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Papers by Suresh Janadri

INDIAN DRUGS, 2016

The present study was planned to study the influence of sertraline on hypoglycemic effect of oral... more The present study was planned to study the influence of sertraline on hypoglycemic effect of orally administered pioglitazone and rosiglitazone in healthy rabbits. In the beginning of experiment, the rabbit were fasted for 18 hours with distilled water ad libitum. The blood was withdrawn from the marginal ear vein of pioglitazone (10 mg/kg, p.o.) treated rabbits and rosiglitazone (720 μg/kg, p.o.) treated rabbits at different time intervals at 0 h, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 18, 24 h before and after administration of sertraline (18 mg/ kg, p.o). The blood glucose was estimated by GOD-POD enzymatic kit method using semi-autoanalyzer and data were expressed in mg/dl. The results shown that sertraline increases the onset, peak effect and duration action of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone in healthy rabbits during concomitant administration of these drugs. In conclusion the dose and frequency of administration of sertraline with pioglitazone or rosiglitazone should be adjusted while administrating...

Advance Pharmaceutical Journal

Objective: Doxorubicin (Dox) is a type of chemotherapy drug it slows or stops the growth of cance... more Objective: Doxorubicin (Dox) is a type of chemotherapy drug it slows or stops the growth of cancer cells by blocking an enzyme called topoisomerase-2 and produces cardiotoxicity by inducing apoptosis. Mearnsitrin is a flavonoid compound from the stems of DC and is known to be a natural antioxidant. The study is carried out Emilia sonchifolia the evaluation of mearnsitrin on cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by doxorubicin in H9c2 Cardiomyoblast Cells. Materials and methods: Rat cardiac H9C2 cells were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 U/ml of penicillin, 100 μg/ml of streptomycin and 5% CO2 at 37 °C. A modified MTT assay was used to determine cell viability. Quantitative real time RT-PCR was used to evaluate the expression of Bcl-2 in cardiomyocytes. No toxicity observed when the cells exposed for 1 hour to different concentrations of Results: mearnsitrin, but pretreatment of cells with mearnsitrin increased cytotoxicity of DOX in a dose dependent manner. RT-PCR analysis showed that mearnsitrin significant mRNA gene expression of Bcl2 compared to cells treated with DOX alone. The data indicated that subtoxic concentrations of mearnsitrin sensitize H9c2 cells to Conclusion: DOX-induce apoptosis. These results suggest that the use of mearnsitrin in combination with DOX reduces the cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells than DOX alone.

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Journal of Advanced Scientific Research

Stress is the body's general reaction to any demand placed on it. However, in today's lif... more Stress is the body's general reaction to any demand placed on it. However, in today's lifestyles, people often overlook stress or fail to recognize it as a serious illness condition. People are frequently confronted with challenging situations in today's environment. Excessive stress has been linked to the development of a number of disorders. If untreated, it may eventually lead to death. Various surveys conducted reports that everyone in a developing world is stressed in some or other the way. Statistics suggest that female experience more stress than male; it might be moderate or persistent, depending on the stressor. In mild cases it can be addressed by listening to music, reading books, and so on, but it cannot be remedied in cases of chronic stress. Chronic stress has been linked to the development of a wide range of significant diseases, including behavioural disorders (depression, anxiety), hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, and gastrointestinal disorders. In...

Journal of Advanced Scientific Research

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder in which the immune system attacks t... more Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder in which the immune system attacks the body's tissues, including joints, whereas Covid19 is an acute respiratory sickness caused by a virus that affects the immune system and can produce a variety of symptoms as well as death in some cases. A higher frequency of autoimmune inflammatory arthritis has been associated with respiratory diseases caused by various viral infections and these infections can cause flare-ups in inflammatory arthritic patients. The study focuses on the link between Covid19 and Rheumatoid arthritis as well as the various drugs used to treat the disease and their effects on the human body. The numerous comorbidities, as well as the impact of drugs and vaccination on individuals, were discussed. People affected with RA are already at risk of infection due to the disease itself or the conditions brought about by the treatment of drugs or due to several clinical opinions and therapies. The data from v...

Current Drug Delivery

Aim: Allergy associated with cockroaches are mostly from the American cockroach (Periplaneta amer... more Aim: Allergy associated with cockroaches are mostly from the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) and German cockroach (Blattella germanica). The effective and safe treatment for cockroach allergy is Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT). In this study SLIT Films containing purified allergen extract of Periplaneta americana were prepared by solvent casting and were evaluated for their efficiency in delivery. Methodology: Cockroach allergen extract was prepared and purified by ultrafiltration and chromatography. The molecular weight of protein content was identified and estimated by SDS- PAGE and ELISA. SLIT films were developed by the Quality by Design (QbD) approach and were evaluated for allergen-excipient compatibility, swelling index, taste, diffusion, in vitro dissolution, local toxicity, and stability analysis. Results: Cockroach allergen protein extracts (cut-off 25-71KDa) were identified by SDS-PAGE and quantified by indirect ELISA, further selected for sublingual film prepa...

