-design approaches, and three-dimensional (3D) printing are widely used to improve the patient’s aesthetic appearance and function, as well as the accuracy and quality of diagnosis, and surgical outcomes. Nevertheless, to ensure an acceptable aesthetical appearance and functional outcomes, the design must be based on proper anatomical reconstruction, mostly done in a virtual environment by skilled design engineers. Mirroring is one of the widely used techniques in the surgical navigation and reconstruction of mandibular defects. However, there are some discrepancies and mismatches in the mirrored anatomical models. Hence, in order to overcome these limitations i...

Case Reports in Dentistry

Salivary gland tumors (SGT) comprise 3% of all head and neck tumors, are mostly benign, and arise... more Salivary gland tumors (SGT) comprise 3% of all head and neck tumors, are mostly benign, and arise frequently in the parotid gland. Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the commonest SGT, representing 60-70% of all benign parotid tumors. Clinically, parotid PA presents as irregular, lobulated, asymptomatic, slow-growing preauricular mass, involving both superficial and deep lobes, and could grow to gigantic proportions. Histologically, PA has epithelial and mesenchymal elements in chondromyxoid matrix and is managed surgically. Based on a review of 43 cases reported in English literature since 1995, giant parotid PA is reported as large as 35 cm (diameter) and 7.3 kg (resected weight). Although rare, 10 cases of malignant transformation were reported in the review. Surgical management included extracapsular dissection (ECD), superficial parotidectomy, and total parotidectomy for benign tumors, and adjuvant radiation or chemotherapy for malignant tumors. We further present the case of a 36-yea...

Journal of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering

Dental Implants and Bone Grafts

Materials

The surface measures of machined titanium alloys as dental materials can be enhanced by adopting ... more The surface measures of machined titanium alloys as dental materials can be enhanced by adopting a decision-making algorithm in the machining process. The surface quality is normally characterized by more than one quality parameter. Hence, it is very important to establish multi-criteria decision making to compute the optimal process factors. In the present study, Taguchi–Grey analysis-based criteria decision making has been applied to the input process factors in the wire EDM (electric discharge machining) process. The recast layer thickness, wire wear ratio and micro hardness have been chosen to evaluate the quality measures. It was found that the wire electrode selection was the most influential factor on the quality measures in the WEDM process, due to its significance in creating spark energy. The optimal arrangement of the input process parameters has been found using the proposed approach as gap voltage (70 V), discharge current (15 A) and duty factor (0.6). It was proved tha...

Applied Sciences

Total alloplastic temporomandibular joint (TMJ) replacement has become common. This in vitro stud... more Total alloplastic temporomandibular joint (TMJ) replacement has become common. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate wear response of custom-fabricated electron beam melted titanium (EBM-Ti), zirconia, and acrylic TMJ parts when subjected to biomechanical simulation testing. Eighteen prosthetic TMJ parts (condyle, glenoid fossa) were custom-fabricated using computer aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) techniques based on patient’s radiographic images. Biomechanical simulation testing of TMJ parts (in different combinations) were done in a modified chewing simulator (108,000 cycles, 1 Hz frequency, 45–60 N compression, strokes-downward 0.15–0.25 s/horizontal, 0.4–0.5 s/upward, 0.25–0.45 s/displacement, 1.5–2.0 mm). Qualitative analysis using scanning electron microscopy revealed wear facets on leading edges of vertical and horizontal simulation strokes. Measurement of pre-test and post-test weights of TMJ parts revealed non-significant reduction in weights due to wear. EBM-Ti an...

Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry

Metals

The use of additive manufacturing in medical applications has become more prevalent over the last... more The use of additive manufacturing in medical applications has become more prevalent over the last decade. Studies have proved that reconstruction plates with a mesh structure enhance the biocompatibility and bone-ingrowth formation. However, limited studies have been reported in the customization and in vivo clinical assessment of mesh implants. The purpose of this study was to investigate the surgical treatment and implant fitting accuracy using three different reconstruction plates. Fifteen goats were divided into one control and three experimental groups (Groups 1, 2, and 3) with five in each group. An experimental segmental defect was created on these animals and was adopted with customized electron beam melting reconstruction titanium plates with mesh in Group 1 and without mesh in Group 2 and commercial reconstruction plate in Group 3. All the animals were subjected to radiographic analysis before and after surgery. The subjected animals were sacrificed after 3 months and the ...

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice

Background: Biomarkers are detected during bone formation and resorption associated with the dyna... more Background: Biomarkers are detected during bone formation and resorption associated with the dynamics of bone metabolism and are gaining importance as preferential indicators of bone healing in comparison with conventional methodologies. Current literature suggests that the usage of bone turnover markers for monitoring bone regeneration in association with biomaterials is limited. Aim: To systematically review literature and evaluate whether bone-biomarkers can independently predict bone regeneration following implantation of various bone biomaterials. Materials and methods: An electronic search was conducted in PubMed (MEDLINE) database from 1980 to January 2017. The articles for systematic review were selected based on formulated inclusion and exclusion criteria Results: Upon database searching, 443 articles were retrieved and thoroughly reviewed based on the inclusion and exclusion

Case Reports in Dentistry

Lateral periodontal cyst (LPC) is an uncommon developmental odontogenic cyst arising on the later... more Lateral periodontal cyst (LPC) is an uncommon developmental odontogenic cyst arising on the lateral surface of tooth roots. Commonly reported in mandibular canine-premolar or maxillary anterior regions, it presents as a well-circumscribed or tear drop-shaped radiolucency with a sclerotic border. Associated teeth are asymptomatic and vital, and roots may be displaced without resorption. Histopathologically, cystic lining resembles reduced enamel epithelium along with glycogen-rich clear cells and epithelial plaques. Unilateral variant of LPC has low recurrence and is managed by enucleation. A 43-year-old male patient reported with asymptomatic swelling in the left mandibular canine and first premolar region. Both teeth were vital, and radiographs revealed well-circumscribed radiolucency between the roots. Following consent, surgical enucleation and guided bone regeneration (GBR) with xenograft and resorbable collagen membrane were done under local anesthesia. The immediate postoperat...

Journal of Investigative Surgery

THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PERIODONTICS AND RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY

Journal of education and health promotion, 2017

Increasing incidence of medically compromised patients seeking dental treatment and implant rehab... more Increasing incidence of medically compromised patients seeking dental treatment and implant rehabilitation, necessitates greater knowledge toward managing such patients. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the perceptions of dental interns in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, toward dental implant therapy for medically compromised patients. Using a convenience random sampling technique, a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted to evaluate the perceptions of the interns from dental schools in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data pertaining to demographic details of the participants, academic grade point average (GPA), clinical implant training and experience and perceptions about dental implant therapy for medically compromised patients were collected. The survey response rate was 82.9% (= 174/210; Males-129/Females-45). Less than half of the interns (= 82/174; 47.1%) had performed dental implants, out of which 41.5% (= 34/82) had placed implants in medically compromised pa...

Journal of investigative surgery : the official journal of the Academy of Surgical Research, Jan 5, 2018

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is commonly used for osseous defect reconstruction. The objective ... more Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is commonly used for osseous defect reconstruction. The objective of this study was to evaluate in real-time (in-vivo) the efficacy of equine bone graft for GBR in segmental critical-size defects (CSD) of the femur in a rat model. Following ethical approval, 30 male Wistar-Albino rats (age 12-14 months/weight 450-500 grams) were included. Under general-anesthesia, a mid-diaphyseal segmental CSD (5 mm) was created in the femur and stabilized using titanium Miniplate(4 holes,1.0 mm thickness). Depending upon material used for GBR, animals were randomly divided into three groups(n = 10/per group). Negative control-Defect covered with resorbable collagen membrane(RCM); Positive control-Defect filled with autologous bone and covered by RCM; Equine bone-Defect filled with equine bone and covered by RCM. Real-time in-vivo Micro-CT was performed at baseline, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks to determine volume and mineral density of newly formed bone (NFB) and remaining bo...

