Susan Anand - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Susan Anand

BMJ Open, 2022

ObjectiveHealth extension workers’ (HEWs’) knowledge and attitude regarding mental health problem... more ObjectiveHealth extension workers’ (HEWs’) knowledge and attitude regarding mental health problems are vital for integrating mental healthcare into primary healthcare services. However, information in this context is scarce in Ethiopia. So, this study aimed to assess HEWs' knowledge and attitude towards mental health problems in Jimma, Ethiopia.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingFive districts in Jimma Zone, Ethiopia, 2020.ParticipantsA total of 259 HEWs working in selected five districts were included in the study.OutcomeThe knowledge and attitude status of HEWs towards mental health problems.ResultsNearly half of the respondents had inadequate knowledge (122,47.1%) and an unfavourable attitude (125, 48.3%). Most (139, 53.7%) described mental illness as due to evil spirits’ possession. Almost all (240, 92.7%) of the respondents reported talking or laughing alone as a manifestation of mental illness. Almost two-thirds (157, 60.6%) of the respondents reported people with mental...

Additional file 1. Appendix listing survey questions.

Background: Mental health problem is the major health problem globally and nationally in Ethiopia... more Background: Mental health problem is the major health problem globally and nationally in Ethiopia. To address this problem the Ministry of health of Ethiopia integrated mental health services in to the community health service. However, the preliminary reports showed the service has not been implemented yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the barriers and facilitators of mental health service implementation in to the Ethiopian health extension program. Methods: A qualitative case study was conducted in the Ethiopian primary health care system from 12 August to 25 September 2019. We have conducted about ten purposively selected key informant interviews from the Ministry of Health and community level workers (i.e. health extension workers). All interviews were recorded using voice recorder and transcribed verbatim and translated for analysis. The data then analyzed manually in relevant themes. Results: Mental health problem currently is a major health issue in Ethiopia. However, the service is not ready to respond for the existing health service need. The recently designed integration of mental health services in to health extension program was not implemented so far. The basic identi ed barriers were, low political commitment, shortage of resources, non-functional referral system, lack of interest from private health service organizations, attitudinal problems from both the society and service providers, the lack of reporting system for mental health problems. On the contrary, there are also facilitators for the service like well-designed primary health care system, trained health extension workers, changing political commitment and attitude of the community. Conclusion: Although mental health problems are widely spread and increasing in alarming rate, in Ethiopia, the existing health system is not capable enough to respond. This problem is complex and intertwined. A series of activities to solve the major barriers are expected especially from the health system leaders to implement follow up and evaluate mental health services at the health extension programs.

Measurement tools for data collection. The section containing structured questionnaires and measu... more Measurement tools for data collection. The section containing structured questionnaires and measurement scales used to assess the study variables. (DOCX 35 kb)

Journal of Diabetes Research, 2020

Background. Patients with diabetes mellitus are at twice the risk of developing depression than t... more Background. Patients with diabetes mellitus are at twice the risk of developing depression than the general population. The coexistence of diabetes and depression largely contributes to increased morbidity and mortality and results in high healthcare cost. Objective. The aim is to assess severity of depression and its determinants in diabetes outpatients at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Referral Hospital, southern Ethiopia. Methods. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was done using a systematic sampling method. To assess the magnitude of depression, the patient health questionnaire-9 scale was used. Then, the data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 software. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the association between dependent variable and independent variables. Results. The magnitudes of depression were found to be 41.5%. The potential predictors were adhering to alcohol intake (adjusted odds ratio, AOR=3.71, 95%...

