Suzanne Schneider - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Suzanne Schneider

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of Aging on the Heat Shock Response and Autophagy in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

The Faseb Journal, Apr 1, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of WISE 2005: Aerobic and resistive countermeasures prevent paraspinal muscle deconditioning during 60-days bed rest in women

Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), Jan 18, 2016

Microgravity-induced lumbar paraspinal muscle deconditioning may contribute to back pain commonly... more Microgravity-induced lumbar paraspinal muscle deconditioning may contribute to back pain commonly experienced by astronauts, and may increase the risk of postflight injury. We hypothesized that a combined resistance and aerobic exercise countermeasure protocol that included spinal loading would mitigate lumbar paraspinal muscle deconditioning during 60-days of bed rest in women. Sixteen women underwent 60-day, 6° head-down-tilt bed rest and were randomized into control and exercise groups. During bed rest, the control group performed no exercise. The exercise group performed supine treadmill exercise within lower body negative pressure (LBNP) for 3-4 d/wk and flywheel resistive exercise for 2-3 d/wk. Paraspinal muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) was measured using a lumbar spine MRI sequence before and after bed rest (BR). In addition, isokinetic spinal flexion and extension strengths were measured before and after BR. Data are presented as mean ± SD. Total lumbar paraspinal muscle C...

Research paper thumbnail of WISE-2005: Heart rate after supine treadmill exercise affects orthostatic tolerance during resting lower body negative pressure

The Faseb Journal, Mar 1, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of Mind-body practices for posttraumatic stress disorder

Journal of Investigative Medicine the Official Publication of the American Federation For Clinical Research, Apr 19, 2013

BACKGROUND: Mind-body practices are increasingly used to provide stress reduction for posttraumat... more BACKGROUND: Mind-body practices are increasingly used to provide stress reduction for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Mind-body practice encompasses activities with the intent to use the mind to impact physical functioning and improve health.METHODS: This is a literature review using PubMed, PsycINFO, and Published International Literature on Traumatic Stress to identify the effects of mind-body intervention modalities, such as yoga, tai chi, qigong, mindfulness-based stress reduction, meditation, and deep breathing, as interventions for PTSD.RESULTS: The literature search identified 92 articles, only 16 of which were suitable for inclusion in this review. We reviewed only original, full text articles that met the inclusion criteria. Most of the studies have small sample size, but findings from the 16 publications reviewed here suggest that mind-body practices are associated with positive impacts on PTSD symptoms. Mind-body practices incorporate numerous therapeutic effects on stress responses, including reductions in anxiety, depression, and anger, and increases in pain tolerance, self-esteem, energy levels, ability to relax, and ability to cope with stressful situations. In general, mind-body practices were found to be a viable intervention to improve the constellation of PTSD symptoms such as intrusive memories, avoidance, and increased emotional arousal.CONCLUSIONS: Mind-body practices are increasingly used in the treatment of PTSD and are associated with positive impacts on stress-induced illnesses such as depression and PTSD in most existing studies. Knowledge about the diverse modalities of mind-body practices may provide clinicians and patients with the opportunity to explore an individualized and effective treatment plan enhanced by mind-body interventions as part of ongoing self-care.

Research paper thumbnail of PTSD Symptom Reduction With Mindfulness-Based Stretching and Deep Breathing Exercise: Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial of Efficacy

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, May 29, 2013

Context: Abnormal cortisol levels are a key pathophysiological indicator of post-traumatic stress... more Context: Abnormal cortisol levels are a key pathophysiological indicator of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Endogenous normalization of cortisol concentration through exercise may be associated with PTSD symptom reduction.

Research paper thumbnail of WISE-2005: The relation between standing balance and orthostatic tolerance in women

The Faseb Journal, Mar 1, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of A review of sex differences in immune function after aerobic exercise

Exercise immunology review

When menstrual phase and oral contraceptives are controlled for, males and females display marked... more When menstrual phase and oral contraceptives are controlled for, males and females display marked differences in immune response to an exercise stress. In highly controlled research studies, sex differences in immune cell changes, cytokine alterations, along with morbidity and mortality after inoculation are apparent. Exercise has been hypothesized to serve as a model of various clinical stresses by inducing similar hormonal and immunological alterations. Thus, a greater understanding of sex differences in post exercise non-specific immune function may provide insight into more effective clinical approaches and treatments. This paper reviews the recent evidence supporting sex differences in post exercise immune response and highlights the need for greater control when comparing the post exercise immune response between sexes.

