Sungchul C. Bai - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Sungchul C. Bai

Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, 2014

A 12-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of deficiency of vitamin E (αtocoph... more A 12-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of deficiency of vitamin E (αtocopherol) on the optimal vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid, AA) requirement in diets for juvenile Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Ten diets were formulated to contain two dietary vitamin E levels of 0 (E0) and 200 (E200) mg dl-tocopheryl acetate (TA) and five graded levels (0, 100, 300, 1000 and 3000 mg/kg diet) of AA in the form of L-ascorbyl-2-monophosphate (AMP). Fish averaging 4.81±0.06 g (mean ±SD) were distributed randomly to each aquarium as a group of 25 fishes. Increasing vitamin C levels from 0 to 100 mg/kg diets had significantly improved survival, weight gain and feed efficiency of fish, being particularly evident with vitamin E deficient diet (E0). Broken-line regression analysis indicated that the optimum dietary vitamin C level could be 114.99 mg ascorbic acid (AA)/kg diet in vitamin E deficiency diets (E0) and of 92.16 mg AA/kg diet in vitamin E supplemented diets (E200). The results indicated that vitamin E deficiency could increase the optimum dietary vitamin C level in juvenile Olive flounder.

Aquaculture Research, Apr 1, 1998

Journal of Aquaculture, 2008

We evaluated the optimum dietary lipid level and feeding rates of extruded pellets (EP) in juveni... more We evaluated the optimum dietary lipid level and feeding rates of extruded pellets (EP) in juvenile flounder Paralichthys olivaceus during the summer season. The first experiment was conducted to determine the optimum dietary lipid level in juvenile flounder. Five isonitrogenous EP (52% crude protein) with increasing dietary lipids (6, 8, 10, 12 and 14%) were fed to satiety to triplicate groups of the juveniles () twice a day for 6 weeks. Weight gain (WG) of fish fed EP with 10% lipid was significantly higher than those of fish fed EP with 6 and 14% lipid (P for the maximum WG in juvenile flounder. The second experiment was conducted to determine the optimum feeding rate using experimental diet contained 10% lipid level that had the highest WG in first experiment. The feed intake of triplicate groups of the juveniles () was restricted to four different feeding rates of 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5% of their body weight and to satiation using experimental diets. WG and feed efficiency (FE) of fish was affected by feeding rates. WG and specific growth rate of fish fed the diets increased with increasing feeding rate, however no significant differences (P>0.05) in WG and specific growth rate were observed between the fish fed 3.5% of their body weight and to satiation. FE of fish fed 3.5% of their body weight was significantly higher than those offish fed 2.0% of their body weight and to satiation (P for the maximum WG in juvenile flounder. These results indicated that the optimum lipid level and feeding rate could be (Energy: 4,774kcal and PIE ratio: 108mg protein/kcal in diet) and 3.5% of their body weight in juvenile flounder, respectively.

Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Aug 30, 2011

Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, Sep 1, 2004

Aquaculture Nutrition, Mar 17, 2017

Antioxidants

An 8-week feeding trial was executed to evaluate the efficacy of four functional feed additives i... more An 8-week feeding trial was executed to evaluate the efficacy of four functional feed additives in replacing antibiotics in juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, fed with a low-fish-meal diet. A basal diet without feed additives was used as a control (CON); other diets were formulated by supplementing 0.50% taurine (TW), 0.30% peptide (PT), 0.23% mineral water (MW), 0.35% yeast-extracted nucleotides (GRO), 0.35% GRO + 0.50% taurine (GROTW), 0.35% GRO + 0.30% peptide (GROPT) and 0.35% GRO + 0.23% mineral water (GROMW) into the basal diet; in addition, one diet was supplemented with oxytetracycline (OTC) at 0.5% as a positive control. Triplicate groups of 25 fish with an average weight of 5.15 ± 0.06 g (mean ± SD) were fed one of the nine experimental diets. At the end of the feeding trial, the weight gain, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio of fish fed the GRO, GROMW, GROPT and GROTW diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed the CON diet (p <...