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, 2022

BACKGROUND Wedelolactone, main active constituent of Wedelia calendulace and Eclipta alba plants ... more BACKGROUND Wedelolactone, main active constituent of Wedelia calendulace and Eclipta alba plants which has been traditionally used to treat various chronic inflammatory conditions. However, its mechanism of action of anti-inflammatory effect on ulcerative colitis is yet to be established. OBJECTIVE In the present study, the effect of the wedelolactone on the myeloperoxidase activities and in the production of proinflammatory cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation was assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups containing six animals per group. Group I (Vehicle control): tap water and vehicle; Group II (DSS control): tap water containing 5% (w/v) of DSS over 7 days, and vehicle; Group III (treatment group): Wedelolactone 50 mg/kg/day, and tap water containing 5% DSS over 7 days, Group IV (treatment group): Wedelolactone 100 mg/kg/day and tap water containing 5% DSS over 7 days over the experiment. RESULTS Study revealed that wedelolactone treatment dramatically decrease the release of IL-1a, IL-1b, IL-2, TNF, INFγ, STAT3 and CCL-5 in colons treated with DSS. In summary, these results suggest that the inhibition of IL-6/STAT3 signaling is a potential mechanism by which wedelolactone is used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. CONCLUSION Oral administration of Wedelolactone (100 mg/kg) significantly attenuated pathological colonic damage and inhibited inflammatory infiltration, myeloperoxidase activities. In summary, Wedelolactone showed anti-inflammatory effect by down regulation of the IL-6/STAT3 inflammatory signaling pathway. These findings provide new insights into the pharmacological actions of wedelolactone as a potential therapeutic agent for colitis.

Cerebral ischemia is a brain injury caused by a sudden stoppage in the blood supply to the brain.... more Cerebral ischemia is a brain injury caused by a sudden stoppage in the blood supply to the brain. It occurs when part of the brain does not receive the needed blood flow for one of two reasons either the blood supply to part of the brain is suddenly stoppage or rupture of brain blood vessels. In this review article, we present the recent focusing on mechanism of cerebral ischemia especially the involvement of neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, reperfusion, free radicals, oxidative stress in reperfusion injury, blood brain barrier disruption, apoptosis, role of platelet and stroke risk factors are described. In the present paper, we have discussed the recent research on the mechanistic pathways and risk factors involved in cerebral ischemia. We consider that understanding the cerebral ischemia will allow the development of novel treatment interventions. Kalpana Pathak, Suresh Janadri*, Neha Chakraborty, Manjunath PM, Prakash T Department of Pharmacology, Acharya & BM Reddy College of...

Integrative Biology

Wound healing is an intrinsic process directed towards the restoration of damaged or lost tissue.... more Wound healing is an intrinsic process directed towards the restoration of damaged or lost tissue. The development of a dressing material having the ability to control the multiple aspects of the wound environment would be an ideal strategy to improve wound healing. Though natural silk proteins, fibroin, and sericin have demonstrated tissue regenerative properties, the efficacy of bioengineered silk proteins on wound healing is seldom assessed. Furthermore, silk proteins sans contaminants, having low molecular masses, and combining with other bioactive factors can hasten the wound healing process. Herein, recombinant silk proteins, fibroin and sericin, and their fusions with cecropin B were evaluated for their wound-healing effects using in vivo rat model. The recombinant silk proteins demonstrated accelerated wound closure in comparison to untreated wounds and treatment with Povidone. Among all groups, the treatment with recombinant sericin-cecropin B (RSC) showed significantly fast...

The study was conducted to find the influence of Glipizide on the pharmacokinetic and anticonvuls... more The study was conducted to find the influence of Glipizide on the pharmacokinetic and anticonvulsant activity of Divalproex Sodium (DS). Both epilepsy and diabetes are managed clinically by administering various drugs for prolonged period of time. Therefore, polypharmacy are key factors, alarming drug-drug interaction. Healthy albino rabbits were used to study the effect of Glipizide (3.73 mg/kg p.o) on pharmacokinetic parameters of DS (25mg/kg p.o) followed by anticonvulsant activity to confirm the results. The experiment consists of two parts i.e administration of Divalproex alone and in combination with Glipizide after seven days treatment of Glipizide in four healthy albino rabbits. Blood samples were collected at 0, 30 min, 1st, 2nd, 4th, 8th and 16th hour from the marginal ear vein puncture of each rabbit. Serum concentrations were analyzed by a validated Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) method. For pharmacodynamic study, electrically and chemically induced convulsion tests were used. The concentration of serum DS was found significantly increased after the Glipizide treatment at 1st, 4th, 8th and 16th hour for one week but it failed to exhibit the significant changes at 4th hour. The pharmacokinetic parameters like Area Under Curve (AUC), Area Under first order Moment Curve (AUMC), t1/2, Peak Plasma Concentration (Cmax), Mean Residential Time (MRT) and Time of maximum concentration (Tmax) of DS showed changes after Glipizide treatment for one week in healthy albino rabbits. Glipizide treatment for one week exhibited significant increase of duration of hind limb extensor time by maximal electroshock test and delayed onset of clonic convulsion in Pentylenetetrazole induced seizures test. The results revealed that the drug-drug interaction between DS and Glipizide is at distribution and metabolism. W WO OR RL LD D J JO OU UR RN NA AL L O OF F P PH HA AR RM MA AC CY Y A AN ND D P PH HA AR RM MA AC CE EU UT TI IC CA AL L S SC CI IE EN NC CE ES S V Vo ol lu um me e 3 3, , I Is ss su ue e 3 3, , 8 85 50 0--8 86 60 0. . R Re es se ea ar rc ch h A Ar rt ti ic cl le e I

Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids

To assess the effect of nanosizing on bio-efficacy of Shwaskuthar Rasa- a herbomineral formulatio... more To assess the effect of nanosizing on bio-efficacy of Shwaskuthar Rasa- a herbomineral formulation in albino rats for asthma and allergy. Shwaskuthar Rasa- a renowned traditional herbomineral formulation of Ayurveda was nanosized by planetary micromill (P-7) and its particle size was characterized by dynamic light scattering method. The antiasthma and antiallergic activity of nanosized Shwaskuthar Rasa was evaluated in albino rats by clonidine induced mast cell degranulation and catalepsy. There was significant percentage protection of mast cell (44.13%) found in the SWR72 treated group compared to control group (27.16%) and significant inhibition in the catalepsy over the control group. Size reduction shows that Shwaskuthar Rasa was significant protection on mast cell degranulation and catalepsy in rats which is fineness dependant i.e. smaller the particle size, better the antiasthmatic and antiallergic effect.

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, 2015

Background: Shwas kuthar rasa is a prestigious and potential herbomineral formulation of Ayurveda... more Background: Shwas kuthar rasa is a prestigious and potential herbomineral formulation of Ayurveda tested on 100 years of time scale for the treatment of asthma, allergy, and other respiratory problems. However, there is a lack of scientific work on Shwas kuthar rasa. Objective: To prepare and physicochemically evaluate mercury-based Shwas kuthar rasa herbomineral formulation of Ayurveda for asthma and allergy. Materials and Methods: Shwas kuthar rasa was prepared as per Ayurvedic text and characterized by various modern analytical techniques, viz., transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), far infrared (IR) spectroscopy, fourier transform IR spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy. Results: Study clearly revealed that prepared Shwas kuthar rasa formulation shows several crystallites agglomerate into a single particle. It yields submicron size particle structure (1.22 μ) with TEM analysis. The usage of mercury in the formulation found in the form of mercuric sulfide (HgS) and reaching to nanocrystalline (31-56 nm) size by XRD analysis. Conclusion: The present study indicates Shwas kuthar rasa is nanocrystallite with submicron size particle. Trituration of Kajjali helps in the formation of HgS and increases the crystallinity in the formulation.

Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry, 2021

The present study was carried out to study coumestan derivative wedelolactone in Indomethacin-ind... more The present study was carried out to study coumestan derivative wedelolactone in Indomethacin-induced enterocolitis in rats. Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups containing six animals per group. Group I served as normal control. Group II, Group III & Group IV receive 7.5 mg/kg, s.c, indomethacin on two consecutive days. Group III and Group IV have received a wedelolactone dose of 50 mg/kg, and 100 mg/kg per oral, respectively, for 14 days after the induction with indomethacin. The protective effect was measured based on intestinal parameters of the disease activity index, colitis score, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the colon. The inflammation biomarkers were quantified by ELISA in the rat colon. Further, activity was ascertained by histopathology. Pro-inflammatory functions IL-1a, IL-1b, IL-2, TNF, INFγ, STAT3, and CCL-5 play an important role in the variation of the intestinal immune system. Wedelolactone showed significantly decreased Disease activity index, C...

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2021

Sulfide minerals (galena, pyrite, chalcopyrite and sphalerite) were employed as a matrix for gluc... more Sulfide minerals (galena, pyrite, chalcopyrite and sphalerite) were employed as a matrix for glucose oxidase (GOx) immobilization in glucose sensing. Multilayered GOx biosensors were fabricated using glutaraldehyde (GA) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The sensors made using this method were capable of detecting glucose with a linear range of 0.5–90 mM, 0.8–80 mM, 1.0–25 mM, and 1.5–70 mM for galena, pyrite, chalcopyrite and sphalerite, respectively. And the detection limits are 0.06 mM, 0.1 mM, 0.2 mM and 0.35 mM for galena, pyrite, chalcopyrite and sphalerite, respectively. Unlike traditional biosensors, the novel biosensors could detect the glucose under air-saturated buffer solutions. In addition, they showed acceptable reproducibility, good repeatability and applicability. These results indicated that the proposed sulfide minerals are good platforms for enzyme immobilization, thus creating a new and high value application in biosensor for the sulfide minerals.