Research paper thumbnail of A review of sex differences in immune function after aerobic exercise

Exercise immunology review, 2011

When menstrual phase and oral contraceptives are controlled for, males and females display marked... more When menstrual phase and oral contraceptives are controlled for, males and females display marked differences in immune response to an exercise stress. In highly controlled research studies, sex differences in immune cell changes, cytokine alterations, along with morbidity and mortality after inoculation are apparent. Exercise has been hypothesized to serve as a model of various clinical stresses by inducing similar hormonal and immunological alterations. Thus, a greater understanding of sex differences in post exercise non-specific immune function may provide insight into more effective clinical approaches and treatments. This paper reviews the recent evidence supporting sex differences in post exercise immune response and highlights the need for greater control when comparing the post exercise immune response between sexes.

Research paper thumbnail of Sex Differences in Heat Shock Protein 72 Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Acute Exercise in the Heat

International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2012

Background: Heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) is responsible for maintaining critical cellular functi... more Background: Heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) is responsible for maintaining critical cellular function during heat stress. Hsp72 confers thermotolerance and may play a role in heat acclimation. Animal research suggests a difference between sexes in Hsp72 expression in response to exercise, however, human data is lacking. Objectives: To determine sex differences in intracellular heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) following exercise in the heat. Patients and Methods: Nine non-heat acclimated women with normal menstrual cycles (VO2pk 58 ± 5 mL•kgFFM -1 •min -1 ) and nine nonheat acclimated men (VO2pk 60 ± 7 ml•kgFFM -1 •min -1 ) completed 2 treadmill bouts at 60% VO2pk for 60 min in a 42°C, 20% RH environment. Women were tested in follicular (fol) and luteal (lut) phases. The duplicate trials were separated by 12 days for men and women. Blood samples were drawn pre, immediately post, 1, and 4 hrs post-exercise. Results: Men and women differed in their Hsp72 response after exercise (time X sex X trial interaction; P < 0.05). Men increased Hsp72 after exercise more than women. Both men and women produced less Hsp72 during trial 2 compared to trial 1. Estrogen (r = 0.24; P > 0.05) and progesterone (r = 0.27, P > 0.05) concentrations were not correlated with Hsp72. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that men and women differ in their cellular stress response. Men up-regulated Hsp72 after a single bout of exercise in the heat, which persists for 12 days, suggesting an accumulation of Hsp72 which may lead to acquired cellular thermotolerance.

Research paper thumbnail of Impaired orthostatic response in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after 48 hours of bed rest

Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, 2009

To compare the effect of bed rest on orthostatic responses of patients with type 2 diabetes melli... more To compare the effect of bed rest on orthostatic responses of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and nondiabetic control subjects. Six patients with type 2 diabetes and 6 non-diabetic control subjects underwent 48 hours of bed rest and 48 hours of ambulatory activity in randomized order. A 10-minute tilt test was conducted before and after each period of hospitalization, and cardiovascular responses to 80 degrees head-up tilt were analyzed with use of a 2-factorial (study group and bed rest condition) analysis of variance design. We hypothesized that patients with diabetes would experience more severe changes in orthostatic response after bed rest. No significant differences in orthostatic responses were observed before bed rest between control subjects and patients with diabetes. After bed rest, control subjects had a greater (P = .01) increase in heart rate during tilt in comparison with before bed rest (before versus after bed rest, 9 +/- 4 versus 24 +/- 7 beats/min) and main...

Research paper thumbnail of The gravity of LBNP exercise: preliminary lessons learned from identical twins in bed for 30 days

Journal of gravitational physiology : a journal of the International Society for Gravitational Physiology, 2002

... Hughson, Kevin Shoemaker, Scott M. Smith, Gregory C. Steinbach, Kunihiko Tanaka, Yasuaki Kawa... more ... Hughson, Kevin Shoemaker, Scott M. Smith, Gregory C. Steinbach, Kunihiko Tanaka, Yasuaki Kawai, Maneesh Bawa, Shinji Kimura, Brandon Macias, Wanda ... LeBlanc A, Lin C, Rowe R, Belichenko 0, Sinitsyn V, Shenkman B, Oganov V, Shackelford L, Feeback D. Muscle Loss ...