Dentistry

Objective: The aim of our study is to assess compliance of Saudi patients with the course of pres... more Objective: The aim of our study is to assess compliance of Saudi patients with the course of prescribed antibiotics in dentistry by knowing whether patients use antibiotic every day. Method: A cross sectional study has been conducted using a questionnaire as an instrument for data collection from patients. Survey responses were tabulated and analyzed statistically to find the number of compliant patients to the prescribed course of antibiotics, as well as to find if there is any association between compliance and age, gender, and education level. Result: 300 questionnaires were distributed among a cross section of the population in 4 dental centers in Riyadh. Only 126 patients responded, giving a response rate of 42%. According to this study, the percentage of fully compliant patients was 60.3%. There was no significant association between variables and compliance.The reasons for non-compliance among patients included: symptoms disappeared (62%), fear of side effects of medication (18%), no clear instructions about the importance of completing the full course (16%), and patient carelessness (4%). Conclusion: Around 60% of patients complied with the full course of antibiotics as prescribed.

Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials, 2021

Regeneration and reconstruction of segmental bone defects (SBD) is a clinical challenge in maxill... more Regeneration and reconstruction of segmental bone defects (SBD) is a clinical challenge in maxillofacial surgery and orthopedics. The present study evaluated efficacy of guided bone-regeneration (GBR) of rat femoral SBD using osteoconductive equine-bone (EB) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) grafts, either with or without platelet-derived growth-factor (PDGF). Following ethical-approval, 50 male Wistar-Albino rats (aged ~12–15 months and weighing ~450–500 g) were included. A 5 mm femoral critical-size SBD was created and animals were divided into five groups depending on the graft material used for GBR (EB, EB + PDGF, Autograft, beta-TCP, beta-TCP + PDGF; n = 10/group). Following 12-weeks of healing, animals were sacrificed and femur specimens were analyzed through qualitative histology and quantitative histomorphometry. There was new bone bridging femoral SBD in all groups and qualitatively, better bone formation was seen in autograft and EB + PDGF groups. Histomorphometric ...

Journal of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, 2021

Introduction: One of the main challenge of bone graft or socket preservation in particular is to ... more Introduction: One of the main challenge of bone graft or socket preservation in particular is to get good quality and quantity of bone in short time prior to implant bed preparation. The buccal bone at the crest of the ridge is a very thin bone and usually resorb faster than the rest of alveolar bone which may hinder an optimum dento-osseous implant insertion. The purpose of this study will be to assess the bone regeneration capabilities of Tooth Ash Particles (TAP) with injectable Plasma Rich Fibrin (i-PRF) and Tooth Ash Particles (TAP) alone at defects created in the goat mandible bone using micro-computed tomographic (micro-CT). Materials and Methods: A total, 54 bone defect (5 mm × 8 mm) were performed in the 18 goats. The created defect received different treatment (Tx): Tx.A: Unfilled defect (allow natural bone regeneration; Tx.B: Tooth Ash particle (TAP) alone; Tx.C: Tooth Ash + injectable PRF (TAP/i-PRF). Six goats, were sacrificed at different time points:Group 1: at 2nd we...

