Sunil Sharma - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Sunil Sharma

We are living in the technological era, where everything is integrated with each other. If we are... more We are living in the technological era, where everything is integrated with each other. If we are discussing regarding communication, it is integrated with one or two technologies. If we are discussing regarding automation, discussing regarding Image processing, discussing regarding embedded system, they all are integrated with a combination of technologies. Correspondingly Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Photonics are also integrated with each other. Now a day as AI is utilizing with photonics in abundant fields as well photonics is also serving AI to facilitate ultrafast AI networks to offer a novel class of Information Processing Machines (IPM). This chapter is based on identification and implementation of photonics for AI utility and AI for photonics. In this category a Dual core Photonics crystal fiber (PCF) is proposed which serve to identify infected cells of human being along with the integration of AI. This proposed design of PCF is providing relative sensitivity and confinement loss in an optimized manner with the impact of AI. Here potency of AI as well as of Photonics is explained to serve their applications related to each other.

Environment is an important issue these days for the whole world. Different strategies and techno... more Environment is an important issue these days for the whole world. Different strategies and technologies are used to save the environment. Technology is the application of knowledge to practical requirements. Green technologies encompass various aspects of technology which help us reduce the human impact on the environment and creates ways of sustainable development. Social equability, this book series will enlighten the green technology in different ways, aspects and methods. This technology helps people to understand the use of different resources to fulfil needs and demands. Some points will be discussed as the combination of involuntary approaches, government incentives and a comprehensive regulatory framework will encourage the diffusion of green technology, least developed countries and developing small island states require unique support and measures to promote the green technologies.

Due to the ever growing demand for high speed processors advancement in the technology regards to... more Due to the ever growing demand for high speed processors advancement in the technology regards to speed is the peak area of interest. The first word strike when the parameter speed is concerned is multiplication. Since multiplication is an important fundamental function in all mathematical computations it dominates the execution time of most throughput determination & CPU cycle time of a system. In a typical processor, Multiplication is one of the basic arithmetic operations and it requires substantially more hardware resources and processing time than addition and subtraction. In fact, 8.72% of all the instruction in typical processing units is multipliers. In computers, a typical central processing unit devotes a considerable amount of processing time in implementing arithmetic operations, particularly multiplication operations. In this project, the comparative study of different multipliers is done for low power requirement and high speed, also gives information of "Urdhva Tiryakbhyam" algorithm of Ancient Indian Vedic Mathematics which is utilized for multiplication to improve the speed, area parameters of multipliers. In this paper, we develop a novel architecture to perform high speed multiplication using ancient Vedic mathematics. One of the most efficient sutra in Vedic mathematics named as Urdhva Triyakbhyam strikes a difference in the actual multiplication process. In current scenario, the reversible logic design attracting more interest due to its low power consumption. Reversible logic is very important in low-power circuit design. The important reversible gates used for reversible logic synthesis are Feynman Gate, Fredkin gate, toffoli gate, New Gate sayem gate and peres gate etc. In this paper, evaluating various bits of reversible Vedic multiplier circuits based on Urdhava Triyakbhyam Sutras (Vertical and Crosswise Algorithm) to optimize the area, Quantum cost and garbage output of the Vedic multiplier circuits. This multiplier can be efficiently adopted in designing Fast Fourier Transforms (FFTs) Filters and other applications of DSP like imaging, software defined radios, wireless communications. The Total Reversible Logic Implementation Cost (TRLIC) is used as an aid to evaluate the proposed design. The proposed algorithm is developed using Verilog HDL. Implementation has been done using Xilinx14.6.

Photonic crystal fibers (PCF) have been investigate two decade back to improve the transmission p... more Photonic crystal fibers (PCF) have been investigate two decade back to improve the transmission properties. Initially Optical fibers were in used to transmit data through long channels. There were a great loss of information and the received data was not able to serve properly in all manners. So later on in the field of investigation in 1956 the term was first coined by Mr. N.S. Kapany while he was working in images transmitting device named fiberscope. Number of research papers available in the field of Photonic crystal fibers with different design parameters. Everyone tried to receive better output characteristics using their designs. Here in this paper we also tried to design an angularly displaced blocked to spherical hexagonal structure of PCF using Silica as a PCF material. The aim of this design is to achieve improved optical characteristics by considering various optical parameters. Here Prime consideration for the proposed design are Selecting the diameter of air holes, maintaining the distance between two air holes which is known as pitch, selecting the number of rings or layers for the proposed design. Thereafter with these input parameters the design is simulated to obtain better optical characteristics. Here we try to improve Dispersion, Transmission factor, Confinement loss and Refractive index using sellemier equation.

