Susan Bragdon - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Susan Bragdon

American University of International Law Review, 2020

Comments and queries on the contents of this paper are welcome and should be addressed to:

American journal of trade and policy, Dec 31, 2019

working with governments, United Nations agencies, multilateral institutions, donor organizations... more working with governments, United Nations agencies, multilateral institutions, donor organizations and small-scale farmer organizations to create deliberate, systemic institutional and policy change in support of agriculture that nourishes both people and the planet.

CABI Publishing eBooks, 2000

Chapter in Book: This book presents the perspectives of policy-makers and economists on a highly ... more Chapter in Book: This book presents the perspectives of policy-makers and economists on a highly topical subject. Plant breeding patents, the ownership of biological innovation and associated intellectual property rights (IPR) are the subject of increased attention worldwide. They are particularly relevant in the field of agricultural biotechnology, but until recently evoked little policy analysis. IPRs are particularly relevant in the field of agricultural biotechnology. They are issues affecting public and private sector organizations and companies, and are significant for developing as well as developed countries. Table of Contents 1: Introduction, V Santaniello et al. 2: Patent and Other Private Legal Rights for Biotechnology Inventions (Intellectual Property Rights - IPR), D D Evenson, P.L.L.C., Washington, USA 3: Intellectual Property Rights of Plant Varieties and of Biotechnology in the European Union, V Santaniello 4: Intellectual Property Rights under the Convention on Biological Diversity, W Lesser, Cornell University, USA 5: An Economic Approach to Identifying An ‘Effective Sui Generis System’ for Plant Variety Protection Under TRIPS, W Lesser 6: Recent Intellectual Property Rights Controversies and Issues at the CGIAR, S H Bragdon, IPGRI, Rome, Italy 7: Economics of Intellectual Property Rights for Agricultural Technology, R E Evenson 8: The Market Value of Farmers’ Rights, R Mendelsohn, Yale University, USA 9: International Crop Breeding in a World of Proprietary Technology, B D Wright, University of California, USA 10: Knowledge Management and the Economics of Agricultural Biotechnology, D Zilberman and C Yarkin, University of California, USA and A Heiman, Hebrew University, Israel 11: Comparing Allocation of Resources in Public and Private Research, S Lemarié, Université Pierre-Mendès, Grenoble, France 12: Biotechnology Inventions: What Can We Learn From Patents?, D K N Johnson, Wellesley College, Massachusetts, USA and V Santaniello 13: Biotechnology Inventions: Patent Data Evidence, A Zohrabyan, Yale University, USA and R E Evenson 14: Property Rights and Regulations for Transgenic Crops in North America, G Carlson and M Marra, North Carolina State University, USA 15: Intellectual Property Rights, Canola and Public Research in Canada, P W B Phillips, University of Saskatchewan, Canada Reviews Have you read this book, or used it for one of your courses? We would love to hear your feedback. Email our reviews team to submit a review.