International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Background: Alloplastic biomaterials have been used for regeneration and reconstruction of osseou... more Background: Alloplastic biomaterials have been used for regeneration and reconstruction of osseous defects. The role of adjuvant bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) in bone regeneration is still unclear. Objectives: The objective of the present in vivo study was to assess bone regeneration in standardised rat calvarial defects using beta-tricalcium phosphate (␤-TCP) with adjuvant BMSC. Methods: A single full-thickness standardised calvarial defect (4.6 mm diameter) was created on the left parietal bone in female Wistar rats (n = 40) weighing approximately 300 g and aged about 12 weeks. The animals were randomly divided into four groups based on the biomaterial used to fill the defect: (1) control group (n = 10); (2) ␤-TCP group (n = 10); (3) BMSC group (n = 10); (4) ␤-TCP + BMSC group (n = 10). Real-time in vivo microcomputed tomography analyses were performed immediately postsurgery and at 2, 4, 6 and 10 weeks to determine volume and mineral density of newly formed bone (BVNFB, MDNFB) and remaining ␤-TCP particles (VRBP, MDRBP). At 10 weeks the animals were sacrificed and calvarial specimens were evaluated histologically. Findings and Conclusion: Statistically significant increase in BVNFB and MDNFB were observed as early as 2 weeks, in the ␤-TCP + BMSC group in comparison to other groups. Histologic findings at 10 weeks revealed greatest amount of new bone with abundant osteoblasts, in the ␤-TCP + BMSC group. Based on this study, significant volumes of new bone with high mineral density is formed as early as two weeks following bone regeneration with ␤-TCP + BMSC in rat calvarial defects.

Materials

Bone regeneration using beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) can be practiced using a biocomposite s... more Bone regeneration using beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) can be practiced using a biocomposite scaffold. Poly(ethylene-co-vinylalcohol)/poly(δ-valerolactone)/β-tricalcium phosphate (PEVAV/β-TCP) composite scaffolds showed promising in vitro results. This study evaluated the bone regenerative potential of PEVAV/β-TCP biocomposite scaffolds in standardized calvarial defects in a rat model over 4 and 10 weeks. Bilateral calvarial defects (5 mm in diameter and about 1.5 mm thick, equivalent to the thickness of the calvaria) were created in 40 male Wistar albino rats. The defects were grafted with either commercially available β-TCP (positive control), PEVAV/β-TCP 70, or PEVAV/β-TCP 50, or left empty (negative control), depending on the group to which the animal was randomly assigned, to be covered before flap closure with resorbable collagen membrane (RCM). At 4 and 10 weeks post-surgery, the collected rat calvaria were evaluated using micro computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis, to ...

Applied Sciences

Mandibular reconstruction is a complicated task because of the complex nature of the regional ana... more Mandibular reconstruction is a complicated task because of the complex nature of the regional anatomy. Computer-assisted tools are a promising means of improving the precision and safety of such complex surgeries. The digital techniques utilized in the reconstruction of mandibular defects based on medical data, computer-aided-design approaches, and three-dimensional (3D) printing are widely used to improve the patient’s aesthetic appearance and function, as well as the accuracy and quality of diagnosis, and surgical outcomes. Nevertheless, to ensure an acceptable aesthetical appearance and functional outcomes, the design must be based on proper anatomical reconstruction, mostly done in a virtual environment by skilled design engineers. Mirroring is one of the widely used techniques in the surgical navigation and reconstruction of mandibular defects. However, there are some discrepancies and mismatches in the mirrored anatomical models. Hence, in order to overcome these limitations i...

Case Reports in Dentistry

Salivary gland tumors (SGT) comprise 3% of all head and neck tumors, are mostly benign, and arise... more Salivary gland tumors (SGT) comprise 3% of all head and neck tumors, are mostly benign, and arise frequently in the parotid gland. Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the commonest SGT, representing 60-70% of all benign parotid tumors. Clinically, parotid PA presents as irregular, lobulated, asymptomatic, slow-growing preauricular mass, involving both superficial and deep lobes, and could grow to gigantic proportions. Histologically, PA has epithelial and mesenchymal elements in chondromyxoid matrix and is managed surgically. Based on a review of 43 cases reported in English literature since 1995, giant parotid PA is reported as large as 35 cm (diameter) and 7.3 kg (resected weight). Although rare, 10 cases of malignant transformation were reported in the review. Surgical management included extracapsular dissection (ECD), superficial parotidectomy, and total parotidectomy for benign tumors, and adjuvant radiation or chemotherapy for malignant tumors. We further present the case of a 36-yea...