Looking to the scenario, we all know that there is no vaccine available to cure the Corona virus.... more Looking to the scenario, we all know that there is no vaccine available to cure the Corona virus. WHO declared it is as international Pandemic. So the only way to be safe from this disease is by avoiding social gathering and by using mask, while you all are in public place. But question arises when someone got infected by this virus then how we will come to know that he or she got infected by COVID-19 virus? So this paper tries to find out the solution of various causes of this disease. Actually as we know that main symptoms of COVID-19 are high fever, congestion in breathing, chaste pain, Dry cough, body pains etc. So here author try to find out the detection and analysis of these symptoms by using Photonic crystal fiber. Number of analytical reports related to this virus of various tastes has been investigated and then a decision is made to detect and analyze the corona virus by using Photonic crystal fiber sensors.

This work proposes the design and optimization of Refractive index and minimizing the loss for li... more This work proposes the design and optimization of Refractive index and minimizing the loss for liquid filled silica photonic crystal fiber. Number of research papers has been investigated to get the best result with the proposed design. The core of the proposed Silica PCF structure is designed with liquid filled air holes. Numerical analysis is being carried out by using the Finite Element Effective Index Method (FVEIM) to calculate the modal dispersion, confinement loss and nonlinear coefficient of the proposed Silica PCF structure. Transparent boundary condition (TBC) is proposed here for the calculation of Refractive index. The design is proposed with three layers parallelopid hexagonal with water as a liquid filled having core diameter 1 micrometer, pitch value 2 micrometer. The calculated dispersion is near about to zero while the refractive index calculated is 1.457 which is quite similar to silica. Finally, it is concluded that the work presented in this paper shows the low loss and zero dispersion for liquid filled silica photonic crystal fiber.

The proposed design of Borosilicate Crown Glass Honeycomb photonic crystal fiber is for minimizin... more The proposed design of Borosilicate Crown Glass Honeycomb photonic crystal fiber is for minimizing the chromatic dispersion. Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method and transparent boundary condition (TBC) is used to propose this design. To simulate this design we use optifdtd software. This method produced minimum dispersion at 1.9μm of 0.5μm diameter and 3 μm pitch. Such PCF have high potential to be used as a dispersion compensating fiber in optical window. The refractive index calculated with this method is equal to the conventional borosilicate i.e. 1.5168.

$Research paper thumbnail of Analysis of Refractive index Profile Sunil Shanu$

The photonic crystal fibers have been widely used materials as a transmission medium for communic... more The photonic crystal fibers have been widely used materials as a transmission medium for communication purpose. They have been proposed 2 decade back and now a day they have preferred highest among all other transmission medium. Mostly Silica photonic crystal fibers are in use as a material for the PCF. Silica is the purest form of SiO2 which is easily available from the sand as a raw material. Chalcogenide glasses show high refractive indexes for sulfide glasses. High refractive index yields high Fresnel refraction loss and the well-guidance of cladding modes, which are the two major problems related to the light injection into chalcogenide glass fibers. The refractive index (n) of a given glass is wavelength (k) dependent. Chalcogenide glasses are transparent from the visible to the near infrared region and can be moulded into lenses or drawn into fibres. They have useful commercial applications as components for lenses for infrared cameras, and chalcogenide glass fibres and optical components are used in waveguides for use with lasers, for optical switching, chemical and temperature sensing and phase change memories. Chalcogenide glasses comprehensively reviews the latest technological advances in this field and the industrial applications of the technology.

A Microstrip patch antenna design is characterized and optimized using HFSS antenna simulation so... more A Microstrip patch antenna design is characterized and optimized using HFSS antenna simulation software. In this thesis we will see the effects of EBG structures with Microstrip patch antenna. Microstrip patch antennas became very popular because of ease of analysis and fabrication, and their attractive radiation characteristics. But also, they have some drawbacks of low efficiency, narrow bandwidth and surface wave losses. We will discuss only about surface waves and its losses. In order to overcome this limitation, EBG (Electromagnetic Band gap) Structures are inserted in the Microstrip Patch Antenna and due to this MS Antenna performance is improved. These periodic structures have the unique property of preventing the propagation of electromagnetic waves for specific frequencies and directions. The aim of this project is to design and simulate the new EBG structures operating at 2.4GHz resonant frequency and study the performance of the rectangular Microstrip patch antenna with and without EBG structure. The substrate material is changed from RT Duroid (material in nominal HFSS design) to FR4 due to lower cost and availability. The operating frequency is changed from 2.3GHz (specified in nominal HFSS design) to 2.4GHz for wireless communication applications. Required dimensional adjustments when changing substrate materials and operating frequencies for this antenna are non-trivial and the new design procedure is used to tune the antenna. The experimental results are compared to theoretical predictions. The results show that the new design procedure can be successfully applied to Microstrip patch antenna design.

