Su-yan Barrow - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Su-yan Barrow

American Journal of Public Health Research, 2021

The novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic of great public health and clinical c... more The novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic of great public health and clinical concern due to its high rate of infectivity, and subsequent morbidity and mortality. The objectives of the study were to 1) assess individual experiences with testing and symptoms of COVID-19 infection; 2) determine the extent to which individuals experienced COVID-19 post-exposure symptoms; and 3) determine if an association exists between pre-existing conditions and severity of COVID-19 symptoms with post-exposure symptoms. One hundred and twenty-one (N= 121) New York State residents who had COVID-19 symptoms and were tested positive for the virus participated in this study. The survey was created in Qualtrics, and the link was posted online (Facebook, Twitter, Snap Chat), and sent to New Yorkers via email and WhatsApp to gather data. Data were exported from Excel spreadsheet to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 25, where Chi-Square tests were conducted. Results indicated that most of the participants were between ages 18-35 (54.5%), African Americans (50.4%), non- Hispanic (65%), female (69.4%), had less than a college degree (51%), and made an income in 2019 of less than $55,000 per year (62%). Eighty-seven (approximately 73%) of the participants reported that getting access to testing was easy/very easy. More than one-half reported that they experienced fatigue (66.9%), lack of energy (61.2%), headache (57.9%), muscle ache (53.7%), cough (50.4%), and loss of smell (50.4%) while infected with COVID-19. Participants who experienced symptoms described their most bothersome symptom as severe (37%), followed by mild (33%), and moderate (27%). There was a statistically significant relationship between severity of symptoms and post-exposure problems experienced by participants (X2 = 13.69; df = 2; p = .001); as well as between pre-existing conditions and post-exposure problems experienced by participants (X2 = 10.53; df = 1; p = .001). Information from this study could benefit public health practitioners and clinicians by improving their knowledge about COVID-19 and its impacts on survivors.

International Journal of Evidence-Based Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 2016

International Journal of Evidence-Based Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 2015

Background. Hypothyroidism and undetected subclinical hypothyroidism are associated with a number... more Background. Hypothyroidism and undetected subclinical hypothyroidism are associated with a number of health problems. While thyroid dysfunction is a common endocrine disorder, there are few population studies that examine the association of this disease with fluoride intake. 1 This study examines the association between levels of fluoride in drinking water and practice-level hypothyroidism prevalence. Clinical question. Is there an association between systemic fluoride intake and hypothyroidism? Methods used in the study. The authors conducted a population-level investigation using a cross-sectional study design with secondary data to assess the relationship between fluoride levels in drinking water and prevalence of hypothyroidism in the general population. They developed binary logistic regression models of predictive factors for hypothyroidism prevalence at the practice level using 2012 data on fluoride levels in drinking water, the 2012-2013 Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF), 2 diagnosed hypothyroidism prevalence data, 2013 general practitioner registered patient numbers, and

European Journal of Dental Education, 2017

This study aimed to analyse and evaluate the extent of transcultural content in the current curri... more This study aimed to analyse and evaluate the extent of transcultural content in the current curricula of the Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS), Bachelor of Oral Health (BOH) and Master of Nursing Science (MNSc) courses at the University of Melbourne. Methods: The study was conducted in two phases: a quantitative review and assess-How to cite this article: Mariño RJ, Ghanim A, Barrow SL, Morgan MV. Cultural competence skills in a dental curriculum:

International Journal of Dental Hygiene, 2005

To assess demographics, job characteristics, geographical regions, resources and commitment, whic... more To assess demographics, job characteristics, geographical regions, resources and commitment, which influence dental hygienists seeking international clinical practice employment opportunities. Questionnaires were mailed to a convenience sample of members of the Dental Hygienists' Association of the City of New York. Statistical analyses were conducted and frequency distributions and relationships between variables were calculated. Seventy-two percent of respondents reported that they are or may be interested in working overseas. Italy and Spain (67%) were the regions of most interest. Salary (65%) was cited as the most influencing factor in selection, whereas non-compliance with the equivalency to Occupational Safety and Health Administration standards (74%) was the most frequently perceived barrier. Multiple language fluency was statistically significant (0.003) regarding interest in overseas employment. Policy makers, employers and educators need to be aware of these findings should recruitment be a possibility to render urgently needed oral hygiene care in regions where there is a perceived shortage of dental hygienists.