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2018

Background: The first 12 months after childbirth may represent a high-risk time for depression. I... more Background: The first 12 months after childbirth may represent a high-risk time for depression. In Ethiopia there is a paucity of evidence about its magnitude and associated factors during that period. So, the aim of this study was to assess the magnitude of depression and associated factors among postpartum women in Mizan Aman town, Bench Maji Zone, Southwest Ethiopia 2017. Methods: A community based cross-sectional study design was employed from March 15 to April 15, 2017. Four hundred sixty women were selected using multistage random sampling technique. Face to face interview were conducted using structured questionnaires and standardized scales. Bivariate logistic regression analysis was done to see crude association between each independent variable and outcome variable. Variables with p value < 0.25 in bivariate analysis were entered to multivariable logistic regression analysis to control for confounding. Adjusted odd ratios with 95%CI were calculated to identify independent predictors of postpartum depression. Result: Four hundred fifty-six postpartum women participated in the study giving a response rate of 99%. The magnitude of postpartum depression among the study population was 102 (22.4%, 95% CI: 19.84-24.96). Postpartum depression is relatively higher in the first 6 weeks after birth. Postpartum depression is higher among mothers with age range between 18 and 23 years (aOR 3.89 95%CI: 1.53-9.90), unplanned pregnancy (aOR 3.35 95% CI: 1.701-6.58), child having sleeping problems (aOR 3.72 95%CI: 1.79-7.72), domestic violence (aOR 2.86 95%CI 1.72-8.79), unsatisfied marital relation (aOR 2.72 95% CI 1.32-5.62), poor social support (aOR 4.30 95% CI 1.79-10.30), history of previous depression (aOR 7.38 95% CI 3.12-17.35) and substance use (aOR 5.16 95% CI 2.52-10.60). Conclusion: The magnitude of postpartum depression was high. This underlines health care planners' needs to incorporate screening strategies for depression following childbirth.

Background: Students undergoing training in Nursing are not always prepared to deal with the chal... more Background: Students undergoing training in Nursing are not always prepared to deal with the challenges of the classroom and the clinical practice settings. They have the pressure to study new subjects, excel in their examination, getting practical experience in caring for patients with various disease conditions, as well as face other challenges which are similar to those experienced by college students. They may use healthy or unhealthy methods to cope with stress. This study aimed at exploring the perceived stress level, and the coping strategies among B.Sc Nursing students Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey of 193 students, who were selected by a proportionate stratified random sampling technique from regular batch of Generic B.Sc Nursing students, was done. Results: The prevalence of perceived stress level among Generic BSc nursing students of Jimma University was 47.7%. The most common stressor was from intrapersonal factors. Unhealthy coping s...

Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 2021

Purpose The Ethiopian Ministry of Health has integrated mental health services into the community... more Purpose The Ethiopian Ministry of Health has integrated mental health services into the community health service, but it has not yet been implemented. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the barriers and facilitators of mental health service implementation in the Ethiopian community health program. Methods A qualitative case study was conducted in the Ethiopian primary health care system in 2019. We have conducted about eight key informant interviews with policymakers, service managers, and service providers. The interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed, translated, and analyzed manually using the World Health Organization building blocks framework. Results The Health Ministry of Ethiopia has recently included mental health services into the health extension package but not yet implemented as part of integrated services. The identified barriers were low political commitment, shortage of resources, non-functional referral system, lack of interest from private health service orga...

Psychiatry Journal, 2020

Background HIV is a chronic life-threatening illness and, like other similar chronic and stigmati... more Background HIV is a chronic life-threatening illness and, like other similar chronic and stigmatizing illnesses, can be stressful to manage. Depression is a common mental health problem that deteriorates the quality of life of people with HIV/AIDS and found to be a strong predictor for noncompliance to antiretroviral therapy treatment. Therefore, epidemiological evidence on the factors associated with depression among patients with HIV/AIDS can contribute towards effective and efficient preventive health care strategies for this population. Objectives To assess the prevalence and factors associated with depression among HIV/AIDS-infected patients attending ART clinic at Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia, in 2018. Methods This study followed an institution-based cross-sectional quantitative study design. A simple random sampling method yielded 303 participants who were interviewed from April to May 2018, using a pretested questionnaire, followed by their card...

Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2021

Background: The global burden of mental health problems is high and is predicted to rise. At pres... more Background: The global burden of mental health problems is high and is predicted to rise. At present, mood symptoms are the foremost common psychological problems worldwide, yet little is known regarding their magnitude and associated factors in developing countries. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude and associated factors of anxiety, depressive, manic symptoms, and suicidal behavior among the rural Jimma community, Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based quantitative cross-sectional survey was employed on 423 households selected through systematic random sampling. An adapted version of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview tool was used for the structured face-to-face interview. The collected data were checked for completeness, coded, and inserted into Epi Data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. Variables with P < g0.05 and odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] on multivariate logistic regression analysis were considered...