Journal of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering

Dental Implants and Bone Grafts

Materials

The surface measures of machined titanium alloys as dental materials can be enhanced by adopting ... more The surface measures of machined titanium alloys as dental materials can be enhanced by adopting a decision-making algorithm in the machining process. The surface quality is normally characterized by more than one quality parameter. Hence, it is very important to establish multi-criteria decision making to compute the optimal process factors. In the present study, Taguchi–Grey analysis-based criteria decision making has been applied to the input process factors in the wire EDM (electric discharge machining) process. The recast layer thickness, wire wear ratio and micro hardness have been chosen to evaluate the quality measures. It was found that the wire electrode selection was the most influential factor on the quality measures in the WEDM process, due to its significance in creating spark energy. The optimal arrangement of the input process parameters has been found using the proposed approach as gap voltage (70 V), discharge current (15 A) and duty factor (0.6). It was proved tha...

Applied Sciences

Total alloplastic temporomandibular joint (TMJ) replacement has become common. This in vitro stud... more Total alloplastic temporomandibular joint (TMJ) replacement has become common. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate wear response of custom-fabricated electron beam melted titanium (EBM-Ti), zirconia, and acrylic TMJ parts when subjected to biomechanical simulation testing. Eighteen prosthetic TMJ parts (condyle, glenoid fossa) were custom-fabricated using computer aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) techniques based on patient’s radiographic images. Biomechanical simulation testing of TMJ parts (in different combinations) were done in a modified chewing simulator (108,000 cycles, 1 Hz frequency, 45–60 N compression, strokes-downward 0.15–0.25 s/horizontal, 0.4–0.5 s/upward, 0.25–0.45 s/displacement, 1.5–2.0 mm). Qualitative analysis using scanning electron microscopy revealed wear facets on leading edges of vertical and horizontal simulation strokes. Measurement of pre-test and post-test weights of TMJ parts revealed non-significant reduction in weights due to wear. EBM-Ti an...

Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry

Metals

The use of additive manufacturing in medical applications has become more prevalent over the last... more The use of additive manufacturing in medical applications has become more prevalent over the last decade. Studies have proved that reconstruction plates with a mesh structure enhance the biocompatibility and bone-ingrowth formation. However, limited studies have been reported in the customization and in vivo clinical assessment of mesh implants. The purpose of this study was to investigate the surgical treatment and implant fitting accuracy using three different reconstruction plates. Fifteen goats were divided into one control and three experimental groups (Groups 1, 2, and 3) with five in each group. An experimental segmental defect was created on these animals and was adopted with customized electron beam melting reconstruction titanium plates with mesh in Group 1 and without mesh in Group 2 and commercial reconstruction plate in Group 3. All the animals were subjected to radiographic analysis before and after surgery. The subjected animals were sacrificed after 3 months and the ...

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice

Background: Biomarkers are detected during bone formation and resorption associated with the dyna... more Background: Biomarkers are detected during bone formation and resorption associated with the dynamics of bone metabolism and are gaining importance as preferential indicators of bone healing in comparison with conventional methodologies. Current literature suggests that the usage of bone turnover markers for monitoring bone regeneration in association with biomaterials is limited. Aim: To systematically review literature and evaluate whether bone-biomarkers can independently predict bone regeneration following implantation of various bone biomaterials. Materials and methods: An electronic search was conducted in PubMed (MEDLINE) database from 1980 to January 2017. The articles for systematic review were selected based on formulated inclusion and exclusion criteria Results: Upon database searching, 443 articles were retrieved and thoroughly reviewed based on the inclusion and exclusion