In the present study pretreatment of itraconazole on therapeutic efficacy of pioglitazone was eva... more In the present study pretreatment of itraconazole on therapeutic efficacy of pioglitazone was evaluated in healthy albino rats. In Fasting condition, blood samples were collected by retro-orbital plexus at different time intervals for 24 hrs and blood glucose was assessed by GOD/POD method. The results were shown that itraconazole pretreatment significantly enhance the onset of hypoglycemia, peak of hypoglycemia and duration of hypoglycemic activity of pioglitazone in experimental animals. This study indicates that therapeutic drug monitoring is required to adjust therapeutic dose of itraconazole and pioglitazone when used concomitantly.

Inflammation is a complex pathophysiological process mediated by a variety of molecules produced ... more Inflammation is a complex pathophysiological process mediated by a variety of molecules produced by leukocytes, macrophages and mast cells and mediator release resulted edema formation by extravasation of fluid and proteins and accumulation of leukocytes at the inflammatory site (White, 1999). Many inflammatory diseases are associated with the synthesis of prostaglandins, which are responsible for a sensation of pain. The primary enzyme responsible for prostaglandins synthesis is the membrane-associated cyclooxygenase, which occurs in two isoforms, COX-1 and COX-2 (Vane and Botting, 1996). COX-1 is constitutively expressed while COX-2 is induced in the inflamed tissue. Modulation of the activity of the enzyme implies that the inflammation process can be modified. Thuja occidentalis (family: Cupressacae) is commonly known asAmericanArbor vitae or white cedar, is indigenous to eastern NorthAmerica and is grown in Europe as an ornamental tree (Chang et al., 2000). The plant was first i...

Objective: To evaluate the anti-osteoporotic activity of ethanolic extract of Punica granatum in ... more Objective: To evaluate the anti-osteoporotic activity of ethanolic extract of Punica granatum in glucocorticoid induced osteoporotic rat model at three different dose levels of 100, 300 and 500 mg/kg per day. Materials and methods: Healthy female albino rats were divided into six groups of six animals each. Group I was normal control and all other groups were glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis. Group II was fed with saline and served as methyl prednisolone (0.2 mg/kg, s.c.) induced osteoporotic control. Groups III–VI were orally treated with alendronate (200 μg/kg, p.o.) and ethanolic leaves extract of Punica granatum (100, 300 and 500 mg/kg, p.o.) respectively for 90 days. Results: The present findings assessed on Punica granatum shows significant (P<0.001) increases in femur length, weight and density, significant (P<0.001) increases in serum calcium, phosphorus and reduction in alkaline phosphatase, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase, osteocalcin whereas urine calcium, cr...

Diabetic nephropathy also known as diabetic kidney disease is the chronic loss of kidney function... more Diabetic nephropathy also known as diabetic kidney disease is the chronic loss of kidney function associated with diabetes mellitus. The leading cause of kidney disease is diabetic nephropathy and affecting about 40% of diabetic patients of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The incidence rate of the disease is still prevailing due to the limited efficacy and several unpleasant side effects associated with these procedures. Hyperglycemia is considered as a primary initiating factor for end-stage renal infection in diabetic patients, which leads to the increased leakage of albumin over the glomerular filtration barrier. Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by destruction of glomerular filtration barrier, with the accumulation of extra cellular matrix. Hemoglobin A1c, fasting blood glucose and hypertension is also known to be an additional risk factor influencing microangiopathy. The key therapeutic approach for treating or preventing the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy ...

Objective: To carry out the anti-osteoporotic activity of ethanolic extract of in ovariectomized ... more Objective: To carry out the anti-osteoporotic activity of ethanolic extract of in ovariectomized rat Punica granatum model of osteoporosis at three different dose levels of 100, 300 and 500 mg/kg per day. Materials and methods: Healthy female albino rats were divided into six groups of six animals each. Group I was sham operated and served as control. All other groups were ovariectomized. Group II was fed with saline and served as ovariectomized control. Groups III–VI were orally treated with estrogen (2mg/kg) and ethanolic leaves extract of (100,300 Punica granatum and 500 mg/kg) respectively for 90 days. The findings assessed on shows significant Results: Punica granatum ( <0.001) increases in femur length, weight and density, significant ( <0.001) increases in serum calcium, phosphorus P P and reduction in alkaline phosphatase, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase, osteocalcin whereas urine calcium, creatinine and phosphorous levels were significant ( <0.001) decreases an...