Global Environmental Change-human and Policy Dimensions, Jun 1, 1996

Convention on Biological Diversity T he Contracting Parties, concious of the intrinsic value of b... more Convention on Biological Diversity T he Contracting Parties, concious of the intrinsic value of biological diversity and of the ecological, genetic, social, economic, scientific, educational, cultural, recreational and aesthetic values of biological diversity and its components, Conscious also of the importance of biological diversity for evolution and for maintaining life sustaining systems of the biosphere, Affirming that the conservation of biological diversity is a common concern of humankind, Reaffirming that States have sovereing rights over their own biological resources, Reaffirming also that States are responsible for conserving their biological diversity and for using their biological resources in a sustainable manner, Concerned that biological diversity is being significantly reduced by certain human activities, Aware of the general lack of information and knowledge regarding biological diversity and of the urgent need to develop scientific, technical and institutional capacities to provide the basic understanding upon which to plan and implement appropriate measures, Noting that it is vital to anticipate, prevent and attac the causes of significant reduction or loss of biological diversity at source, Noting also that where there is a threat of significant reduction or loss of biological diversity, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing measures to avoid or minimize such a threat, Noting farther that the fundamental requirement for the conservation of biological diversity in the in-situ conservation of ecosystems and natural habitats and the maintenance and recovery of viable populations of species in their natural surroundings, Noting farther that ex-situ measures, preferably in the country of origin, also have an important hole to play, Recognizing the close and traditional dependence of many indigenous and local communities embodying traditional lifestyles on biological resources, and the desirability of sharing equitably benefits arising from the use of traditional knowledge, innovations and practices relevant to the conservation of biological diversity and the sustainable use of its components, Recognizing also the vital role that women play in the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity and affirming the need for the full participation of women at all levels of policy-making and implementation for biological diversity conservation, Stressing the importance of, and the need to promote international, regional and global cooperation among States and intergovernmental organizations and non-governmental sector for the conservation of biological diversity and the sustainable use of its components, Acknowledging that the provision of new and additional financial resources and appropriate access to relevant technologies can be expected to make a substantial difference in the world's ability to address the loss of biological diversity, Acknowledging farther that special provision is required to meet the needs of developing countries, including the provision of new and additional financial resources and appropriate access to relevant technologies, Noting in this regard the special conditions of the least developed countries and small island States, Acknowledging that substancial investments are required to conserve biological diversity and that there is the expectation of a broad range of environmental, economicand social benefits from those investments, Recognizing that economical and social development and poverty eradication are the first and overriding priorities of developing contries, Aware that conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity is of critical importance for meeting the food, health and other needs of the growing world populations, for which purpose access to and sharing of both geneticresources and technologies are essential, Noting that, ultimately, the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity will strengthen friendly relations among States and contribute to peace for humankind, Desiring to enhance and complement existing international arrangements for the conservation of biological diversity and sustainable use of its components, and Determined to conserve and sustainably use of biological diversity for the benefit of present and future generations, Have agreed as follows: Article 1 Objectives The objectives of this Convention, to be pursued in accordance with its relevant provisions, are the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of geneticresources, including by appropriate access to geneticresources and by appropriate transfer of relevant technologies, taking into account all rights over those resources and to technologies, and by appropriate funding. Article 2 Use of Terms For the purposes of this Convention: "Biological diversity" means the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquaticecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems. "Biological resources" includes geneticresources, organisms or parts thereof, populations, or any other bioticcomponent of ecosystems with actual or potential use or value for humanity. "Biotechnology" means any technological application that uses bilogical systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use. "Country of origin of genetic resources" means the country which possesses those genetic resources in in-situ conditions. "Country providing geneticresources" means the country supplying genetic

Yearbook of International Environmental Law, 1995

Chapter in Book: This book presents around 80 briefly described cases which illuminate the accumu... more Chapter in Book: This book presents around 80 briefly described cases which illuminate the accumulated experience in utilizing and managing crop genetic diversity in farmers' fields both in the South and the North. These experiences illustrate the conflict which has been thought to exist between crop conservation and development, and contribute to the understanding of the opportunities that are offered by new approaches and activities in this field. There are frequent similarities between problems in the South and the North, and the book presents the experiences and perspectives of farmers, genebanks, plant breeders, seed programs and NGOs involved in crop development and conservation. The authors analyze the experiences in the context of new approaches in local and global Plant Genetic Resource (PGR) management being tried by both the formal and informal sector. The last part of the book suggests guidelines for future development in PGR management. It discusses the implications of integrated and adaptive management approaches in PGR management, and the need to rethink the institutional organization required to bring about changes which can help farmers and professionals in PGR management to resist the pressures of a range of global forces. This book presents a very diverse and rich array of experiences and in effect proposes a synthesis of what have been taken to be conflicting views of conservation and development. ISBN 1853395102 (ISBN13: 9781853395109)

Development, Dec 1, 2016

Governments are facing an existential crisis with respect to food security. What is their role in... more Governments are facing an existential crisis with respect to food security. What is their role in ensuring local food security and supporting domestic agricultural sectors, and particularly smallscale farmers, while the world is increasingly looking to market-based solutions to meet global food security needs? As they currently operate, global trade and intellectual property rights regimes do not work in favour of most small-scale farmers, who are the largest contributors to global food security while often remaining food insecure themselves. It is therefore incumbent upon governments to provide more than just an enabling environment for markets and the private sector-they must play an active role in protecting the public interest. This paper calls into question the core belief that market-based solutions are sufficient for ensuring local and global food security and emphasizes the need for a revitalized public sector.