Research paper thumbnail of The effects of acute oral glutamine supplementation on exercise-induced gastrointestinal permeability and heat shock protein expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Cell Stress and Chaperones, 2014

Chronic glutamine supplementation reduces exercise-induced intestinal permeability and inhibits t... more Chronic glutamine supplementation reduces exercise-induced intestinal permeability and inhibits the NF-κB pro-inflammatory pathway in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. These effects were correlated with activation of HSP70. The purpose of this paper is to test if an acute dose of oral glutamine prior to exercise reduces intestinal permeability along with activation of the heat shock response leading to inhibition of pro-inflammatory markers. Physically active subjects (N=7) completed baseline and exercise intestinal permeability tests, determined by the percent ratio of urinary lactulose (5 g) to rhamnose (2 g). Exercise included two 60-min treadmill runs at 70 % of VO 2 max at 30°C after ingestion of glutamine (Gln) or placebo (Pla). Plasma levels of endotoxin and TNF-α, along with peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) protein expression of HSP70 and IκBα, were measured pre-and post-exercise and 2 and 4 h postexercise. Permeability increased in the Pla trial compared to that at rest (0.06±0.01 vs. 0.02±0.018) and did not increase in the Gln trial. Plasma endotoxin was lower at the 4-h time point in the Gln vs. 4 h in the Pla (6.715±0.046 pg/ml vs. 7.952±

Research paper thumbnail of Genome and Hormones: Gender Differences in Physiology Invited Review: Gender issues related to spaceflight: a NASA perspective

This minireview provides an overview of known and potential gender differences in physiological r... more This minireview provides an overview of known and potential gender differences in physiological responses to spaceflight. The paper covers cardiovascular and exercise physiology, barophysiology and decompression sickness, renal stone risk, immunology, neurovestibular and sensorimotor function, nutrition, pharmacotherapeutics, and reproduction. Potential health and functional impacts associated with the various physiological changes during spaceflight are discussed, and areas needing additional research are highlighted. Historically, studies of physiological responses to microgravity have not been aimed at examining gender-specific differences in the astronaut population. Insufficient data exist in most of the discipline areas at this time to draw valid conclusions about genderspecific differences in astronauts, in part due to the small ratio of women to men. The only astronaut health issue for which a large enough data set exists to allow valid conclusions to be drawn about gender differences is orthostatic intolerance following shuttle missions, in which women have a significantly higher incidence of presyncope during stand tests than do men. The most common observation across disciplines is that individual differences in physiological responses within genders are usually as large as, or larger than, differences between genders. Individual characteristics usually outweigh gender differences per se. physiological responses; health issues THIS MINIREVIEW PROVIDES a summary of gender-specific physiological changes and health issues in astronauts. It is derived from a special task-force report prepared by discipline experts to aid management in policy decisions and selection of research needed to understand gender differences in responses to spaceflight. Histor-ically, investigations of physiological responses to microgravity have not been aimed at examining genderspecific differences in the astronaut population. Many of the discipline experts, however, identified one or more potential gender-specific physiological differences.

Research paper thumbnail of Heat Shock Protein 72 Response to Exercise in Humans

Sports Medicine, 2008

Heat shock protein (Hsp) 72 is a unique, ubiquitous molecule. In vitro and in vivo animal models ... more Heat shock protein (Hsp) 72 is a unique, ubiquitous molecule. In vitro and in vivo animal models have shown that increased Hsp 72 is associated with improved cellular survivability and tolerance to stressors. The primary focus of this article is to review the Hsp 72 protein response to exercise in humans. Various mechanisms regulate post-transcriptional activity and therefore measurement of messenger RNA (mRNA) does not necessarily represent the level of functional Hsp 72. For this reason, this article incorporates only a few studies that assessed Hsp 72 mRNA response to exercise. Although this article focuses on human studies, it also includes some key animal studies to provide insight into the mechanisms of the response of Hsp 72 to stress.Intra- (IC) and extracellular (EC) Hsp 72 have different functions. IC Hsp 72 confers cellular protection from subsequent stressors, while EC Hsp 72 has a whole-body systemic role in antigen presentation and immunity. An acute exercise bout stimulates an increase in both IC and EC Hsp 72. Long-term training and improved fitness increases the rate of availability of IC Hsp 72 in response to stress. Other factors that affect Hsp 72 production include environmental factors, exercise mode, duration and intensity, age, estrogen, and anti-oxidant and glycogen availability. The functions and roles of Hsp 72 also depend on the tissue of origin. This article describes the Hsp 72 response to exercise in relation to the tissue assayed (i.e. skeletal muscle vs lymphocyte) and the origin of the sample (i.e. venous vs arterial serum). Collectively, the reviewed studies reveal exciting and novel research that encourages future investigation in this area.

