Suvarna Lele - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Suvarna Lele
Trust‐Based Communication Systems for Internet of Things Applications
Abstract: A shortage of decent, affordable housing among the poor sectors of society is a crucial... more Abstract:
A shortage of decent, affordable housing among the poor sectors of society is a crucial problem globally. Many government leaders and policy planners are unable to seek a proper answer to this issue. Recent disasters have further emphasized the urgency of finding appropriate solutions to this problem in a massive and systematic manner.
The New National Housing and Habitat Policy (NHHP) was formulated in 1998 with an objective of ‘Housing for All’ setting a target of 2 million houses every year with emphasis on houses for the poor and deprived. It aimed at the creation of surpluses in housing stock, either on rental or ownership basis by providing quality and cost-effective shelter options, especially to the vulnerable groups and the poor. Policy ensured that housing, along with the supporting services, is treated as a priority and at par with the infrastructure sector.
The execution of the Housing projects of such a mega scale includes activities such as establishing priorities, preparing plans, taking decisions, implementing plans and providing financing. Community participation in the execution of these housing projects implies the voluntary and democratic involvement in carrying out these project activities. These mega projects require the total involvement of the participants for its success.
Community participation is a meant to achieve better housing conditions for the community. People themselves know best regarding their necessities hence only close cooperation between authorities and community can result in projects which satisfy both the elements. The objective of community participation is project effectiveness.
Participation in housing is a learning process whereby the urban poor become aware of their situation, build up self-confidence and understand their power and derive a certain solution. Development of self-confidence, pride, initiative, responsibility and cooperation is essential part of Human Growth which can be achieved through Public Participation. This process by which people learn to take charge of their own lives and solve their own problems is essence of development. Every situation being unique, special strategies need to be applying everywhere. Because each situation is different effective, efficient and equitable stakeholder’s engagement depends upon rightly selecting the precise combination of approaches and techniques for particular process. India, being a multicultural Developing country no single solution is applicable for selection of strategies. Various permutations and combinations need to be tried.
Taking into consideration the Housing and its environment people can also decide their level of participation in the project in terms of labour and money, and what they expect to receive for their contribution. Their involvement does not stop at the stage of Housing but continues in the maintenance and management of their neighborhood, its infrastructure and services. The significant element of community participation is its involvement in decisions directly affecting the living conditions of the concerned people. This implies the sharing of power between the authorities and the community.
Community participation should also influence all levels of Government in the decision making process to further the political, social and economic growth of Human settlements. This relates especially to low income and Cost Effective Housing projects denoting squatter settlement upgrading with site and service schemes. Participation assumes an activity in which the community takes part along with involvement of at least one other party, usually a government agency or a nongovernmental organization (NGO). Community participation indicates the self-reliance of the society where people undertake the activities usually dealt by Government or NGOs.
The United Nations defined community development as "the processes by which the efforts of the people themselves are united with those of governmental authorities to improve the economic, social and cultural conditions of communities, to integrate these communities into the life of the nation and to enable them to contribute fully to national progress."
Construction industry in India is experiencing a big boom . As per a Central Statistical Organisa... more Construction industry in India is experiencing a big boom . As per a Central Statistical Organisation (CSO) estimate, the Housing Sector contributed 4.5% to India's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2003-04 at current prices. The contribution of housing in urban areas to the GDP in 2003-04 was 3.13%. Further, the spotlight is focused on the fact that 16% of the Indian work force is engaged in construction and transport Sectors. It is estimated that overall employment generation in the economy on account of additional investment in the Construction/Housing Sectors is eight times the direct employment (IIM Ahmedabad : 2005). In view of the substantial use of cement, steel, marble/ceramic tiles, electrical wiring, PVC pipes and various types of fittings; construction activity has a multiplier effect on industrial demand for these items. Especially in Mumbai over the last two years, literally thousands of new mid and high rise construction has taken place with towers getting higher and higher. The heights of buildings are rising in response to the increase in FSI's which are easily 50 floors and onwards. In the next two years, CBD development in Mumbai's former mill lands and Dharavi will see a huge number of skyscraper and, due to FSI being at 8, very possibly super tall construction. The mill lands as well as the slum areas being redeveloped due to Slum Redevelopment Program the number of this super tall structure would increase. The Government is proposing modification of state enactments and city level master plans for upward revision of FAR/FSI to accommodate land allocation for LIGs. Tremendous economics is involved in the process of the mass housing schemes. An overview is needed to be taken to reduce the construction costs and make these constructions affordable which can be done on several levels .The review areas include economising construction materials costs, proper usage of technologies-conventional and alternate and project management. Several Developers are adapting these methods to reduce the construction costs of their projects.