Yearbook of International Environmental Law, 1994

African Crop Science Journal, Jul 2, 2009

American University of International Law Review, 2020

Chapter in Book: This book presents around 80 briefly described cases which illuminate the accumu... more Chapter in Book: This book presents around 80 briefly described cases which illuminate the accumulated experience in utilizing and managing crop genetic diversity in farmers' fields both in the South and the North. These experiences illustrate the conflict which has been thought to exist between crop conservation and development, and contribute to the understanding of the opportunities that are offered by new approaches and activities in this field. There are frequent similarities between problems in the South and the North, and the book presents the experiences and perspectives of farmers, genebanks, plant breeders, seed programs and NGOs involved in crop development and conservation. The authors analyze the experiences in the context of new approaches in local and global Plant Genetic Resource (PGR) management being tried by both the formal and informal sector. The last part of the book suggests guidelines for future development in PGR management. It discusses the implications of integrated and adaptive management approaches in PGR management, and the need to rethink the institutional organization required to bring about changes which can help farmers and professionals in PGR management to resist the pressures of a range of global forces. This book presents a very diverse and rich array of experiences and in effect proposes a synthesis of what have been taken to be conflicting views of conservation and development. ISBN 1853395102 (ISBN13: 9781853395109)

Agriculture and intellectual property rights: economic, institutional and implementation issues in biotechnology.

Chapter in Book: This book presents the perspectives of policy-makers and economists on a highly ... more Chapter in Book: This book presents the perspectives of policy-makers and economists on a highly topical subject. Plant breeding patents, the ownership of biological innovation and associated intellectual property rights (IPR) are the subject of increased attention worldwide. They are particularly relevant in the field of agricultural biotechnology, but until recently evoked little policy analysis. IPRs are particularly relevant in the field of agricultural biotechnology. They are issues affecting public and private sector organizations and companies, and are significant for developing as well as developed countries. Table of Contents 1: Introduction, V Santaniello et al. 2: Patent and Other Private Legal Rights for Biotechnology Inventions (Intellectual Property Rights - IPR), D D Evenson, P.L.L.C., Washington, USA 3: Intellectual Property Rights of Plant Varieties and of Biotechnology in the European Union, V Santaniello 4: Intellectual Property Rights under the Convention on Biological Diversity, W Lesser, Cornell University, USA 5: An Economic Approach to Identifying An ‘Effective Sui Generis System’ for Plant Variety Protection Under TRIPS, W Lesser 6: Recent Intellectual Property Rights Controversies and Issues at the CGIAR, S H Bragdon, IPGRI, Rome, Italy 7: Economics of Intellectual Property Rights for Agricultural Technology, R E Evenson 8: The Market Value of Farmers’ Rights, R Mendelsohn, Yale University, USA 9: International Crop Breeding in a World of Proprietary Technology, B D Wright, University of California, USA 10: Knowledge Management and the Economics of Agricultural Biotechnology, D Zilberman and C Yarkin, University of California, USA and A Heiman, Hebrew University, Israel 11: Comparing Allocation of Resources in Public and Private Research, S Lemarié, Université Pierre-Mendès, Grenoble, France 12: Biotechnology Inventions: What Can We Learn From Patents?, D K N Johnson, Wellesley College, Massachusetts, USA and V Santaniello 13: Biotechnology Inventions: Patent Data Evidence, A Zohrabyan, Yale University, USA and R E Evenson 14: Property Rights and Regulations for Transgenic Crops in North America, G Carlson and M Marra, North Carolina State University, USA 15: Intellectual Property Rights, Canola and Public Research in Canada, P W B Phillips, University of Saskatchewan, Canada Reviews Have you read this book, or used it for one of your courses? We would love to hear your feedback. Email our reviews team to submit a review.

International Journal of Biodiversity Science & Management, 2009

Developments in international and national law and policy over the last two decades have changed ... more Developments in international and national law and policy over the last two decades have changed the working environment for those in charge of managing and making decisions about genetic resources, including those held on-farm by farming communities. A collaborative programme with national partners in Vietnam, Mexico, Peru, Burkina Faso, Morocco and Hungary, and Bioversity International (formerly the International Plant Genetic

Harvard International Law Journal, 1992

... draft convention on bio-logical diversity covering, inter alia, both wild and domestic specie... more ... draft convention on bio-logical diversity covering, inter alia, both wild and domestic species, in ... The loss of biological diversity, like the depletion of the ozone layer and climate ... objective in addressing the environmental problem.24 The nature of global environmental problems ...

American University of International Law Review, 2020

Comments and queries on the contents of this paper are welcome and should be addressed to:

American journal of trade and policy, Dec 31, 2019

working with governments, United Nations agencies, multilateral institutions, donor organizations... more working with governments, United Nations agencies, multilateral institutions, donor organizations and small-scale farmer organizations to create deliberate, systemic institutional and policy change in support of agriculture that nourishes both people and the planet.