Research paper thumbnail of Gender Difference in Heat Shock Protein Expression and Inflammation in Response to Acute Exercise in the Heat

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of WISE-2005

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of WISE-2005

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of Antimicrobial Protein Response to Prolonged Running

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of Lower-body negative-pressure exercise and bed-rest???mediated orthostatic intolerance

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2002

Supine, moderate exercise is ineffective in maintaining orthostatic tolerance after bed rest (BR)... more Supine, moderate exercise is ineffective in maintaining orthostatic tolerance after bed rest (BR). Our purpose was to test the hypothesis that adding an orthostatic stress during exercise would maintain orthostatic function after BR. Seven healthy men completed duplicate 15-d 6 degrees head-down tilt BR using a crossover design. During one BR, subjects did not exercise (CON). During another BR, subjects exercised for 40 min.d(-1) on a supine treadmill against 50-60 mm Hg LBNP (EX). Exercise training consisted of an interval exercise protocol of 2- to 3-min intervals alternating between 41 and 65% (.)VO(2max). Before and after BR, an LBNP tolerance test was performed in which the LBNP chamber was decompressed in 10-mm Hg stages every 3 min until presyncope. LBNP tolerance, as assessed by the cumulative stress index (CSI) decreased after BR in both the CON (830 +/- 144, pre-BR vs 524 +/- 56 mm Hg.min, post-BR) and the EX (949 +/- 118 pre-BR vs 560 +/- 44 mm Hg.min, post-BR) conditions. However, subtolerance (0 to -50 mm Hg LBNP) heart rates were lower and systolic blood pressures were better maintained after BR in the EX condition compared with CON. Moderate exercise performed against LBNP simulating an upright 1-g environment failed to protect orthostatic tolerance after 15 d of BR.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect Of Palm Cooling On Reducing Heat Strain In Resting Hyperthermic Subjects

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2008

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of Aging on the Heat Shock Response and Autophagy in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

The Faseb Journal, Apr 1, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of WISE 2005: Aerobic and resistive countermeasures prevent paraspinal muscle deconditioning during 60-days bed rest in women

Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), Jan 18, 2016

Microgravity-induced lumbar paraspinal muscle deconditioning may contribute to back pain commonly... more Microgravity-induced lumbar paraspinal muscle deconditioning may contribute to back pain commonly experienced by astronauts, and may increase the risk of postflight injury. We hypothesized that a combined resistance and aerobic exercise countermeasure protocol that included spinal loading would mitigate lumbar paraspinal muscle deconditioning during 60-days of bed rest in women. Sixteen women underwent 60-day, 6° head-down-tilt bed rest and were randomized into control and exercise groups. During bed rest, the control group performed no exercise. The exercise group performed supine treadmill exercise within lower body negative pressure (LBNP) for 3-4 d/wk and flywheel resistive exercise for 2-3 d/wk. Paraspinal muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) was measured using a lumbar spine MRI sequence before and after bed rest (BR). In addition, isokinetic spinal flexion and extension strengths were measured before and after BR. Data are presented as mean ± SD. Total lumbar paraspinal muscle C...

Research paper thumbnail of WISE-2005: Heart rate after supine treadmill exercise affects orthostatic tolerance during resting lower body negative pressure

The Faseb Journal, Mar 1, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of Mind-body practices for posttraumatic stress disorder

Journal of Investigative Medicine the Official Publication of the American Federation For Clinical Research, Apr 19, 2013

BACKGROUND: Mind-body practices are increasingly used to provide stress reduction for posttraumat... more BACKGROUND: Mind-body practices are increasingly used to provide stress reduction for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Mind-body practice encompasses activities with the intent to use the mind to impact physical functioning and improve health.METHODS: This is a literature review using PubMed, PsycINFO, and Published International Literature on Traumatic Stress to identify the effects of mind-body intervention modalities, such as yoga, tai chi, qigong, mindfulness-based stress reduction, meditation, and deep breathing, as interventions for PTSD.RESULTS: The literature search identified 92 articles, only 16 of which were suitable for inclusion in this review. We reviewed only original, full text articles that met the inclusion criteria. Most of the studies have small sample size, but findings from the 16 publications reviewed here suggest that mind-body practices are associated with positive impacts on PTSD symptoms. Mind-body practices incorporate numerous therapeutic effects on stress responses, including reductions in anxiety, depression, and anger, and increases in pain tolerance, self-esteem, energy levels, ability to relax, and ability to cope with stressful situations. In general, mind-body practices were found to be a viable intervention to improve the constellation of PTSD symptoms such as intrusive memories, avoidance, and increased emotional arousal.CONCLUSIONS: Mind-body practices are increasingly used in the treatment of PTSD and are associated with positive impacts on stress-induced illnesses such as depression and PTSD in most existing studies. Knowledge about the diverse modalities of mind-body practices may provide clinicians and patients with the opportunity to explore an individualized and effective treatment plan enhanced by mind-body interventions as part of ongoing self-care.