INDIAN DRUGS, 2016

The present study was planned to study the influence of sertraline on hypoglycemic effect of oral... more The present study was planned to study the influence of sertraline on hypoglycemic effect of orally administered pioglitazone and rosiglitazone in healthy rabbits. In the beginning of experiment, the rabbit were fasted for 18 hours with distilled water ad libitum. The blood was withdrawn from the marginal ear vein of pioglitazone (10 mg/kg, p.o.) treated rabbits and rosiglitazone (720 μg/kg, p.o.) treated rabbits at different time intervals at 0 h, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 18, 24 h before and after administration of sertraline (18 mg/ kg, p.o). The blood glucose was estimated by GOD-POD enzymatic kit method using semi-autoanalyzer and data were expressed in mg/dl. The results shown that sertraline increases the onset, peak effect and duration action of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone in healthy rabbits during concomitant administration of these drugs. In conclusion the dose and frequency of administration of sertraline with pioglitazone or rosiglitazone should be adjusted while administrating...

Advance Pharmaceutical Journal

Objective: Doxorubicin (Dox) is a type of chemotherapy drug it slows or stops the growth of cance... more Objective: Doxorubicin (Dox) is a type of chemotherapy drug it slows or stops the growth of cancer cells by blocking an enzyme called topoisomerase-2 and produces cardiotoxicity by inducing apoptosis. Mearnsitrin is a flavonoid compound from the stems of DC and is known to be a natural antioxidant. The study is carried out Emilia sonchifolia the evaluation of mearnsitrin on cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by doxorubicin in H9c2 Cardiomyoblast Cells. Materials and methods: Rat cardiac H9C2 cells were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 U/ml of penicillin, 100 μg/ml of streptomycin and 5% CO2 at 37 °C. A modified MTT assay was used to determine cell viability. Quantitative real time RT-PCR was used to evaluate the expression of Bcl-2 in cardiomyocytes. No toxicity observed when the cells exposed for 1 hour to different concentrations of Results: mearnsitrin, but pretreatment of cells with mearnsitrin increased cytotoxicity of DOX in a dose dependent manner. RT-PCR analysis showed that mearnsitrin significant mRNA gene expression of Bcl2 compared to cells treated with DOX alone. The data indicated that subtoxic concentrations of mearnsitrin sensitize H9c2 cells to Conclusion: DOX-induce apoptosis. These results suggest that the use of mearnsitrin in combination with DOX reduces the cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells than DOX alone.

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Journal of Advanced Scientific Research

Stress is the body's general reaction to any demand placed on it. However, in today's lif... more Stress is the body's general reaction to any demand placed on it. However, in today's lifestyles, people often overlook stress or fail to recognize it as a serious illness condition. People are frequently confronted with challenging situations in today's environment. Excessive stress has been linked to the development of a number of disorders. If untreated, it may eventually lead to death. Various surveys conducted reports that everyone in a developing world is stressed in some or other the way. Statistics suggest that female experience more stress than male; it might be moderate or persistent, depending on the stressor. In mild cases it can be addressed by listening to music, reading books, and so on, but it cannot be remedied in cases of chronic stress. Chronic stress has been linked to the development of a wide range of significant diseases, including behavioural disorders (depression, anxiety), hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, and gastrointestinal disorders. In...

Journal of Advanced Scientific Research

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder in which the immune system attacks t... more Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder in which the immune system attacks the body's tissues, including joints, whereas Covid19 is an acute respiratory sickness caused by a virus that affects the immune system and can produce a variety of symptoms as well as death in some cases. A higher frequency of autoimmune inflammatory arthritis has been associated with respiratory diseases caused by various viral infections and these infections can cause flare-ups in inflammatory arthritic patients. The study focuses on the link between Covid19 and Rheumatoid arthritis as well as the various drugs used to treat the disease and their effects on the human body. The numerous comorbidities, as well as the impact of drugs and vaccination on individuals, were discussed. People affected with RA are already at risk of infection due to the disease itself or the conditions brought about by the treatment of drugs or due to several clinical opinions and therapies. The data from v...

Current Drug Delivery

Aim: Allergy associated with cockroaches are mostly from the American cockroach (Periplaneta amer... more Aim: Allergy associated with cockroaches are mostly from the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) and German cockroach (Blattella germanica). The effective and safe treatment for cockroach allergy is Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT). In this study SLIT Films containing purified allergen extract of Periplaneta americana were prepared by solvent casting and were evaluated for their efficiency in delivery. Methodology: Cockroach allergen extract was prepared and purified by ultrafiltration and chromatography. The molecular weight of protein content was identified and estimated by SDS- PAGE and ELISA. SLIT films were developed by the Quality by Design (QbD) approach and were evaluated for allergen-excipient compatibility, swelling index, taste, diffusion, in vitro dissolution, local toxicity, and stability analysis. Results: Cockroach allergen protein extracts (cut-off 25-71KDa) were identified by SDS-PAGE and quantified by indirect ELISA, further selected for sublingual film prepa...

