Sushmit Mishra - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Sushmit Mishra

Research paper thumbnail of Good working memory capacity facilitates long-term memory encoding of speech in stationary noise

Background noise makes listening more cognitively demanding, especially for persons with hearingi... more Background noise makes listening more cognitively demanding, especially for persons with hearingimpairment, and this seems to aect memory encoding. It is not clear whether this decrement can berestored by providing visual cues. In the present study, we investigated whether long term memoryencoding of speech, in quiet and in background noise adjusted to retain intelligibility, improves whenthe talkers face is visible, and whether such an enhancement is associated with working memorycapacity. Twenty adults with normal hearing in Experiment 1 and 24 adults with hearing loss inExperiment 2 listened to lists of 13 two-digit numbers, with or without seeing the talkers face, andthen recalled as many numbers as possible in any order. The lists were presented in quiet as wellin a steady-state speech-weighted noise and the International Speech Testing Signal at a signal-tonoiseratio individually adapted to give an intelligibility level of approximately 90%. Amplicationcompensated for loss of ...

Research paper thumbnail of Seeing the talker’s face supports executive processing of speech in steady state noise. Front

Listening to speech in noise depletes cognitive resources, affecting speech processing. The prese... more Listening to speech in noise depletes cognitive resources, affecting speech processing. The present study investigated how remaining resources or cognitive spare capacity (CSC) can be deployed by young adults with normal hearing. We administered a test of CSC (CSCT;

Research paper thumbnail of Adverse listening conditions disrupt executive processing of speech more for older adults with hearing impairment than for younger adults with normal hearing

Cognitive resources, specifically working memory capacity are used for listening to speech, espec... more Cognitive resources, specifically working memory capacity are used for listening to speech, especially in noise. Cognitive resources are limited, and if listeners allocate a greater share of these resources to recovering the input signal in noise, fewer resources are available for interpreting and encoding its linguistic content. Although the importance of CSC for individual success in communicative situations has been acknowledged, this concept has not hitherto been explored experimentally. In this thesis, a CSC test (CSCT) was developed and administered to young adults with normal hearing and older adults with age-related hearing loss. CSCT required executive processing of speech at different memory loads with and without visual cues in different noise conditions. A free recall task using the same material was administered for comparison purposes and a battery of cognitive tests was administered to understand the relation between CSC and established cognitive concepts. The aims of...

Research paper thumbnail of Cognitive spare capacity test : Some preliminary findings

Research paper thumbnail of Cognitive spare capacity test: Preliminary findings

Research paper thumbnail of Aided speech understanding and cognitive spare capacity

Research paper thumbnail of Speech understanding and cognitive spare capacity

Tests used in the audiological clinic for assessment of the outcome of rehabilitation with hearin... more Tests used in the audiological clinic for assessment of the outcome of rehabilitation with hearing aids do not take the individuals’ cognitive abilities into account. Listening in effortful conditions has been related to working memory capacity. The complex relationship between working memory and language understanding can be understood in terms of the working memory model for Ease of Language Understanding (ELU) [Ronnberg et al., Int J Audiol 47, S99-S105 (2008)]. The ELU model predicts that in challenging listening conditions, high explicit processing capacity is associated with better language understanding. In this study, we investigate the cognitive spare capacity, that is, residual cognitive capacity after successful listening has been achieved, and its relationship to working memory capacity. We achieve this by administering a battery of cognitive tests for assessing working memory capacity, including reading span, lexical access, phonological and inference- making tasks and ...