Metabolites

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous... more Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system of living organisms and has the ability to reduce the magnitude of stress in humans and animals. In this study, we evaluated the supplemental effects of GABA on normal and high water temperature based on growth, blood plasma composition as well as heat shock proteins and GABA-related gene expression in juvenile olive flounder. For this, a 2 × 2 factorial design of experiment was employed to investigate the dietary effects of GABA at 0 mg/kg of diet (GABA0 diet) and 200 mg/kg of diet (GABA200 diet) in water temperatures of 20 ± 1 °C (normal temperature) and 27 ± 1 °C (high temperature) for 28 days. A total of 180 fish with an average initial weight of 40.1 ± 0.4 g (mean ± SD) were distributed into 12 tanks, of which, each tank contained 15 fish based on the 4 dietary treatment groups in triplicate. At the end of the feeding trial, the results demonstrated that both temperature and...

Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, 2014

A 12-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of deficiency of vitamin E (αtocoph... more A 12-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of deficiency of vitamin E (αtocopherol) on the optimal vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid, AA) requirement in diets for juvenile Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Ten diets were formulated to contain two dietary vitamin E levels of 0 (E0) and 200 (E200) mg dl-tocopheryl acetate (TA) and five graded levels (0, 100, 300, 1000 and 3000 mg/kg diet) of AA in the form of L-ascorbyl-2-monophosphate (AMP). Fish averaging 4.81±0.06 g (mean ±SD) were distributed randomly to each aquarium as a group of 25 fishes. Increasing vitamin C levels from 0 to 100 mg/kg diets had significantly improved survival, weight gain and feed efficiency of fish, being particularly evident with vitamin E deficient diet (E0). Broken-line regression analysis indicated that the optimum dietary vitamin C level could be 114.99 mg ascorbic acid (AA)/kg diet in vitamin E deficiency diets (E0) and of 92.16 mg AA/kg diet in vitamin E supplemented diets (E200). T...

Asian fisheries science, 2014

The underlying causes of gender inequality are often related to social, cultural and economic fac... more The underlying causes of gender inequality are often related to social, cultural and economic factors. Consequently, the access of women to education, technical training and productive resources is inadequate, particularly for those women in the rural areas and employed in the informal sector. Economic empowerment is a tool to bring about greater inclusion in society. With these concepts in mind, the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India, funded a project in Kerala state that introduces edible oyster culture (Crassostrea madrasensis Preston) and its value-addition as a livelihood option for fisherwomen. Value addition of the oyster meat was also introduced to the women SHGs in this project. Value addition generate profits of INR 37.43, INR 97.49 and INR 106.37 from per kilogram of fish cutlets made, oyster meat and prawn pickle respectively. The aim of this paper is to highlight how needs based, location specific technology interventions can contribute to w...

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of glucan on growt... more This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of glucan on growth and immune responses in juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus fed the white fish meal based diets for 6 weeks. Five experimental diets supplemented with glucan at 0, 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1 % (Control, , respectively) of diet on a dry-matter basis. Five experimental diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric to contain 50.0% crude protein and 16.7 kJ available energy . Fish averaging were randomly distributed in each aquarium as triplicate groups of 15 fish. Weight gain (WG, %), specific growth rate (SGR, %), and feed efficiency (FE, %) of fish fed diet were found significantly higher than those of fish fed Control, diets (P. Chemiluminescent responses (CL) of fish fed diet were significantly higher than those of fish fed the other diets. Serum lysozyme activities of fish fed and diets were higher than those of fish fed control, and diets. Fish fed diet showed a...

Aquaculture Reports, 2020

Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 2019

This study evaluated the effects of replacing fish oil (FO) with beef tallow (BT) in juvenile oli... more This study evaluated the effects of replacing fish oil (FO) with beef tallow (BT) in juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (3.93 ± 0.07 g), over 8 weeks. Seven diets, consisting of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% replacement of FO with BT and 63 and 75.9% replacement supplemented with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) at 0.9 and 1.1% of 100 g diet, respectively, were distributed into 21 tanks in a semi‐recirculation system with 15 fish per tank. The replacement of FO with BT at the given levels showed no significant changes (p > .05) in growth performance and whole‐body proximate composition. Fish fed the diet of 75.9% replacement with 1.1% DHA supplementation showed the best performance in these measurements among the treatments. Plasma glutamic pyruvic transaminase, cholesterol, high‐ and low‐density lipoproteins, and total protein were not significantly influenced by the replacement of FO with BT. The FO replacement generally resulted in a reduction of eicosapentaenoic acid, DHA, a...