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, 2022

BACKGROUND Wedelolactone, main active constituent of Wedelia calendulace and Eclipta alba plants ... more BACKGROUND Wedelolactone, main active constituent of Wedelia calendulace and Eclipta alba plants which has been traditionally used to treat various chronic inflammatory conditions. However, its mechanism of action of anti-inflammatory effect on ulcerative colitis is yet to be established. OBJECTIVE In the present study, the effect of the wedelolactone on the myeloperoxidase activities and in the production of proinflammatory cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation was assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups containing six animals per group. Group I (Vehicle control): tap water and vehicle; Group II (DSS control): tap water containing 5% (w/v) of DSS over 7 days, and vehicle; Group III (treatment group): Wedelolactone 50 mg/kg/day, and tap water containing 5% DSS over 7 days, Group IV (treatment group): Wedelolactone 100 mg/kg/day and tap water containing 5% DSS over 7 days over the experiment. RESULTS Study revealed that wedelolactone treatment dramatically decrease the release of IL-1a, IL-1b, IL-2, TNF, INFγ, STAT3 and CCL-5 in colons treated with DSS. In summary, these results suggest that the inhibition of IL-6/STAT3 signaling is a potential mechanism by which wedelolactone is used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. CONCLUSION Oral administration of Wedelolactone (100 mg/kg) significantly attenuated pathological colonic damage and inhibited inflammatory infiltration, myeloperoxidase activities. In summary, Wedelolactone showed anti-inflammatory effect by down regulation of the IL-6/STAT3 inflammatory signaling pathway. These findings provide new insights into the pharmacological actions of wedelolactone as a potential therapeutic agent for colitis.

Cerebral ischemia is a brain injury caused by a sudden stoppage in the blood supply to the brain.... more Cerebral ischemia is a brain injury caused by a sudden stoppage in the blood supply to the brain. It occurs when part of the brain does not receive the needed blood flow for one of two reasons either the blood supply to part of the brain is suddenly stoppage or rupture of brain blood vessels. In this review article, we present the recent focusing on mechanism of cerebral ischemia especially the involvement of neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, reperfusion, free radicals, oxidative stress in reperfusion injury, blood brain barrier disruption, apoptosis, role of platelet and stroke risk factors are described. In the present paper, we have discussed the recent research on the mechanistic pathways and risk factors involved in cerebral ischemia. We consider that understanding the cerebral ischemia will allow the development of novel treatment interventions. Kalpana Pathak, Suresh Janadri*, Neha Chakraborty, Manjunath PM, Prakash T Department of Pharmacology, Acharya & BM Reddy College of...

Integrative Biology

Wound healing is an intrinsic process directed towards the restoration of damaged or lost tissue.... more Wound healing is an intrinsic process directed towards the restoration of damaged or lost tissue. The development of a dressing material having the ability to control the multiple aspects of the wound environment would be an ideal strategy to improve wound healing. Though natural silk proteins, fibroin, and sericin have demonstrated tissue regenerative properties, the efficacy of bioengineered silk proteins on wound healing is seldom assessed. Furthermore, silk proteins sans contaminants, having low molecular masses, and combining with other bioactive factors can hasten the wound healing process. Herein, recombinant silk proteins, fibroin and sericin, and their fusions with cecropin B were evaluated for their wound-healing effects using in vivo rat model. The recombinant silk proteins demonstrated accelerated wound closure in comparison to untreated wounds and treatment with Povidone. Among all groups, the treatment with recombinant sericin-cecropin B (RSC) showed significantly fast...

The study was conducted to find the influence of Glipizide on the pharmacokinetic and anticonvuls... more The study was conducted to find the influence of Glipizide on the pharmacokinetic and anticonvulsant activity of Divalproex Sodium (DS). Both epilepsy and diabetes are managed clinically by administering various drugs for prolonged period of time. Therefore, polypharmacy are key factors, alarming drug-drug interaction. Healthy albino rabbits were used to study the effect of Glipizide (3.73 mg/kg p.o) on pharmacokinetic parameters of DS (25mg/kg p.o) followed by anticonvulsant activity to confirm the results. The experiment consists of two parts i.e administration of Divalproex alone and in combination with Glipizide after seven days treatment of Glipizide in four healthy albino rabbits. Blood samples were collected at 0, 30 min, 1st, 2nd, 4th, 8th and 16th hour from the marginal ear vein puncture of each rabbit. Serum concentrations were analyzed by a validated Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) method. For pharmacodynamic study, electrically and chemically induced convulsion tests were used. The concentration of serum DS was found significantly increased after the Glipizide treatment at 1st, 4th, 8th and 16th hour for one week but it failed to exhibit the significant changes at 4th hour. The pharmacokinetic parameters like Area Under Curve (AUC), Area Under first order Moment Curve (AUMC), t1/2, Peak Plasma Concentration (Cmax), Mean Residential Time (MRT) and Time of maximum concentration (Tmax) of DS showed changes after Glipizide treatment for one week in healthy albino rabbits. Glipizide treatment for one week exhibited significant increase of duration of hind limb extensor time by maximal electroshock test and delayed onset of clonic convulsion in Pentylenetetrazole induced seizures test. The results revealed that the drug-drug interaction between DS and Glipizide is at distribution and metabolism. W WO OR RL LD D J JO OU UR RN NA AL L O OF F P PH HA AR RM MA AC CY Y A AN ND D P PH HA AR RM MA AC CE EU UT TI IC CA AL L S SC CI IE EN NC CE ES S V Vo ol lu um me e 3 3, , I Is ss su ue e 3 3, , 8 85 50 0--8 86 60 0. . R Re es se ea ar rc ch h A Ar rt ti ic cl le e I

Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids

To assess the effect of nanosizing on bio-efficacy of Shwaskuthar Rasa- a herbomineral formulatio... more To assess the effect of nanosizing on bio-efficacy of Shwaskuthar Rasa- a herbomineral formulation in albino rats for asthma and allergy. Shwaskuthar Rasa- a renowned traditional herbomineral formulation of Ayurveda was nanosized by planetary micromill (P-7) and its particle size was characterized by dynamic light scattering method. The antiasthma and antiallergic activity of nanosized Shwaskuthar Rasa was evaluated in albino rats by clonidine induced mast cell degranulation and catalepsy. There was significant percentage protection of mast cell (44.13%) found in the SWR72 treated group compared to control group (27.16%) and significant inhibition in the catalepsy over the control group. Size reduction shows that Shwaskuthar Rasa was significant protection on mast cell degranulation and catalepsy in rats which is fineness dependant i.e. smaller the particle size, better the antiasthmatic and antiallergic effect.

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, 2015

Background: Shwas kuthar rasa is a prestigious and potential herbomineral formulation of Ayurveda... more Background: Shwas kuthar rasa is a prestigious and potential herbomineral formulation of Ayurveda tested on 100 years of time scale for the treatment of asthma, allergy, and other respiratory problems. However, there is a lack of scientific work on Shwas kuthar rasa. Objective: To prepare and physicochemically evaluate mercury-based Shwas kuthar rasa herbomineral formulation of Ayurveda for asthma and allergy. Materials and Methods: Shwas kuthar rasa was prepared as per Ayurvedic text and characterized by various modern analytical techniques, viz., transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), far infrared (IR) spectroscopy, fourier transform IR spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy. Results: Study clearly revealed that prepared Shwas kuthar rasa formulation shows several crystallites agglomerate into a single particle. It yields submicron size particle structure (1.22 μ) with TEM analysis. The usage of mercury in the formulation found in the form of mercuric sulfide (HgS) and reaching to nanocrystalline (31-56 nm) size by XRD analysis. Conclusion: The present study indicates Shwas kuthar rasa is nanocrystallite with submicron size particle. Trituration of Kajjali helps in the formation of HgS and increases the crystallinity in the formulation.

Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry, 2021

The present study was carried out to study coumestan derivative wedelolactone in Indomethacin-ind... more The present study was carried out to study coumestan derivative wedelolactone in Indomethacin-induced enterocolitis in rats. Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups containing six animals per group. Group I served as normal control. Group II, Group III & Group IV receive 7.5 mg/kg, s.c, indomethacin on two consecutive days. Group III and Group IV have received a wedelolactone dose of 50 mg/kg, and 100 mg/kg per oral, respectively, for 14 days after the induction with indomethacin. The protective effect was measured based on intestinal parameters of the disease activity index, colitis score, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the colon. The inflammation biomarkers were quantified by ELISA in the rat colon. Further, activity was ascertained by histopathology. Pro-inflammatory functions IL-1a, IL-1b, IL-2, TNF, INFγ, STAT3, and CCL-5 play an important role in the variation of the intestinal immune system. Wedelolactone showed significantly decreased Disease activity index, C...

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2021

Sulfide minerals (galena, pyrite, chalcopyrite and sphalerite) were employed as a matrix for gluc... more Sulfide minerals (galena, pyrite, chalcopyrite and sphalerite) were employed as a matrix for glucose oxidase (GOx) immobilization in glucose sensing. Multilayered GOx biosensors were fabricated using glutaraldehyde (GA) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The sensors made using this method were capable of detecting glucose with a linear range of 0.5–90 mM, 0.8–80 mM, 1.0–25 mM, and 1.5–70 mM for galena, pyrite, chalcopyrite and sphalerite, respectively. And the detection limits are 0.06 mM, 0.1 mM, 0.2 mM and 0.35 mM for galena, pyrite, chalcopyrite and sphalerite, respectively. Unlike traditional biosensors, the novel biosensors could detect the glucose under air-saturated buffer solutions. In addition, they showed acceptable reproducibility, good repeatability and applicability. These results indicated that the proposed sulfide minerals are good platforms for enzyme immobilization, thus creating a new and high value application in biosensor for the sulfide minerals.