Background Community attitude towards mental health problems and help-seeking behavior plays a ma... more Background Community attitude towards mental health problems and help-seeking behavior plays a major role in designing effective community based mental health interventions. This study aimed to assess the attitude, help-seeking behavior, and associated factors of the Jimma zone community towards mental health and mental health problems. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study design was employed. A respondent from each of the 423 systematically selected households was interviewed using a pretested, structured, and interviewer-administered questionnaire. Accordingly, a community’s attitude towards mental health problems was measured by the adapted version of the “Community Attitude towards Mentally Ill questionnaire (CAMI)” and help-seeking behavior was measured by a general help-seeking questionnaire. Data were entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 23.0 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to determine the in...

Background Knowledge of the community regarding mental health problems has a remarkable impact on... more Background Knowledge of the community regarding mental health problems has a remarkable impact on the attitude, the help-seeking path, and prevention of stigma and discrimination against patients with mental health problems. It is also the cornerstone for designing evidence-based community mental health interventions. However, the evidence is scarce in developing countries like Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the knowledge regarding mental health problems and associated factors among communities of Jimma Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the Jimma zone from March 1 to 22, 2020. A structured, pretested, and interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 420 study participants selected through a systematic sampling technique. The knowledge about mental health was measured by the adapted version of the Mental Health Knowledge Schedule tool. Data were entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS ...

The Nursing Journal of India, Feb 1, 2006

International Journal of Health Sciences (IJHS), 2014

Documentation is anything written or electronically generated that describes the status of a clie... more Documentation is anything written or electronically generated that describes the status of a client or the services given to that client (1). In nursing practice, it is used to monitor a client's progress and to communicate with other care providers; it also reflects the nursing care that is provided to a client (2). Thus regardless of the area of practice or whether it is paper-based or electronic, documentation is inevitable in nursing as it is essential for safe, ethical and effective nursing practice.

The Nursing journal of India, 2006

Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 2008

Psychiatry Journal

Background. Risky Sexual Behaviors (RSB) and Depression symptoms expose young people to various r... more Background. Risky Sexual Behaviors (RSB) and Depression symptoms expose young people to various reproductive health problems including sexually transmitted infections and HIV/AIDS. To date the link between these two major public health problems lacks empirical evidence in the context of higher education institutions in Ethiopia. Objective. The aim of this study was to assess association between risky sexual behavior and depression symptoms among Jimma University main campus students, Jimma, Ethiopia, 2016. Methods. An institution based quantitative cross sectional study was conducted. A pre-tested questionnaire and modified Beck Depression Inventory II were administered to 700 students, selected by multi-stage stratified sampling, from the main campus of Jimma University. Descriptive statistics, simple and multiple logistic regression models were used to analyze possible confounders. Presence of crude association between the dependent and independent variables was detected by bivari...

Hindawi (Journal of Diabetes Research), 2020

Background: The first 12 months after childbirth may represent a high-risk time for depression. I... more Background: The first 12 months after childbirth may represent a high-risk time for depression. In Ethiopia there is a paucity of evidence about its magnitude and associated factors during that period. So, the aim of this study was to assess the magnitude of depression and associated factors among postpartum women in Mizan Aman town, Bench Maji Zone, Southwest Ethiopia 2017. Methods: A community based cross-sectional study design was employed from March 15 to April 15, 2017. Four hundred sixty women were selected using multistage random sampling technique. Face to face interview were conducted using structured questionnaires and standardized scales. Bivariate logistic regression analysis was done to see crude association between each independent variable and outcome variable. Variables with p value < 0.25 in bivariate analysis were entered to multivariable logistic regression analysis to control for confounding. Adjusted odd ratios with 95%CI were calculated to identify independent predictors of postpartum depression. Result: Four hundred fifty-six postpartum women participated in the study giving a response rate of 99%. The magnitude of postpartum depression among the study population was 102 (22.4%, 95% CI: 19.84–24.96). Postpartum depression is relatively higher in the first 6 weeks after birth. Postpartum depression is higher among mothers with age range between 18 and 23 years (aOR 3.89 95%CI: 1.53–9.90), unplanned pregnancy (aOR 3.35 95% CI: 1.701–6.58), child having sleeping problems (aOR 3.72 95%CI: 1.79–7.72), domestic violence (aOR 2.86 95%CI 1.72–8.79), unsatisfied marital relation (aOR 2.72 95% CI 1.32–5.62), poor social support (aOR 4.30 95% CI 1.79–10.30), history of previous depression (aOR 7.38 95% CI 3.12–17.35) and substance use (aOR 5.16 95% CI 2.52–10.60).