JOURNAL OF FISHRIES AND MARINE SCIENCES EDUCATION, 2019

Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, 2014

A 12-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of deficiency of vitamin E (αtocoph... more A 12-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of deficiency of vitamin E (αtocopherol) on the optimal vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid, AA) requirement in diets for juvenile Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Ten diets were formulated to contain two dietary vitamin E levels of 0 (E0) and 200 (E200) mg dl-tocopheryl acetate (TA) and five graded levels (0, 100, 300, 1000 and 3000 mg/kg diet) of AA in the form of L-ascorbyl-2-monophosphate (AMP). Fish averaging 4.81±0.06 g (mean ±SD) were distributed randomly to each aquarium as a group of 25 fishes. Increasing vitamin C levels from 0 to 100 mg/kg diets had significantly improved survival, weight gain and feed efficiency of fish, being particularly evident with vitamin E deficient diet (E0). Broken-line regression analysis indicated that the optimum dietary vitamin C level could be 114.99 mg ascorbic acid (AA)/kg diet in vitamin E deficiency diets (E0) and of 92.16 mg AA/kg diet in vitamin E supplemented diets (E200). The results indicated that vitamin E deficiency could increase the optimum dietary vitamin C level in juvenile Olive flounder.

Aquaculture Research, Apr 1, 1998

Journal of Aquaculture, 2008

We evaluated the optimum dietary lipid level and feeding rates of extruded pellets (EP) in juveni... more We evaluated the optimum dietary lipid level and feeding rates of extruded pellets (EP) in juvenile flounder Paralichthys olivaceus during the summer season. The first experiment was conducted to determine the optimum dietary lipid level in juvenile flounder. Five isonitrogenous EP (52% crude protein) with increasing dietary lipids (6, 8, 10, 12 and 14%) were fed to satiety to triplicate groups of the juveniles () twice a day for 6 weeks. Weight gain (WG) of fish fed EP with 10% lipid was significantly higher than those of fish fed EP with 6 and 14% lipid (P for the maximum WG in juvenile flounder. The second experiment was conducted to determine the optimum feeding rate using experimental diet contained 10% lipid level that had the highest WG in first experiment. The feed intake of triplicate groups of the juveniles () was restricted to four different feeding rates of 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5% of their body weight and to satiation using experimental diets. WG and feed efficiency (FE) of fish was affected by feeding rates. WG and specific growth rate of fish fed the diets increased with increasing feeding rate, however no significant differences (P>0.05) in WG and specific growth rate were observed between the fish fed 3.5% of their body weight and to satiation. FE of fish fed 3.5% of their body weight was significantly higher than those offish fed 2.0% of their body weight and to satiation (P for the maximum WG in juvenile flounder. These results indicated that the optimum lipid level and feeding rate could be (Energy: 4,774kcal and PIE ratio: 108mg protein/kcal in diet) and 3.5% of their body weight in juvenile flounder, respectively.

Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Aug 30, 2011

Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, Sep 1, 2004

Aquaculture Nutrition, Mar 17, 2017

Antioxidants

An 8-week feeding trial was executed to evaluate the efficacy of four functional feed additives i... more An 8-week feeding trial was executed to evaluate the efficacy of four functional feed additives in replacing antibiotics in juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, fed with a low-fish-meal diet. A basal diet without feed additives was used as a control (CON); other diets were formulated by supplementing 0.50% taurine (TW), 0.30% peptide (PT), 0.23% mineral water (MW), 0.35% yeast-extracted nucleotides (GRO), 0.35% GRO + 0.50% taurine (GROTW), 0.35% GRO + 0.30% peptide (GROPT) and 0.35% GRO + 0.23% mineral water (GROMW) into the basal diet; in addition, one diet was supplemented with oxytetracycline (OTC) at 0.5% as a positive control. Triplicate groups of 25 fish with an average weight of 5.15 ± 0.06 g (mean ± SD) were fed one of the nine experimental diets. At the end of the feeding trial, the weight gain, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio of fish fed the GRO, GROMW, GROPT and GROTW diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed the CON diet (p <...