CABI Publishing eBooks, 2000

Chapter in Book: This book presents the perspectives of policy-makers and economists on a highly ... more Chapter in Book: This book presents the perspectives of policy-makers and economists on a highly topical subject. Plant breeding patents, the ownership of biological innovation and associated intellectual property rights (IPR) are the subject of increased attention worldwide. They are particularly relevant in the field of agricultural biotechnology, but until recently evoked little policy analysis. IPRs are particularly relevant in the field of agricultural biotechnology. They are issues affecting public and private sector organizations and companies, and are significant for developing as well as developed countries. Table of Contents 1: Introduction, V Santaniello et al. 2: Patent and Other Private Legal Rights for Biotechnology Inventions (Intellectual Property Rights - IPR), D D Evenson, P.L.L.C., Washington, USA 3: Intellectual Property Rights of Plant Varieties and of Biotechnology in the European Union, V Santaniello 4: Intellectual Property Rights under the Convention on Biological Diversity, W Lesser, Cornell University, USA 5: An Economic Approach to Identifying An ‘Effective Sui Generis System’ for Plant Variety Protection Under TRIPS, W Lesser 6: Recent Intellectual Property Rights Controversies and Issues at the CGIAR, S H Bragdon, IPGRI, Rome, Italy 7: Economics of Intellectual Property Rights for Agricultural Technology, R E Evenson 8: The Market Value of Farmers’ Rights, R Mendelsohn, Yale University, USA 9: International Crop Breeding in a World of Proprietary Technology, B D Wright, University of California, USA 10: Knowledge Management and the Economics of Agricultural Biotechnology, D Zilberman and C Yarkin, University of California, USA and A Heiman, Hebrew University, Israel 11: Comparing Allocation of Resources in Public and Private Research, S Lemarié, Université Pierre-Mendès, Grenoble, France 12: Biotechnology Inventions: What Can We Learn From Patents?, D K N Johnson, Wellesley College, Massachusetts, USA and V Santaniello 13: Biotechnology Inventions: Patent Data Evidence, A Zohrabyan, Yale University, USA and R E Evenson 14: Property Rights and Regulations for Transgenic Crops in North America, G Carlson and M Marra, North Carolina State University, USA 15: Intellectual Property Rights, Canola and Public Research in Canada, P W B Phillips, University of Saskatchewan, Canada Reviews Have you read this book, or used it for one of your courses? We would love to hear your feedback. Email our reviews team to submit a review.

Global Environmental Change-human and Policy Dimensions, Jun 1, 1996

Convention on Biological Diversity T he Contracting Parties, concious of the intrinsic value of b... more Convention on Biological Diversity T he Contracting Parties, concious of the intrinsic value of biological diversity and of the ecological, genetic, social, economic, scientific, educational, cultural, recreational and aesthetic values of biological diversity and its components, Conscious also of the importance of biological diversity for evolution and for maintaining life sustaining systems of the biosphere, Affirming that the conservation of biological diversity is a common concern of humankind, Reaffirming that States have sovereing rights over their own biological resources, Reaffirming also that States are responsible for conserving their biological diversity and for using their biological resources in a sustainable manner, Concerned that biological diversity is being significantly reduced by certain human activities, Aware of the general lack of information and knowledge regarding biological diversity and of the urgent need to develop scientific, technical and institutional capacities to provide the basic understanding upon which to plan and implement appropriate measures, Noting that it is vital to anticipate, prevent and attac the causes of significant reduction or loss of biological diversity at source, Noting also that where there is a threat of significant reduction or loss of biological diversity, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing measures to avoid or minimize such a threat, Noting farther that the fundamental requirement for the conservation of biological diversity in the in-situ conservation of ecosystems and natural habitats and the maintenance and recovery of viable populations of species in their natural surroundings, Noting farther that ex-situ measures, preferably in the country of origin, also have an important hole to play, Recognizing the close and traditional dependence of many indigenous and local communities embodying traditional lifestyles on biological resources, and the desirability of sharing equitably benefits arising from the use of traditional knowledge, innovations and practices relevant to the conservation of biological diversity and the sustainable use of its components, Recognizing also the vital role that women play in the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity and affirming the need for the full participation of women at all levels of policy-making and implementation for biological diversity conservation, Stressing the importance of, and the need to promote international, regional and global cooperation among States and intergovernmental organizations and non-governmental sector for the conservation of biological diversity and the sustainable use of its components, Acknowledging that the provision of new and additional financial resources and appropriate access to relevant technologies can be expected to make a substantial difference in the world's ability to address the loss of biological diversity, Acknowledging farther that special provision is required to meet the needs of developing countries, including the provision of new and additional financial resources and appropriate access to relevant technologies, Noting in this regard the special conditions of the least developed countries and small island States, Acknowledging that substancial investments are required to conserve biological diversity and that there is the expectation of a broad range of environmental, economicand social benefits from those investments, Recognizing that economical and social development and poverty eradication are the first and overriding priorities of developing contries, Aware that conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity is of critical importance for meeting the food, health and other needs of the growing world populations, for which purpose access to and sharing of both geneticresources and technologies are essential, Noting that, ultimately, the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity will strengthen friendly relations among States and contribute to peace for humankind, Desiring to enhance and complement existing international arrangements for the conservation of biological diversity and sustainable use of its components, and Determined to conserve and sustainably use of biological diversity for the benefit of present and future generations, Have agreed as follows: Article 1 Objectives The objectives of this Convention, to be pursued in accordance with its relevant provisions, are the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of geneticresources, including by appropriate access to geneticresources and by appropriate transfer of relevant technologies, taking into account all rights over those resources and to technologies, and by appropriate funding. Article 2 Use of Terms For the purposes of this Convention: "Biological diversity" means the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquaticecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems. "Biological resources" includes geneticresources, organisms or parts thereof, populations, or any other bioticcomponent of ecosystems with actual or potential use or value for humanity. "Biotechnology" means any technological application that uses bilogical systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use. "Country of origin of genetic resources" means the country which possesses those genetic resources in in-situ conditions. "Country providing geneticresources" means the country supplying genetic