Universal Asynchronous Receiver / Transmitter is abbreviated as UART. The UART is actually used b... more Universal Asynchronous Receiver / Transmitter is abbreviated as UART. The UART is actually used between slow and fast peripheral devices. For instance: Printer and Computer or between LCD and controller. As a result of this reason, UART is principally employed for short distance, low speed and reasonably priced. The projected model illustrates UART utilizing the UART realization technique using FIFO with the assistance of the VHDL description language. The UART is just a protocol that's used to transmit records or information in serial formation, which will be in serial communication approach. A distinctive computer chip referred to as a universal asynchronous transmitter of the receiver acts as an edge involving the parallel bus communication of the computer and the serial transmission of the serial port. In today's UART delve into work; it is designed for 8, 16, 32, 64,128 bits. All drawings are simulated with the Xilinx ISE tool. Finally, all projects are implemented in numerous FPGA board families.

There has been great amount of work done in the field of network intrusion detection over the pas... more There has been great amount of work done in the field of network intrusion detection over the past 20-30 years. With networks getting faster and with the increasing dependence on the Internet both at the personal and commercial level, intrusion detection becomes a challenging process. The challenge here is not only to be able to actively monitor large numbers of systems but also to be able to react quickly to different events. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) aim at detecting intrusions that is actions that attempt to compromise the confidentiality, integrity and availability of computer resources. An intrusion Detection System (IDS) is a passive system which relies on the system administrator to take action when an attack is detected. The latency between an attack detection and corrective action taken by the administrator is usually high and therefore, by the time the administrator notices an attack and takes an action, the damage is already done. This necessitates the need for an Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) which can not only detect attacks but can also actively responds to them. Intrusion Prevention is a preemptive approach to system security which is used to identify potential threats and respond to them swiftly. In real environments IDSs have been observed to trigger busts of alerts. Most of them are false positives, i.e., alerts not related to security incidents. Evaluation of Vulnerabilities with vulnerability signatures would provide a clear picture of all hosts on the network, the service that they provide and also information on the known vulnerabilities. This information would help the administrator in application classification as well as in configuring IDS and can also be used to assign priority to an alert. In this paper, I describe the design and implementation of Intrusion detection, Intrusion Prevention and evaluation of vulnerabilities with vulnerability signatures for IDS. IDS is built on open source software, Snort, for signature based detection. A new version of Snort, Snort inline has been released which has intrusion prevention capability. I have tried to classify the applications in order to enhance the performance of the IPS by manipulating the Snort signatures such that least amount of false positives or false negatives are observed. The aim of creating vulnerability signatures is to prevent the vulnerabilities of devices monitored by IDS/IPS at regular intervals and to use this information to assign priority to alerts generated by Snort. A vulnerability signature matches all exploits of a given vulnerability, even polymorphic or metamorphic variants. In addition, this thesis contains a detailed explanation of design and implementation of work done on load and performance testing of the IDS/IPS device by manipulating signatures with proper results.

Photonic crystal fiber is a widely searched research area which grabs the attention of researcher... more Photonic crystal fiber is a widely searched research area which grabs the attention of researchers towards this field. Actually since last two decade innovations and experiments have been increased in this field. Here various materials and design are used for calculation of dispersion, minimizing the loss, verifying the refractive index [13 14, 15] of the material used etc. Since Photonic crystal fibers [10-15] have various properties among them the above mentioned are widely used to calculate and measure in every design and structure. In this paper we tried to compare the above mentioned properties of various materials like the conventional material of PCF [10-11] is Silica Glass [1-2], borosilicate crown glass (BK7) [3], chalcogenide glass [4-5], Borofloat glass [6], GE 124 & NSG OZ, Vycor [7-8] and Soda Lime [9].Apart from the mentioned properties we have also considered some other physical and chemical properties of these materials. To compare all these properties of these materials we used to refer various articles and research papers then finally concluded that all the three material have their own merits and demerits and they shows their properties in best manner for the selected wavelength region. We have prepared various tables with the data collected and draw graphs between them to show the variation of these parameters for various material used.