In the present study pretreatment of itraconazole on therapeutic efficacy of pioglitazone was eva... more In the present study pretreatment of itraconazole on therapeutic efficacy of pioglitazone was evaluated in healthy albino rats. In Fasting condition, blood samples were collected by retro-orbital plexus at different time intervals for 24 hrs and blood glucose was assessed by GOD/POD method. The results were shown that itraconazole pretreatment significantly enhance the onset of hypoglycemia, peak of hypoglycemia and duration of hypoglycemic activity of pioglitazone in experimental animals. This study indicates that therapeutic drug monitoring is required to adjust therapeutic dose of itraconazole and pioglitazone when used concomitantly.

Inflammation is a complex pathophysiological process mediated by a variety of molecules produced ... more Inflammation is a complex pathophysiological process mediated by a variety of molecules produced by leukocytes, macrophages and mast cells and mediator release resulted edema formation by extravasation of fluid and proteins and accumulation of leukocytes at the inflammatory site (White, 1999). Many inflammatory diseases are associated with the synthesis of prostaglandins, which are responsible for a sensation of pain. The primary enzyme responsible for prostaglandins synthesis is the membrane-associated cyclooxygenase, which occurs in two isoforms, COX-1 and COX-2 (Vane and Botting, 1996). COX-1 is constitutively expressed while COX-2 is induced in the inflamed tissue. Modulation of the activity of the enzyme implies that the inflammation process can be modified. Thuja occidentalis (family: Cupressacae) is commonly known asAmericanArbor vitae or white cedar, is indigenous to eastern NorthAmerica and is grown in Europe as an ornamental tree (Chang et al., 2000). The plant was first i...

Objective: To evaluate the anti-osteoporotic activity of ethanolic extract of Punica granatum in ... more Objective: To evaluate the anti-osteoporotic activity of ethanolic extract of Punica granatum in glucocorticoid induced osteoporotic rat model at three different dose levels of 100, 300 and 500 mg/kg per day. Materials and methods: Healthy female albino rats were divided into six groups of six animals each. Group I was normal control and all other groups were glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis. Group II was fed with saline and served as methyl prednisolone (0.2 mg/kg, s.c.) induced osteoporotic control. Groups III–VI were orally treated with alendronate (200 μg/kg, p.o.) and ethanolic leaves extract of Punica granatum (100, 300 and 500 mg/kg, p.o.) respectively for 90 days. Results: The present findings assessed on Punica granatum shows significant (P<0.001) increases in femur length, weight and density, significant (P<0.001) increases in serum calcium, phosphorus and reduction in alkaline phosphatase, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase, osteocalcin whereas urine calcium, cr...

Diabetic nephropathy also known as diabetic kidney disease is the chronic loss of kidney function... more Diabetic nephropathy also known as diabetic kidney disease is the chronic loss of kidney function associated with diabetes mellitus. The leading cause of kidney disease is diabetic nephropathy and affecting about 40% of diabetic patients of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The incidence rate of the disease is still prevailing due to the limited efficacy and several unpleasant side effects associated with these procedures. Hyperglycemia is considered as a primary initiating factor for end-stage renal infection in diabetic patients, which leads to the increased leakage of albumin over the glomerular filtration barrier. Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by destruction of glomerular filtration barrier, with the accumulation of extra cellular matrix. Hemoglobin A1c, fasting blood glucose and hypertension is also known to be an additional risk factor influencing microangiopathy. The key therapeutic approach for treating or preventing the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy ...

Objective: To carry out the anti-osteoporotic activity of ethanolic extract of in ovariectomized ... more Objective: To carry out the anti-osteoporotic activity of ethanolic extract of in ovariectomized rat Punica granatum model of osteoporosis at three different dose levels of 100, 300 and 500 mg/kg per day. Materials and methods: Healthy female albino rats were divided into six groups of six animals each. Group I was sham operated and served as control. All other groups were ovariectomized. Group II was fed with saline and served as ovariectomized control. Groups III–VI were orally treated with estrogen (2mg/kg) and ethanolic leaves extract of (100,300 Punica granatum and 500 mg/kg) respectively for 90 days. The findings assessed on shows significant Results: Punica granatum ( <0.001) increases in femur length, weight and density, significant ( <0.001) increases in serum calcium, phosphorus P P and reduction in alkaline phosphatase, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase, osteocalcin whereas urine calcium, creatinine and phosphorous levels were significant ( <0.001) decreases an...