Australian Dental Journal, 2016

Background: Despite the prevalence of periodontitis in Australia, there are few reports regarding... more Background: Despite the prevalence of periodontitis in Australia, there are few reports regarding periodontal diagnosis and therapies in the general dental practice setting. This study aimed to assess the degree of diagnostic accuracy in periodontal cases of Victorian general dental practitioners. Methods: Following ethics approval, dentists were invited to complete a scenario-based questionnaire on the Australian Dental Association Victorian Branch (ADAVB) website. Five text-based clinical scenarios (from a total of 10) were randomly presented, representing patients with a range of disease levels from periodontal health/gingivitis to severe periodontitis, and respondents were asked what examinations they would usually perform. Based upon the presented results of periodontal and radiographic examinations, a periodontal diagnosis was requested. Results: One hundred and thirty-five dentists attempted the survey. Most were in group practice and based in Melbourne; 22.5% of respondents worked in a practice employing a hygienist. The clinical parameters most commonly measured to diagnose periodontal disease were pocket depth and mobility. The majority of respondents diagnosed health, gingivitis and mild periodontitis correctly compared to American Academy of Periodontology guidelines. However, moderate periodontitis tended to be diagnosed as severe. Conclusions: Dentists in Victoria used appropriate clinical parameters when assessing periodontal disease and were generally accurate in their diagnoses. There is a need for consensus regarding diagnostic definitions.

Objective: This pilot study was conducted to test the impact on the caries-risk status of impleme... more Objective: This pilot study was conducted to test the impact on the caries-risk status of implementing a Minimal Intervention Dentistry protocol to a group of adolescent public dental patients (13-18 years) at high risk to dental caries. Method: 112 adolescents were recruited through a community dental clinic. Following baseline examinations the participants were randomized to either the Control group (n=56) or Intervention group (n=56). Semi-structured interviews were conducted at baseline, 6- and 12-month visits to obtain information on participants’ dietary and oral health behaviors. For Intervention group +participants, this information was used during the motivational interviews at their 3- and 6-month visits to ascertain what behaviors they were willing to change to improve their oral health status. Agreed changes were documented on an MI Agreement Form, which was then used in the discussion at later visits of whether the agreed self-management behavioral changes had been achi...

Objective: To test whether allocating Continuous Professional Development (CPD) points increases ... more Objective: To test whether allocating Continuous Professional Development (CPD) points increases the number of adolescents screened by clinicians to a clinical trial known as “ACE MID” (Assessing Cost Effectiveness of Implementing a Minimal Intervention Dentistry approach for adolescent public patients at high risk to dental caries). Method: Participant recruitment to ACE MID is a two stage process involving community dental clinicians (CDCs) and researchers. Clinicians working at 12 participating clinics are responsible for screening their patients’ suitability to join the study, using an electronic screening tool. Research staff then telephone suitable adolescents to undertake the consent process. Each clinic is required to recruit 42 adolescents. A confounding factor in recruiting participants to this study is that the first screening stage of the recruitment process is undertaken by a third party, the CDC. To address this factor, research staff initially developed a training Pow...

International Journal of Dental Hygiene, 2008

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 2012

Early childhood caries (ECC) describes dental caries affecting children aged 0-71 months. Current... more Early childhood caries (ECC) describes dental caries affecting children aged 0-71 months. Current research suggests ECC has important aetiological bases during the first year of life. Gaps in knowledge about disease progression prevent the effective and early identification of &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;at risk&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; children. To conduct a systematic review of research studies focusing on (a) acquisition and colonization of oral bacteria and ECC and (b) risk and/or protective factors in infants aged 0-12 months. Ovid Medline and Embase databases (1996-2011) were searched for RCT, longitudinal, cross-sectional and qualitative studies. Two investigators undertook a quality assessment for risk of bias. Inclusion criteria were met for (a) by four papers and for (b) by 13 papers; five papers were rated medium or high quality. Bacterial acquisition/colonization and modifying factor interrelationships were identified, but their role in the caries process was not clarified. Key risk indicators were infant feeding practices (nine papers), maternal circumstances and oral health (6) and infant-related oral health behaviours (4). This review confirmed that factors occurring during the first year of life affect ECC experience. Despite heterogeneity, findings indicated maternal factors influence bacterial acquisition, whereas colonization was mediated by oral health behaviours and practices and feeding habits.

Dental Clinics of North America, 2003

Since 1990, the Hispanic population in the United States has increased nearly 60%. Data from the ... more Since 1990, the Hispanic population in the United States has increased nearly 60%. Data from the United States Census 2000 [1] indicates that the total population of Hispanics numbered 35.2 million. This group is now the country's largest minority group, and its growth has implications for many

European Journal of Dental Education, 2014

This article describes the sociodemographic profile and factors affecting career decisions of Bac... more This article describes the sociodemographic profile and factors affecting career decisions of Bachelor of Oral Health (BOH) students in Australia and New Zealand. Data were collected during the 2009 and 2011 academic years via online. A total of 271 students participated. The majority were female (87.8%), single (74.5%) and of Anglo-Saxon background (59.4%), and the average age was 23.7 years. The majority indicated that their fathers had at least secondary school education. The majority (52.8%) decided to study BOH after high school, and of those who commence after high school, 53.7% worked as a dental assistant/auxiliary. Career selection was self-motivated (70.2%) and a career to &amp;#39;care for and help other people&amp;#39; (59.6%). Most respondents wished to work in a city (59.8%), in both the public and the private sectors (47.2%). This study represents a comprehensive assessment of BOH student profile in Australia and New Zealand. Findings indicate an overall different BOH student profile compared with other oral health profession students in Australia. A significant proportion had previous employment as a dental auxiliary staff and an increasing number of male students. Findings are relevant to educators, recruitment administrators and policy makers in the way the BOH profession is presented as a career option.