Research paper thumbnail of Age-related sensory and cognitive decline make it harder to remember speech in noise across serial positions

Age-related sensory and cognitive decline make it harder to remember speech in noise across seria... more Age-related sensory and cognitive decline make it harder to remember speech in noise across serial positions

Research paper thumbnail of Exploring Cognitive Spare Capacity

carried out within broad problem areas. Research is organized in interdisciplinary research envir... more carried out within broad problem areas. Research is organized in interdisciplinary research environments and doctoral studies mainly in graduate schools. Jointly, they publish the series

Research paper thumbnail of Sick and tired of listening

Research paper thumbnail of Aided speech understanding and cognitive spare capacity

Research paper thumbnail of Seeing the Talker's Face Improves Free Recall of Speech for Young Adults With Normal Hearing but Not Older Adults With Hearing Loss

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Age-related individual differences in working memory capacity and executive ability influence cognitive spare capacity

Research paper thumbnail of Cognitive spare capacity test : Some preliminary findings

Research paper thumbnail of Sick and tired of listening

Research paper thumbnail of Cognitive spare capacity test: Preliminary findings

Research paper thumbnail of Speech understanding and cognitive spare capacity

Research paper thumbnail of Adverse listening conditions disrupt executive processing of speech more for older adults with hearing impairment than for younger adults with normal hearing

Research paper thumbnail of Visual Information Can Hinder Working Memory Processing of Speech

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research Jslhr, Jun 19, 2013

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the new Cognitive Spare Capacity Test (... more Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the new Cognitive Spare Capacity Test (CSCT), which measures aspects of working memory capacity for heard speech in the audiovisual and auditory-only modalities of presentation. Method: In Experiment 1, 20 young adults with normal hearing performed the CSCT and an independent battery of cognitive tests. In the CSCT, they listened to and recalled 2-digit numbers according to instructions inducing executive processing at 2 different memory loads. In Experiment 2, 10 participants performed a less executively demanding free recall task using the same stimuli. Results: CSCT performance demonstrated an effect of memory load and was associated with independent measures of executive function and inference making but not with general working memory capacity. Audiovisual presentation was associated with lower CSCT scores but higher free recall performance scores. Conclusions: CSCT is an executively challenging test of the ability to process heard speech. It captures cognitive aspects of listening related to sentence comprehension that are quantitatively and qualitatively different from working memory capacity. Visual information provided in the audiovisual modality of presentation can hinder executive processing in working memory of nondegraded speech material.

Research paper thumbnail of Theory-of-mind in individuals with Alström syndrome is related to executive functions, and verbal ability

Frontiers in Psychology, 2015

This study focuses on cognitive prerequisites for the development of theory-of-mind (ToM), the ab... more This study focuses on cognitive prerequisites for the development of theory-of-mind (ToM), the ability to impute mental states to self and others in young adults with Alström syndrome (AS). AS is a rare and quite recently described recessively inherited ciliopathic disorder which causes progressive sensorineural hearing loss and juvenile blindness, as well as many other organ dysfunctions. Two cognitive abilities were considered; Phonological working memory (WM) and executive functions (EF), both of importance in speech development. Ten individuals (18-37 years) diagnosed with AS, and 20 individuals with no known impairment matched for age, gender, and educational level participated. Sensory functions were measured. Information about motor functions and communicative skills was obtained from responses to a questionnaire. ToM was assessed using Happés strange stories, verbal ability by a vocabulary test, phonological WM by means of an auditory presented non-word serial recall task and EF by tests of updating and inhibition. The AS group performed at a significantly lower level than the control group in both the ToM task and the EF tasks. A significant correlation was observed between recall of non-words and EF in the AS group. Updating, but not inhibition, correlated significantly with verbal ability, whereas both updating and inhibition were significantly related to the ability to initiate and sustain communication. Poorer performance in the ToM and EF tasks were related to language perseverance and motor mannerisms. The AS group displayed a delayed ToM as well as reduced phonological WM, EF, and verbal ability. A significant association between ToM and EF, suggests a compensatory role of EF. This association may reflect the importance of EF to perceive and process input from the social environment when the social interaction is challenged by dual sensory loss. We argue that limitations in EF capacity in individuals with AS, to some extent, may be related to early blindness and progressive hearing loss, but maybe also to gene specific abnormalities.

