Surajudeen Junaid - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Surajudeen Junaid

Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, Feb 21, 2017

2023 International Conference on Science, Engineering and Business for Sustainable Development Goals (SEB-SDG)

Journal of Applied Sciences, Mar 15, 2023

Salmonella infection remains a major global health problem and worsened by lack of appropriate di... more Salmonella infection remains a major global health problem and worsened by lack of appropriate diagnostic tools to aid early detection and teatment, particularly in low-income nations . Salmonella typhi is the most common causative agent of typhoid fever and the prevalence of this illness has been on the increase specifically in areas of poor personal hygiene and sanitation. This study was carried out to further improve the diagnosis of salmonella infection, through a mathematical regression model. An analysis was performed using the logistic regression approach and the predictability of the model was done by extracting fifteen (15) typhoid observations from the obtained samples; for the model to predict their status. The model was able to accurately predict 66.7% of the observations. This study showed an increased prevalence in typhoid fever including a significant correlation between typhoid fever and other parameters. The global burden of this illness can be minimized by proper v...

Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a common fruit tree that grows in several tropical and subtropical ... more Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a common fruit tree that grows in several tropical and subtropical parts of the world. The aim of this study was to employ the use of liquid-liquid fractionation to investigative the comparative antibacterial potential of crude extracts of Guava leaves and bark against selected food isolates; Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumonia, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. The phytochemical analysis of the extract showed presence of tannin, phenol, flavonoid and terpenoid in all extract, while steroid and saponin were absent in some. The agar diffusion method was employed for the assessment of the sensitivity of the extracts. The ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions from the stem bark acetone extract generally showed better antimicrobial activity compared with other extracts from leaves. The extract was active both against gram positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus and Streptococcus pneumonia) and gram negative bacteria (Escheric...

British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, 2015

Aim: This study was undertaken to determine the effect of HEV on liver function enzymes. HEV is e... more Aim: This study was undertaken to determine the effect of HEV on liver function enzymes. HEV is endemic in most developing countries, where the prevalence of HEV IgG antibody can be as high as 50%. Acute HEV infection is known to be a cause of decompensated liver cirrhosis. Several studies have suggested that elevated serum ALT and AST may be markers of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection. Original Research Article Junaid and Agina; BJMMR, 5(10): 1309-1316, 2015; Article no.BJMMR.2015.149 1310 Study Design: Cross sectional epidemiological survey. Place and Duration: The study was carried out in three geographical zones of Plateau State, over a six month period from July to December, 2012. Methodology: A total of 426 human subjects were recruited for the study; categorized into 4 groups: apparently healthy (190), pregnant women (108), HIV positive patients (80), and animal handlers (48). Blood samples were collected and analyzed for HEV antibodies (IgG and IgM) using ELISA technique. HEV seropositive samples were then subjected to measurement of liver enzymes (ALT and AST), using Randox kits (Randox USA). Results obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 17.0 statistical software. Results: Elevated ALT and AST levels of up to 1.5 folds to 3 folds above normal in seropositive subjects were found. HIV positive subjects and animal handlers recorded the highest elevated ALT level up to twice (2 folds) the upper limit of normal, (21.0±0.0 I.U/L and 19.0±0.0 I.U/L respectively), while apparently healthy subjects had the least elevated ALT level 1.5 folds the upper limit of normal (14.0±0.0 I.U/L). With regards to AST, pregnant women had the highest level of up to 3 folds of the upper limit of normal with mean of 47.7±45.5 I.U/L, followed by apparently healthy subjects with a mean of 36.2±14.2 I.U/L, but least among animal handlers that recorded a mean of 35.0±0.0 I.U/L. Conclusion: Hepatitis E Virus infection is associated with elevated ALT & AST values. However, this association needs further evaluation by researchers.

International Blood Research & Reviews, 2014

Aim: To investigate the haematological manifestations of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) seropositivity. ... more Aim: To investigate the haematological manifestations of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) seropositivity. Study Design: Cross sectional study. We included 592 subjects in the study; (426 humans and 166 animals). Humans were categorized into 4 groups: apparently healthy (190), pregnant women (108), HIV positive patients (80), and animal handlers (48). The animals were made up of pigs (67), goats (43), sheep (19) and cattle (37). Methodology: Blood samples were collected and analyzed for HEV antibodies (IgG and IgM) using ELISA technique. Human samples were analyzed using the Abacus Junior Auto Haematology Analyser while the animal Samples were analyzed using Mindray BC28000Vet Auto Haematology Analyser. Results obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 17.0 statistical software. Results: Haematological manifestations of HEV seropositivity revealed a significant decrease in Haematocrit (HCT) value among pregnant women (IgG; P=.008, 28.9±2.3 vs 36.5±1.7), while among apparently healthy subjects, results revealed a reduced Red Blood Cells (RBC) count (IgG; P=.003, 4.2±0.2 vs 4.9±0.2), Platelets (PLT) count (IgG;