Yearbook of International Environmental Law, 1995

Chapter in Book: This book presents around 80 briefly described cases which illuminate the accumu... more Chapter in Book: This book presents around 80 briefly described cases which illuminate the accumulated experience in utilizing and managing crop genetic diversity in farmers' fields both in the South and the North. These experiences illustrate the conflict which has been thought to exist between crop conservation and development, and contribute to the understanding of the opportunities that are offered by new approaches and activities in this field. There are frequent similarities between problems in the South and the North, and the book presents the experiences and perspectives of farmers, genebanks, plant breeders, seed programs and NGOs involved in crop development and conservation. The authors analyze the experiences in the context of new approaches in local and global Plant Genetic Resource (PGR) management being tried by both the formal and informal sector. The last part of the book suggests guidelines for future development in PGR management. It discusses the implications of integrated and adaptive management approaches in PGR management, and the need to rethink the institutional organization required to bring about changes which can help farmers and professionals in PGR management to resist the pressures of a range of global forces. This book presents a very diverse and rich array of experiences and in effect proposes a synthesis of what have been taken to be conflicting views of conservation and development. ISBN 1853395102 (ISBN13: 9781853395109)

Development, Dec 1, 2016

Governments are facing an existential crisis with respect to food security. What is their role in... more Governments are facing an existential crisis with respect to food security. What is their role in ensuring local food security and supporting domestic agricultural sectors, and particularly smallscale farmers, while the world is increasingly looking to market-based solutions to meet global food security needs? As they currently operate, global trade and intellectual property rights regimes do not work in favour of most small-scale farmers, who are the largest contributors to global food security while often remaining food insecure themselves. It is therefore incumbent upon governments to provide more than just an enabling environment for markets and the private sector-they must play an active role in protecting the public interest. This paper calls into question the core belief that market-based solutions are sufficient for ensuring local and global food security and emphasizes the need for a revitalized public sector.

Yearbook of International Environmental Law, 1994

African Crop Science Journal, Jul 2, 2009

American University of International Law Review, 2020

Chapter in Book: This book presents around 80 briefly described cases which illuminate the accumu... more Chapter in Book: This book presents around 80 briefly described cases which illuminate the accumulated experience in utilizing and managing crop genetic diversity in farmers' fields both in the South and the North. These experiences illustrate the conflict which has been thought to exist between crop conservation and development, and contribute to the understanding of the opportunities that are offered by new approaches and activities in this field. There are frequent similarities between problems in the South and the North, and the book presents the experiences and perspectives of farmers, genebanks, plant breeders, seed programs and NGOs involved in crop development and conservation. The authors analyze the experiences in the context of new approaches in local and global Plant Genetic Resource (PGR) management being tried by both the formal and informal sector. The last part of the book suggests guidelines for future development in PGR management. It discusses the implications of integrated and adaptive management approaches in PGR management, and the need to rethink the institutional organization required to bring about changes which can help farmers and professionals in PGR management to resist the pressures of a range of global forces. This book presents a very diverse and rich array of experiences and in effect proposes a synthesis of what have been taken to be conflicting views of conservation and development. ISBN 1853395102 (ISBN13: 9781853395109)

Agriculture and intellectual property rights: economic, institutional and implementation issues in biotechnology.