Research paper thumbnail of Good working memory capacity facilitates long-term memory encoding of speech in stationary noise

Background noise makes listening more cognitively demanding, especially for persons with hearingi... more Background noise makes listening more cognitively demanding, especially for persons with hearingimpairment, and this seems to aect memory encoding. It is not clear whether this decrement can berestored by providing visual cues. In the present study, we investigated whether long term memoryencoding of speech, in quiet and in background noise adjusted to retain intelligibility, improves whenthe talkers face is visible, and whether such an enhancement is associated with working memorycapacity. Twenty adults with normal hearing in Experiment 1 and 24 adults with hearing loss inExperiment 2 listened to lists of 13 two-digit numbers, with or without seeing the talkers face, andthen recalled as many numbers as possible in any order. The lists were presented in quiet as wellin a steady-state speech-weighted noise and the International Speech Testing Signal at a signal-tonoiseratio individually adapted to give an intelligibility level of approximately 90%. Amplicationcompensated for loss of ...

Research paper thumbnail of Seeing the talker’s face supports executive processing of speech in steady state noise. Front

Listening to speech in noise depletes cognitive resources, affecting speech processing. The prese... more Listening to speech in noise depletes cognitive resources, affecting speech processing. The present study investigated how remaining resources or cognitive spare capacity (CSC) can be deployed by young adults with normal hearing. We administered a test of CSC (CSCT;

Research paper thumbnail of Adverse listening conditions disrupt executive processing of speech more for older adults with hearing impairment than for younger adults with normal hearing

Cognitive resources, specifically working memory capacity are used for listening to speech, espec... more Cognitive resources, specifically working memory capacity are used for listening to speech, especially in noise. Cognitive resources are limited, and if listeners allocate a greater share of these resources to recovering the input signal in noise, fewer resources are available for interpreting and encoding its linguistic content. Although the importance of CSC for individual success in communicative situations has been acknowledged, this concept has not hitherto been explored experimentally. In this thesis, a CSC test (CSCT) was developed and administered to young adults with normal hearing and older adults with age-related hearing loss. CSCT required executive processing of speech at different memory loads with and without visual cues in different noise conditions. A free recall task using the same material was administered for comparison purposes and a battery of cognitive tests was administered to understand the relation between CSC and established cognitive concepts. The aims of...

Research paper thumbnail of Cognitive spare capacity test : Some preliminary findings

Research paper thumbnail of Cognitive spare capacity test: Preliminary findings

Research paper thumbnail of Aided speech understanding and cognitive spare capacity

Research paper thumbnail of Speech understanding and cognitive spare capacity

Tests used in the audiological clinic for assessment of the outcome of rehabilitation with hearin... more Tests used in the audiological clinic for assessment of the outcome of rehabilitation with hearing aids do not take the individuals’ cognitive abilities into account. Listening in effortful conditions has been related to working memory capacity. The complex relationship between working memory and language understanding can be understood in terms of the working memory model for Ease of Language Understanding (ELU) [Ronnberg et al., Int J Audiol 47, S99-S105 (2008)]. The ELU model predicts that in challenging listening conditions, high explicit processing capacity is associated with better language understanding. In this study, we investigate the cognitive spare capacity, that is, residual cognitive capacity after successful listening has been achieved, and its relationship to working memory capacity. We achieve this by administering a battery of cognitive tests for assessing working memory capacity, including reading span, lexical access, phonological and inference- making tasks and ...