Journal of Virology Research & Reports, 2022

Genomic Diversity of Omicron The Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) belongs to Pango lineage B.1.1.529, ... more Genomic Diversity of Omicron The Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) belongs to Pango lineage B.1.1.529, Nextstrain clade 21K, and is characterized by at least thirty (30) amino acid substitutions, three (3) small deletions and one (1) small insertion in the spike protein compared to the original virus (A67V,

Modern Health Science, 2022

Background: Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) is frequent among Nigerians. Many peop... more Background: Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) is frequent among Nigerians. Many people are infected without realizing it (asymptomatic) and thus provide a risk of transmission to others. Not only will early treatment prevent TB complications, but it will also help to break the infection cycle in a community. Objective: The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis IgM and IgG antibodies and associated risk factors among apparently healthy undergraduate Students of Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State. Methodology: The serum samples of 100 consenting participants were collected randomly and screened for TB antibodies using Aria TB IgG/IgM Combo Rapid Antibody Test Cassette (CTK Biotech Inc. Poway, CA 92064, USA). A structured questionnaire was administered to consenting students to obtain information on their bio-data (e.g, the age, sex, study level etc.), as well as clinical information regarding their health (History of TB, h...

ABSTR ACT: A cross-sectional study in Nigeria was undertaken to determine the epidemiology, serop... more ABSTR ACT: A cross-sectional study in Nigeria was undertaken to determine the epidemiology, seroprevalence, and associated risk factors, of hepatitis E virus (HEV). A total of 462 subjects were used for the study, categorized into four groups: apparently healthy persons, pregnant women, HIV positive subjects, and animal handlers. Information was obtained from subjects using interviewer-administered questionnaire. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for HEV antibodies (IgG and IgM) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Results obtained were analyzed using Sta-tistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0 statistical software. The overall seroprevalence of IgG and IgM was 42.7 and 0.9%, respectively.

Sero-survey of rubella IgM antibodies was carried out among children aged 0-10 years in Jos, Nige... more Sero-survey of rubella IgM antibodies was carried out among children aged 0-10 years in Jos, Nigeria. Blood samples were collected from the subjects and sera extracted. Of the 93(100%) assayed for the rubella IgM antibody, 42(45.2%) were seropositive for rubella IgM antibody while 51(54.8%) were seronegative. A breakdown of the seropositive subjects reveals that 14(15.1%) of the infected children were males while 28(30.1%) were females. Those subjects within the age groups of 1-2, 3-4 and 5-6 years had the highest prevalence of 8(8.6%) followed by those within the age groups of 7-8, 9-10 years with 7(7.5%). Blood transfusion as a risk factor did not show any significant influence on the status of the subjects. The demographic data of the mothers of the subjects were also linked with the seropositivity of the children. Keywords: Sero-survey rubella IgM antibodies, children, Nigeria

Incidence of rotavirus infection in children with

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) Infection is one of the major global public health problems, with its att... more Hepatitis B virus (HBV) Infection is one of the major global public health problems, with its attendant risks especially among the young adults. This study was therefore carried out to assess the sero-prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and associated risk factors among students of a secondary school in Jagindi Tasha, Kaduna State, Nigeria. One hundred and ninety (190) apparently healthy students were screened and sera samples obtained were separated and analysed for HBsAg using a commercially available Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)-based kit (Dialab). Information was obtained for risk factors using structured questionnaire. Out of the 190 samples screened, 35 (18.4%) were sero-positive. Subjects aged 13-15 years recorded 6.8% positivity ( 2 = 1.084; p>0.05) and male subjects had 25.5% positivity compared to 10.9% positivity for females ( 2 = 6.768; p<0.05). Risk factors such as blood transfusion was 32.0% among male subjects compared to 30.0% in fe...

The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging zoonotic disease with global impact. Diffe... more The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging zoonotic disease with global impact. Different intervention measures have been rolled out to flatten the curve, however the unhygienic conditions of abattoirs in Nigeria may be a perfect breeding ground for the novel coronavirus, hence could pose a threat to public health. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported among individuals who had either visited or had consumed food sold at the wet animal market in Wuhan, megacity of China in late December, 2019. The outbreak compelled China authority to close down all the wet animal markets in the Hubei province in an attempt to curb zoonotic transmission of the virus. Due to the unhygienic conditions of Nigerian abattoirs, butchers are more likely to come in contact with contaminated objects or surfaces and when they do, they may unknowingly infect themselves by touching their noses, mouth, or eyes with contaminated hands. Consequently, the vi...

Journal of Virology Research & Reports

The quest for a safe and effective HIV vaccine holds life-saving potential for people globally. I... more The quest for a safe and effective HIV vaccine holds life-saving potential for people globally. Interestingly, the HIV/COVID-19 overlapping pandemic have impacted each other in diverse ways, some being advantageous, while others detrimental. On one hand, the HIV platforms for development of rapid test kits, neutralizing antibodies, vaccine development and trials, collaboration and mobilization etc. has proved very helpful and a promising template for the development of interventions for the COVID-19 pandemic; while on the other hand, a number of ongoing HIV vaccine safety and efficacy trials are being abridged, stopped or suspended amidst the Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) crisis. The COVID-19 outbreak that begun in Wuhan, megacity of China late December, 2019, has spread to 220 countries and territories, with more than 36 million total confirmed cases and 1,057,505 total deaths globally as at 08 October, 2020 and still counting. Currently, no approved vaccines exist to prevent i...