Chapter in Book: This book presents the perspectives of policy-makers and economists on a highly ... more Chapter in Book: This book presents the perspectives of policy-makers and economists on a highly topical subject. Plant breeding patents, the ownership of biological innovation and associated intellectual property rights (IPR) are the subject of increased attention worldwide. They are particularly relevant in the field of agricultural biotechnology, but until recently evoked little policy analysis. IPRs are particularly relevant in the field of agricultural biotechnology. They are issues affecting public and private sector organizations and companies, and are significant for developing as well as developed countries. Table of Contents 1: Introduction, V Santaniello et al. 2: Patent and Other Private Legal Rights for Biotechnology Inventions (Intellectual Property Rights - IPR), D D Evenson, P.L.L.C., Washington, USA 3: Intellectual Property Rights of Plant Varieties and of Biotechnology in the European Union, V Santaniello 4: Intellectual Property Rights under the Convention on Biological Diversity, W Lesser, Cornell University, USA 5: An Economic Approach to Identifying An ‘Effective Sui Generis System’ for Plant Variety Protection Under TRIPS, W Lesser 6: Recent Intellectual Property Rights Controversies and Issues at the CGIAR, S H Bragdon, IPGRI, Rome, Italy 7: Economics of Intellectual Property Rights for Agricultural Technology, R E Evenson 8: The Market Value of Farmers’ Rights, R Mendelsohn, Yale University, USA 9: International Crop Breeding in a World of Proprietary Technology, B D Wright, University of California, USA 10: Knowledge Management and the Economics of Agricultural Biotechnology, D Zilberman and C Yarkin, University of California, USA and A Heiman, Hebrew University, Israel 11: Comparing Allocation of Resources in Public and Private Research, S Lemarié, Université Pierre-Mendès, Grenoble, France 12: Biotechnology Inventions: What Can We Learn From Patents?, D K N Johnson, Wellesley College, Massachusetts, USA and V Santaniello 13: Biotechnology Inventions: Patent Data Evidence, A Zohrabyan, Yale University, USA and R E Evenson 14: Property Rights and Regulations for Transgenic Crops in North America, G Carlson and M Marra, North Carolina State University, USA 15: Intellectual Property Rights, Canola and Public Research in Canada, P W B Phillips, University of Saskatchewan, Canada Reviews Have you read this book, or used it for one of your courses? We would love to hear your feedback. Email our reviews team to submit a review.

International Journal of Biodiversity Science & Management, 2009

Developments in international and national law and policy over the last two decades have changed ... more Developments in international and national law and policy over the last two decades have changed the working environment for those in charge of managing and making decisions about genetic resources, including those held on-farm by farming communities. A collaborative programme with national partners in Vietnam, Mexico, Peru, Burkina Faso, Morocco and Hungary, and Bioversity International (formerly the International Plant Genetic

Harvard International Law Journal, 1992

... draft convention on bio-logical diversity covering, inter alia, both wild and domestic specie... more ... draft convention on bio-logical diversity covering, inter alia, both wild and domestic species, in ... The loss of biological diversity, like the depletion of the ozone layer and climate ... objective in addressing the environmental problem.24 The nature of global environmental problems ...

Kenya's Legal and Institutional Structure for Environmental Protection and Resource Management, 1992

Environmental issues transcend the boundaries of Kenya's current legal and institutional structur... more Environmental issues transcend the boundaries of Kenya's current legal and institutional structure. In the interest of its future prosperity Kenya requires a system of resource management that aims at the long-term sustainable use of natural resources. An appropriate system implemented under the auspices of a national environmental policy and land use strategy is necessary to ensure sound environmental conservation and management. This paper explores Kenya's legal and institutional system as it relates to the environment. The paper focuses on critical issues which must be considered in evaluating the system and then discusses the evolution of the Kenyan system in response to changing environmental concerns. The paper also considers the current opportunities for creating an effective system for environmental management, key reform efforts are briefly discussed and contraints to change are analyzed. Finally, steps are recommended for improving and reforming the current system in order to promote the sound management of natural resources in Kenya.