Case Reports in Dentistry

Lateral periodontal cyst (LPC) is an uncommon developmental odontogenic cyst arising on the later... more Lateral periodontal cyst (LPC) is an uncommon developmental odontogenic cyst arising on the lateral surface of tooth roots. Commonly reported in mandibular canine-premolar or maxillary anterior regions, it presents as a well-circumscribed or tear drop-shaped radiolucency with a sclerotic border. Associated teeth are asymptomatic and vital, and roots may be displaced without resorption. Histopathologically, cystic lining resembles reduced enamel epithelium along with glycogen-rich clear cells and epithelial plaques. Unilateral variant of LPC has low recurrence and is managed by enucleation. A 43-year-old male patient reported with asymptomatic swelling in the left mandibular canine and first premolar region. Both teeth were vital, and radiographs revealed well-circumscribed radiolucency between the roots. Following consent, surgical enucleation and guided bone regeneration (GBR) with xenograft and resorbable collagen membrane were done under local anesthesia. The immediate postoperat...

Journal of Investigative Surgery

THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PERIODONTICS AND RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY

Journal of education and health promotion, 2017

Increasing incidence of medically compromised patients seeking dental treatment and implant rehab... more Increasing incidence of medically compromised patients seeking dental treatment and implant rehabilitation, necessitates greater knowledge toward managing such patients. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the perceptions of dental interns in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, toward dental implant therapy for medically compromised patients. Using a convenience random sampling technique, a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted to evaluate the perceptions of the interns from dental schools in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data pertaining to demographic details of the participants, academic grade point average (GPA), clinical implant training and experience and perceptions about dental implant therapy for medically compromised patients were collected. The survey response rate was 82.9% (= 174/210; Males-129/Females-45). Less than half of the interns (= 82/174; 47.1%) had performed dental implants, out of which 41.5% (= 34/82) had placed implants in medically compromised pa...

Journal of investigative surgery : the official journal of the Academy of Surgical Research, Jan 5, 2018

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is commonly used for osseous defect reconstruction. The objective ... more Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is commonly used for osseous defect reconstruction. The objective of this study was to evaluate in real-time (in-vivo) the efficacy of equine bone graft for GBR in segmental critical-size defects (CSD) of the femur in a rat model. Following ethical approval, 30 male Wistar-Albino rats (age 12-14 months/weight 450-500 grams) were included. Under general-anesthesia, a mid-diaphyseal segmental CSD (5 mm) was created in the femur and stabilized using titanium Miniplate(4 holes,1.0 mm thickness). Depending upon material used for GBR, animals were randomly divided into three groups(n = 10/per group). Negative control-Defect covered with resorbable collagen membrane(RCM); Positive control-Defect filled with autologous bone and covered by RCM; Equine bone-Defect filled with equine bone and covered by RCM. Real-time in-vivo Micro-CT was performed at baseline, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks to determine volume and mineral density of newly formed bone (NFB) and remaining bo...

Dentistry

Objective: The aim of our study is to assess compliance of Saudi patients with the course of pres... more Objective: The aim of our study is to assess compliance of Saudi patients with the course of prescribed antibiotics in dentistry by knowing whether patients use antibiotic every day. Method: A cross sectional study has been conducted using a questionnaire as an instrument for data collection from patients. Survey responses were tabulated and analyzed statistically to find the number of compliant patients to the prescribed course of antibiotics, as well as to find if there is any association between compliance and age, gender, and education level. Result: 300 questionnaires were distributed among a cross section of the population in 4 dental centers in Riyadh. Only 126 patients responded, giving a response rate of 42%. According to this study, the percentage of fully compliant patients was 60.3%. There was no significant association between variables and compliance.The reasons for non-compliance among patients included: symptoms disappeared (62%), fear of side effects of medication (18%), no clear instructions about the importance of completing the full course (16%), and patient carelessness (4%). Conclusion: Around 60% of patients complied with the full course of antibiotics as prescribed.