European Journal of Dental Education, 2010

Australia has the highest proportion of immigrants in the world (24% of the population is oversea... more Australia has the highest proportion of immigrants in the world (24% of the population is overseas-born, compared to 22% in New Zealand, 19% in Canada and 12% in the USA). In this context, dental students have become increasingly diverse in a milieu where patients are derived from increasingly diverse backgrounds. The study aims to analyse the degree to which transcultural and communication skills content is currently embedded in the medical, physiotherapy and dental curricula at a major Australian university. Undergraduate dental, medical and physiotherapy curricula were compared and critically assessed. Researchers considered the amount of transcultural and communication skills content, the number of formal contact hours for each course and the number of teaching staff involved. In addition, 21 interviews were conducted with staff at the three schools, who were involved in the curriculum development process. The medical and physiotherapy curricula had an explicit focus on transcultural and communication skills as a major and continuing element, delivered by teaching staff from a wide variety of academic and professional backgrounds. In contrast, the dental course showed an under-representation of transcultural and communication skills content which was taught by a limited number of staff from the School of Dental Science. In marked contrast to medical and physiotherapy curricula, transcultural and communication skills content had a low formal profile in the dental curriculum. A curriculum review process may be a positive step towards the development of a new training curriculum giving higher priority to transcultural and communication skills to support more effective workforce development.

Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 2008

The aim of this preliminary study was to compare the perception of oral health among subgroups of... more The aim of this preliminary study was to compare the perception of oral health among subgroups of Asian-American residents of New York City, USA. A close-ended questionnaire was administered to 255 Chinese, 134 Indian and 84 Pakistani adults, aged 18-65 years, during 1994-95. A comprehensive dental and oral examination was also performed. The associations of demographic and oral health variables with perceived oral health were evaluated using multivariate ordinal regression models. When data were analyzed in a multivariate context, only ethnicity and income were significant predictors of perceived oral health, after adjusting for DMFT. The within-group multivariate analysis of the three ethnic subgroups&amp;#39; results were as follows: Among the Chinese there were no significant predictors, only income was strongly suggestive; among the Indians, number of missing teeth and number of years in the USA were significant predictors; and within the Pakistani group, DMFT was the only significant predictor. Results suggest that there are ethnic differences in the perception of oral health status even after adjusting for clinical variables as well as for demographic variables in this particular group of Asian-American residents of New York City. Predictors associated with the perception of oral health are different for each ethnic group. When designing oral health promotion activities to diverse ethnic groups, the cultural characteristics of each subgroup should be considered.

International Journal of Medical Informatics, 2016

Objective: This study reports on the impact evaluation of a Web-based oral health promotion progr... more Objective: This study reports on the impact evaluation of a Web-based oral health promotion programme aimed at improving the oral health knowledge, attitudes, practices and self-efficacy of independent-living older adults from Melbourne, Australia. Methods: With ethics approval from the University of Melbourne, a convenience sample of volunteers 55 years or older was invited to participate in a study to test a web-based oral health promotion program. Consenting volunteers were asked to undergo a structured interview as part of the pre-intervention data collection. The intervention was based on the ORHIS (Oral Health Information Seminars/Sheets) Model and involved computer interaction with six oral health presentations, with no direct oral health professional input. A one group pre-test-post-test quasi-experimental design was chosen to evaluate the intervention. A series of paired t-tests were used to compare pre-test with post-test results. Results: Forty-seven active, independent-living older adults participated in this evaluation. After the intervention participants responded with higher levels of achievement than before participating in this Web-based oral health program. Participants showed significant improvements in oral health attitudes (4.10 vs. 4.94; p < 0.01), knowledge (18.37 vs. 23.83; p < 0.0001), and self-efficacy (84.37 vs.89.23; p < 0.01), as well as, self-reported oral hygiene practices (i.e., frequency of use of dental floss) (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The e-ORHIS approach was successful in improving oral health knowledge, attitudes and selfefficacy. As such, it represents a helpful approach for the design of (oral) health interventions in older adults. Further evaluation with a larger sample is required to test the long-term impact including the economic evaluation of the e-ORHIS approach.