Metabolites

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous... more Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system of living organisms and has the ability to reduce the magnitude of stress in humans and animals. In this study, we evaluated the supplemental effects of GABA on normal and high water temperature based on growth, blood plasma composition as well as heat shock proteins and GABA-related gene expression in juvenile olive flounder. For this, a 2 × 2 factorial design of experiment was employed to investigate the dietary effects of GABA at 0 mg/kg of diet (GABA0 diet) and 200 mg/kg of diet (GABA200 diet) in water temperatures of 20 ± 1 °C (normal temperature) and 27 ± 1 °C (high temperature) for 28 days. A total of 180 fish with an average initial weight of 40.1 ± 0.4 g (mean ± SD) were distributed into 12 tanks, of which, each tank contained 15 fish based on the 4 dietary treatment groups in triplicate. At the end of the feeding trial, the results demonstrated that both temperature and...

Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, 2014

A 12-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of deficiency of vitamin E (αtocoph... more A 12-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of deficiency of vitamin E (αtocopherol) on the optimal vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid, AA) requirement in diets for juvenile Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Ten diets were formulated to contain two dietary vitamin E levels of 0 (E0) and 200 (E200) mg dl-tocopheryl acetate (TA) and five graded levels (0, 100, 300, 1000 and 3000 mg/kg diet) of AA in the form of L-ascorbyl-2-monophosphate (AMP). Fish averaging 4.81±0.06 g (mean ±SD) were distributed randomly to each aquarium as a group of 25 fishes. Increasing vitamin C levels from 0 to 100 mg/kg diets had significantly improved survival, weight gain and feed efficiency of fish, being particularly evident with vitamin E deficient diet (E0). Broken-line regression analysis indicated that the optimum dietary vitamin C level could be 114.99 mg ascorbic acid (AA)/kg diet in vitamin E deficiency diets (E0) and of 92.16 mg AA/kg diet in vitamin E supplemented diets (E200). T...

Asian fisheries science, 2014

The underlying causes of gender inequality are often related to social, cultural and economic fac... more The underlying causes of gender inequality are often related to social, cultural and economic factors. Consequently, the access of women to education, technical training and productive resources is inadequate, particularly for those women in the rural areas and employed in the informal sector. Economic empowerment is a tool to bring about greater inclusion in society. With these concepts in mind, the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India, funded a project in Kerala state that introduces edible oyster culture (Crassostrea madrasensis Preston) and its value-addition as a livelihood option for fisherwomen. Value addition of the oyster meat was also introduced to the women SHGs in this project. Value addition generate profits of INR 37.43, INR 97.49 and INR 106.37 from per kilogram of fish cutlets made, oyster meat and prawn pickle respectively. The aim of this paper is to highlight how needs based, location specific technology interventions can contribute to w...

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of glucan on growt... more This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of glucan on growth and immune responses in juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus fed the white fish meal based diets for 6 weeks. Five experimental diets supplemented with glucan at 0, 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1 % (Control, , respectively) of diet on a dry-matter basis. Five experimental diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric to contain 50.0% crude protein and 16.7 kJ available energy . Fish averaging were randomly distributed in each aquarium as triplicate groups of 15 fish. Weight gain (WG, %), specific growth rate (SGR, %), and feed efficiency (FE, %) of fish fed diet were found significantly higher than those of fish fed Control, diets (P. Chemiluminescent responses (CL) of fish fed diet were significantly higher than those of fish fed the other diets. Serum lysozyme activities of fish fed and diets were higher than those of fish fed control, and diets. Fish fed diet showed a...

Aquaculture Reports, 2020

Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 2019

This study evaluated the effects of replacing fish oil (FO) with beef tallow (BT) in juvenile oli... more This study evaluated the effects of replacing fish oil (FO) with beef tallow (BT) in juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (3.93 ± 0.07 g), over 8 weeks. Seven diets, consisting of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% replacement of FO with BT and 63 and 75.9% replacement supplemented with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) at 0.9 and 1.1% of 100 g diet, respectively, were distributed into 21 tanks in a semi‐recirculation system with 15 fish per tank. The replacement of FO with BT at the given levels showed no significant changes (p > .05) in growth performance and whole‐body proximate composition. Fish fed the diet of 75.9% replacement with 1.1% DHA supplementation showed the best performance in these measurements among the treatments. Plasma glutamic pyruvic transaminase, cholesterol, high‐ and low‐density lipoproteins, and total protein were not significantly influenced by the replacement of FO with BT. The FO replacement generally resulted in a reduction of eicosapentaenoic acid, DHA, a...

JOURNAL OF FISHRIES AND MARINE SCIENCES EDUCATION, 2019