Trust‐Based Communication Systems for Internet of Things Applications
Abstract: A shortage of decent, affordable housing among the poor sectors of society is a crucial... more Abstract:
A shortage of decent, affordable housing among the poor sectors of society is a crucial problem globally. Many government leaders and policy planners are unable to seek a proper answer to this issue. Recent disasters have further emphasized the urgency of finding appropriate solutions to this problem in a massive and systematic manner.
The New National Housing and Habitat Policy (NHHP) was formulated in 1998 with an objective of ‘Housing for All’ setting a target of 2 million houses every year with emphasis on houses for the poor and deprived. It aimed at the creation of surpluses in housing stock, either on rental or ownership basis by providing quality and cost-effective shelter options, especially to the vulnerable groups and the poor. Policy ensured that housing, along with the supporting services, is treated as a priority and at par with the infrastructure sector.
The execution of the Housing projects of such a mega scale includes activities such as establishing priorities, preparing plans, taking decisions, implementing plans and providing financing. Community participation in the execution of these housing projects implies the voluntary and democratic involvement in carrying out these project activities. These mega projects require the total involvement of the participants for its success.
Community participation is a meant to achieve better housing conditions for the community. People themselves know best regarding their necessities hence only close cooperation between authorities and community can result in projects which satisfy both the elements. The objective of community participation is project effectiveness.
Participation in housing is a learning process whereby the urban poor become aware of their situation, build up self-confidence and understand their power and derive a certain solution. Development of self-confidence, pride, initiative, responsibility and cooperation is essential part of Human Growth which can be achieved through Public Participation. This process by which people learn to take charge of their own lives and solve their own problems is essence of development. Every situation being unique, special strategies need to be applying everywhere. Because each situation is different effective, efficient and equitable stakeholder’s engagement depends upon rightly selecting the precise combination of approaches and techniques for particular process. India, being a multicultural Developing country no single solution is applicable for selection of strategies. Various permutations and combinations need to be tried.
Taking into consideration the Housing and its environment people can also decide their level of participation in the project in terms of labour and money, and what they expect to receive for their contribution. Their involvement does not stop at the stage of Housing but continues in the maintenance and management of their neighborhood, its infrastructure and services. The significant element of community participation is its involvement in decisions directly affecting the living conditions of the concerned people. This implies the sharing of power between the authorities and the community.
Community participation should also influence all levels of Government in the decision making process to further the political, social and economic growth of Human settlements. This relates especially to low income and Cost Effective Housing projects denoting squatter settlement upgrading with site and service schemes. Participation assumes an activity in which the community takes part along with involvement of at least one other party, usually a government agency or a nongovernmental organization (NGO). Community participation indicates the self-reliance of the society where people undertake the activities usually dealt by Government or NGOs.
The United Nations defined community development as "the processes by which the efforts of the people themselves are united with those of governmental authorities to improve the economic, social and cultural conditions of communities, to integrate these communities into the life of the nation and to enable them to contribute fully to national progress."
Construction industry in India is experiencing a big boom . As per a Central Statistical Organisa... more Construction industry in India is experiencing a big boom . As per a Central Statistical Organisation (CSO) estimate, the Housing Sector contributed 4.5% to India's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2003-04 at current prices. The contribution of housing in urban areas to the GDP in 2003-04 was 3.13%. Further, the spotlight is focused on the fact that 16% of the Indian work force is engaged in construction and transport Sectors. It is estimated that overall employment generation in the economy on account of additional investment in the Construction/Housing Sectors is eight times the direct employment (IIM Ahmedabad : 2005). In view of the substantial use of cement, steel, marble/ceramic tiles, electrical wiring, PVC pipes and various types of fittings; construction activity has a multiplier effect on industrial demand for these items. Especially in Mumbai over the last two years, literally thousands of new mid and high rise construction has taken place with towers getting higher and higher. The heights of buildings are rising in response to the increase in FSI's which are easily 50 floors and onwards. In the next two years, CBD development in Mumbai's former mill lands and Dharavi will see a huge number of skyscraper and, due to FSI being at 8, very possibly super tall construction. The mill lands as well as the slum areas being redeveloped due to Slum Redevelopment Program the number of this super tall structure would increase. The Government is proposing modification of state enactments and city level master plans for upward revision of FAR/FSI to accommodate land allocation for LIGs. Tremendous economics is involved in the process of the mass housing schemes. An overview is needed to be taken to reduce the construction costs and make these constructions affordable which can be done on several levels .The review areas include economising construction materials costs, proper usage of technologies-conventional and alternate and project management. Several Developers are adapting these methods to reduce the construction costs of their projects.