Unmanaged stress leads to high levels of employee dissatisfaction, illness, absenteeism, high tur... more Unmanaged stress leads to high levels of employee dissatisfaction, illness, absenteeism, high turnover, and decreased productivity that compromise provision of quality service to clients. Nurses are direct caregivers who serve a hospital twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. Job related stress in nurses continues to be an area of great interest to the profession, particularly as stress affects the health of the nurses and has direct impact on the quality of care rendered to patients as well as having an economic burden on the community. Institution based cross sectional survey was carried out from March to April, 2017, in order to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with work related stress among nurses working in Worabe Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. Self administered questionnaire were distributed to 138 nurses in the hospital, who were randomly selected for the study. Statistical software SPSS version 20 was used to analyze the data. Statistical association between work related stress and selected variables was determined by Chi-square test, with P value< 0.05 considered to be statistically significant. Conclusion: A little more than half, 56.3% nurses at Worabe Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital were stressed at work place. Sex, age, religion, ethnicity, marital status, child rearing, professional qualification, monthly salary, work experience and department of work were associated with work related stress.

BMJ Open, 2022

Additional file 1. Appendix listing survey questions.

Journal of Diabetes Research, 2020

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2018

Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 2021

Psychiatry Journal, 2020

Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2021

The Nursing Journal of India, Feb 1, 2006

International Journal of Health Sciences (IJHS), 2014

The Nursing journal of India, 2006

Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 2008

Psychiatry Journal

Hindawi (Journal of Diabetes Research), 2020

Background: The first 12 months after childbirth may represent a high-risk time for depression. I... more Background: The first 12 months after childbirth may represent a high-risk time for depression. In Ethiopia there is a paucity of evidence about its magnitude and associated factors during that period. So, the aim of this study was to assess the magnitude of depression and associated factors among postpartum women in Mizan Aman town, Bench Maji Zone, Southwest Ethiopia 2017. Methods: A community based cross-sectional study design was employed from March 15 to April 15, 2017. Four hundred sixty women were selected using multistage random sampling technique. Face to face interview were conducted using structured questionnaires and standardized scales. Bivariate logistic regression analysis was done to see crude association between each independent variable and outcome variable. Variables with p value < 0.25 in bivariate analysis were entered to multivariable logistic regression analysis to control for confounding. Adjusted odd ratios with 95%CI were calculated to identify independent predictors of postpartum depression. Result: Four hundred fifty-six postpartum women participated in the study giving a response rate of 99%. The magnitude of postpartum depression among the study population was 102 (22.4%, 95% CI: 19.84–24.96). Postpartum depression is relatively higher in the first 6 weeks after birth. Postpartum depression is higher among mothers with age range between 18 and 23 years (aOR 3.89 95%CI: 1.53–9.90), unplanned pregnancy (aOR 3.35 95% CI: 1.701–6.58), child having sleeping problems (aOR 3.72 95%CI: 1.79–7.72), domestic violence (aOR 2.86 95%CI 1.72–8.79), unsatisfied marital relation (aOR 2.72 95% CI 1.32–5.62), poor social support (aOR 4.30 95% CI 1.79–10.30), history of previous depression (aOR 7.38 95% CI 3.12–17.35) and substance use (aOR 5.16 95% CI 2.52–10.60).