This work proposes the design and optimization of Refractive index and minimizing the loss for li... more This work proposes the design and optimization of Refractive index and minimizing the loss for liquid filled silica photonic crystal fiber. Number of research papers has been investigated to get the best result with the proposed design. The core of the proposed Silica PCF structure is designed with liquid filled air holes. Numerical analysis is being carried out by using the Finite Element Effective Index Method (FVEIM) to calculate the modal dispersion, confinement loss and nonlinear coefficient of the proposed Silica PCF structure. Transparent boundary condition (TBC) is proposed here for the calculation of Refractive index. The design is proposed with three layers parallelopid hexagonal with water as a liquid filled having core diameter 1 micrometer, pitch value 2 micrometer. The calculated dispersion is near about to zero while the refractive index calculated is 1.457 which is quite similar to silica. Finally it is concluded that the work presented in this paper shows the low loss and zero dispersion for liquid filled silica photonic crystal fiber.

This paper presents a novel design of compact ultra-wideband (UWB) microstrip antenna with dual b... more This paper presents a novel design of compact ultra-wideband (UWB) microstrip antenna with dual band-notched characteristics. The recommendedUWB antenna consists of Symmetrical Split Ring Resonator (SSRR) and Symmetrical Arc-shape parasitic stripsaroundradiating patch to create dual band-notch characteristics in 3.8 to 4.2 GHz frequency band for C-band and 7.25 to 7.75 GHz for X-band satellite communications respectively. The SSRR and Arc-shape metal stripeffects exhibited by using vector surface current distribution. Presented compact structure shows the improvedband notched characteristics and the good omnidirectional radiation patterns in the passband. The proposed antenna is operated over 3 to 11GHz for VSWR < 2. All simulations in this work have been carried out by using the electromagnetic software Ansoft HFSS.Proposed dual band notched antenna fabricated and measured to verify the concept and found a good agreement between measured and simulated results.

Photonic crystal fiber (PCFs) are the branch of silica based optical fiber where vent to pass the... more Photonic crystal fiber (PCFs) are the branch of silica based optical fiber where vent to pass the air are dig into the outer region of core and these seem to be moving ahead in the direction of axis of the parent fiber .PCF have been in acquaintance since the days when research in the region of light source based on silica was on the high. Crystal fibers are available in various architectures as to allow air through the holes which were distributed. Kiser et al, was the principle investigator in earliest era of silica based fiber that made material fiber from single material and also minimized the losses. His work was further explained by Russell and his co-workers as Photonic crystal fiber (PCF). Micro-structured optical fibers(MOFs). In the presented work, I considered an air-silica lattice and demonstrate a new approach to design the formation of a core defect. For this case I have considered some variations in the diameters of different layers. Here the traditional design of PCF is omitted and a novel design of PCF is proposed using optiFDTD to minimize dispersion. Minimization of dispersion in the proposed design was not easy as I tried to minimize the dispersion value other parameters such air-hole diameter and pitch were changing with respect to each other, thus require adjustment. Finally the proposed design was achieved with minimum dispersion and required refractive index. However all the result changes have been demonstrated through the various plots and nearly zero dispersion calculation is obtained which was a desired aspects for and type of PCF. All the parameters are clearly mentioned and results are placed with all plots.

$Research paper thumbnail of Analysis of Refractive index Profile Sunil Shanu$

This work proposes the design and optimization of Refractive index and minimizing the loss for li... more This work proposes the design and optimization of Refractive index and minimizing the loss for liquid filled silica photonic crystal fiber. Number of research papers has been investigated to get the best result with the proposed design. The core of the proposed Silica PCF structure is designed with liquid filled air holes. Numerical analysis is being carried out by using the Finite Element Effective Index Method (FVEIM) to calculate the modal dispersion, confinement loss and nonlinear coefficient of the proposed Silica PCF structure. Transparent boundary condition (TBC) is proposed here for the calculation of Refractive index. The design is proposed with three layers parallelopid hexagonal with water as a liquid filled having core diameter 1 micrometer, pitch value 2 micrometer. The calculated dispersion is near about to zero while the refractive index calculated is 1.457 which is quite similar to silica. Finally it is concluded that the work presented in this paper shows the low loss and zero dispersion for liquid filled silica photonic crystal fiber.