Research paper thumbnail of Age-related sensory and cognitive decline make it harder to remember speech in noise across serial positions

Age-related sensory and cognitive decline make it harder to remember speech in noise across seria... more Age-related sensory and cognitive decline make it harder to remember speech in noise across serial positions

Research paper thumbnail of Exploring Cognitive Spare Capacity

carried out within broad problem areas. Research is organized in interdisciplinary research envir... more carried out within broad problem areas. Research is organized in interdisciplinary research environments and doctoral studies mainly in graduate schools. Jointly, they publish the series

Research paper thumbnail of Sick and tired of listening

Research paper thumbnail of Aided speech understanding and cognitive spare capacity

Research paper thumbnail of Seeing the Talker's Face Improves Free Recall of Speech for Young Adults With Normal Hearing but Not Older Adults With Hearing Loss

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Age-related individual differences in working memory capacity and executive ability influence cognitive spare capacity

Research paper thumbnail of Cognitive spare capacity test : Some preliminary findings

Research paper thumbnail of Sick and tired of listening

Research paper thumbnail of Cognitive spare capacity test: Preliminary findings

Research paper thumbnail of Speech understanding and cognitive spare capacity

Research paper thumbnail of Adverse listening conditions disrupt executive processing of speech more for older adults with hearing impairment than for younger adults with normal hearing

Research paper thumbnail of Visual Information Can Hinder Working Memory Processing of Speech

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research Jslhr, Jun 19, 2013

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the new Cognitive Spare Capacity Test (... more Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the new Cognitive Spare Capacity Test (CSCT), which measures aspects of working memory capacity for heard speech in the audiovisual and auditory-only modalities of presentation. Method: In Experiment 1, 20 young adults with normal hearing performed the CSCT and an independent battery of cognitive tests. In the CSCT, they listened to and recalled 2-digit numbers according to instructions inducing executive processing at 2 different memory loads. In Experiment 2, 10 participants performed a less executively demanding free recall task using the same stimuli. Results: CSCT performance demonstrated an effect of memory load and was associated with independent measures of executive function and inference making but not with general working memory capacity. Audiovisual presentation was associated with lower CSCT scores but higher free recall performance scores. Conclusions: CSCT is an executively challenging test of the ability to process heard speech. It captures cognitive aspects of listening related to sentence comprehension that are quantitatively and qualitatively different from working memory capacity. Visual information provided in the audiovisual modality of presentation can hinder executive processing in working memory of nondegraded speech material.

Research paper thumbnail of Theory-of-mind in individuals with Alström syndrome is related to executive functions, and verbal ability

Frontiers in Psychology, 2015

This study focuses on cognitive prerequisites for the development of theory-of-mind (ToM), the ab... more This study focuses on cognitive prerequisites for the development of theory-of-mind (ToM), the ability to impute mental states to self and others in young adults with Alström syndrome (AS). AS is a rare and quite recently described recessively inherited ciliopathic disorder which causes progressive sensorineural hearing loss and juvenile blindness, as well as many other organ dysfunctions. Two cognitive abilities were considered; Phonological working memory (WM) and executive functions (EF), both of importance in speech development. Ten individuals (18-37 years) diagnosed with AS, and 20 individuals with no known impairment matched for age, gender, and educational level participated. Sensory functions were measured. Information about motor functions and communicative skills was obtained from responses to a questionnaire. ToM was assessed using Happés strange stories, verbal ability by a vocabulary test, phonological WM by means of an auditory presented non-word serial recall task and EF by tests of updating and inhibition. The AS group performed at a significantly lower level than the control group in both the ToM task and the EF tasks. A significant correlation was observed between recall of non-words and EF in the AS group. Updating, but not inhibition, correlated significantly with verbal ability, whereas both updating and inhibition were significantly related to the ability to initiate and sustain communication. Poorer performance in the ToM and EF tasks were related to language perseverance and motor mannerisms. The AS group displayed a delayed ToM as well as reduced phonological WM, EF, and verbal ability. A significant association between ToM and EF, suggests a compensatory role of EF. This association may reflect the importance of EF to perceive and process input from the social environment when the social interaction is challenged by dual sensory loss. We argue that limitations in EF capacity in individuals with AS, to some extent, may be related to early blindness and progressive hearing loss, but maybe also to gene specific abnormalities.