Virology: Research and Treatment, 2014

A cross-sectional study in Nigeria was undertaken to determine the epidemiology, seroprevalence, ... more A cross-sectional study in Nigeria was undertaken to determine the epidemiology, seroprevalence, and associated risk factors, of hepatitis E virus (HEV). A total of 462 subjects were used for the study, categorized into four groups: apparently healthy persons, pregnant women, HIV positive subjects, and animal handlers. Information was obtained from subjects using interviewer-administered questionnaire. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for HEV antibodies (IgG and IgM) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Results obtained were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0 statistical software. The overall seroprevalence of IgG and IgM was 42.7 and 0.9%, respectively. Animal handlers had the highest seroprevalence (66.7%). The associated risk factors for IgM seroprevalence were rural dwelling (P = 0.039, odds ratio (OR) 3.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.7-15.4), blood transfusion (P  0.001, OR 9.6, 95% CI 2.6-35.6), attending to animals (P = 0.032, OR 4.9, 95% CI 0.9-26.6), and waste disposal (P  0.001). Factors associated with IgG were age (P = 0.044), location (P  0.001), marital status (P  0.001), formal education (P  0.001), farming as occupation (P  0.001), rural dwelling (P = 0.001), waste disposal (P  0.001), alcohol consumption (P = 0.001, OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.4-4.0), open defecation (P  0.001, OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.4-5.7), attending to animals (P  0.001, OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.6-3.4), consuming unwashed fruits/vegetables (P  0.001, OR 4.2, 95% CI 0.3-54.1), and stream/river as a source of drinking water (P  0.001, OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.6-7.8). Preventive public health measures should be reinforced among all communities, particularly domestic animal handlers and pregnant women. Potable water should be provided for all communities. Data suggest that HEV remains an under-recognized and significant public health problem, warranting further attention and research.

British Biotechnology Journal, Jan 10, 2014

Open Journal of Immunology, 2016

Background: Eclampsia, the occurrence of generalized convulsion(s) in association with signs of p... more Background: Eclampsia, the occurrence of generalized convulsion(s) in association with signs of preeclampsia [PE] (hypertension and proteinuria) in pregnancy has remained a significant public threat in Nigeria, contributing to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. This study was a comparative cross-sectional study conducted in some selected hospitals in Kaduna State, between April 2014 and November 2015. Subjects and Methods: Blood (3 mls) was collected into an ethylenediaminetetraaccetic acid (EDTA) vacutainer tube from third trimester women diagnosed with eclampsia (EC; n = 38) and healthy pregnant controls (PC; n = 38)-age and parity matched and healthy non-pregnant controls (NPC; n = 38)-age matched. T Cell subpopulations and Complete Blood Count levels were measured by Sysmex, Auto blood analyzer and flow cytometry respectively. Participants with smear positive malaria, seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), any other clinical infection or refused consent were excluded from this study. Data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Post Hoc test. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered to be significant. Result: Overall, results showed a depressed (mean ± Standard deviation (SD): CD3+ T cell (65.6 ± 15.5%; 1225.5 ± 401.5 cell/µL), CD4+ T cell (36.1 ± 8.7%; 657.1 ± 189.9 cell/µL), and a low CD4/CD8 value in women with EC (1.4 ± 0.5) and PC (1.5 ± 0.3) compared to NPC (1.9 ± 0.6) control (p < 05), while the total white

Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 01443610020026038, Jul 2, 2009

A semi-quantitative screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria was carried out in the first trimester... more A semi-quantitative screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria was carried out in the first trimester of 500 consecutive pregnant women in Benin City. The purpose was to provide baseline data and rational therapy for asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women. Of the 500 women screened, 433 clinical specimens showed significant bacteriuria, representing an incidence of 86.6%. Of this number, 38 (7.4%) were of mixed bacterial colonies while 395 (91%) were of single bacterial colonies. Staphylococcus aureus (29.8%), Escherichia coli (29.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (21.5%) were the most frequently isolated pathogens. The high incidence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy correlated significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.05) with the observed high proportion of pyuria. On average, sensitivity of the pathogens was ciprofloxacin 99.7%; ceftazidime 81.6%; co-trimoxazole 79.4%; augmentin 71.4%; nalidixic acid 61.7%; nitrofurantoin 61.%; gentamycin 56.9% and ampicillin 25.4%. S. aureus was most sensitive, while Proteus mirabilis was least sensitive among the pathogens. Rational therapy of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women may prevent associated risks such as pyelonephritis and pre-eclampsia.