Research paper thumbnail of PTSD Symptom Reduction With Mindfulness-Based Stretching and Deep Breathing Exercise: Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial of Efficacy

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, May 29, 2013

Context: Abnormal cortisol levels are a key pathophysiological indicator of post-traumatic stress... more Context: Abnormal cortisol levels are a key pathophysiological indicator of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Endogenous normalization of cortisol concentration through exercise may be associated with PTSD symptom reduction.

Research paper thumbnail of WISE-2005: The relation between standing balance and orthostatic tolerance in women

The Faseb Journal, Mar 1, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of A review of sex differences in immune function after aerobic exercise

Exercise immunology review

When menstrual phase and oral contraceptives are controlled for, males and females display marked... more When menstrual phase and oral contraceptives are controlled for, males and females display marked differences in immune response to an exercise stress. In highly controlled research studies, sex differences in immune cell changes, cytokine alterations, along with morbidity and mortality after inoculation are apparent. Exercise has been hypothesized to serve as a model of various clinical stresses by inducing similar hormonal and immunological alterations. Thus, a greater understanding of sex differences in post exercise non-specific immune function may provide insight into more effective clinical approaches and treatments. This paper reviews the recent evidence supporting sex differences in post exercise immune response and highlights the need for greater control when comparing the post exercise immune response between sexes.

Research paper thumbnail of A review of sex differences in immune function after aerobic exercise

Exercise immunology review, 2011

When menstrual phase and oral contraceptives are controlled for, males and females display marked... more When menstrual phase and oral contraceptives are controlled for, males and females display marked differences in immune response to an exercise stress. In highly controlled research studies, sex differences in immune cell changes, cytokine alterations, along with morbidity and mortality after inoculation are apparent. Exercise has been hypothesized to serve as a model of various clinical stresses by inducing similar hormonal and immunological alterations. Thus, a greater understanding of sex differences in post exercise non-specific immune function may provide insight into more effective clinical approaches and treatments. This paper reviews the recent evidence supporting sex differences in post exercise immune response and highlights the need for greater control when comparing the post exercise immune response between sexes.

Research paper thumbnail of Sex Differences in Heat Shock Protein 72 Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Acute Exercise in the Heat

International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2012

Background: Heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) is responsible for maintaining critical cellular functi... more Background: Heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) is responsible for maintaining critical cellular function during heat stress. Hsp72 confers thermotolerance and may play a role in heat acclimation. Animal research suggests a difference between sexes in Hsp72 expression in response to exercise, however, human data is lacking. Objectives: To determine sex differences in intracellular heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) following exercise in the heat. Patients and Methods: Nine non-heat acclimated women with normal menstrual cycles (VO2pk 58 ± 5 mL•kgFFM -1 •min -1 ) and nine nonheat acclimated men (VO2pk 60 ± 7 ml•kgFFM -1 •min -1 ) completed 2 treadmill bouts at 60% VO2pk for 60 min in a 42°C, 20% RH environment. Women were tested in follicular (fol) and luteal (lut) phases. The duplicate trials were separated by 12 days for men and women. Blood samples were drawn pre, immediately post, 1, and 4 hrs post-exercise. Results: Men and women differed in their Hsp72 response after exercise (time X sex X trial interaction; P < 0.05). Men increased Hsp72 after exercise more than women. Both men and women produced less Hsp72 during trial 2 compared to trial 1. Estrogen (r = 0.24; P > 0.05) and progesterone (r = 0.27, P > 0.05) concentrations were not correlated with Hsp72. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that men and women differ in their cellular stress response. Men up-regulated Hsp72 after a single bout of exercise in the heat, which persists for 12 days, suggesting an accumulation of Hsp72 which may lead to acquired cellular thermotolerance.

Research paper thumbnail of Impaired orthostatic response in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after 48 hours of bed rest

Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, 2009

To compare the effect of bed rest on orthostatic responses of patients with type 2 diabetes melli... more To compare the effect of bed rest on orthostatic responses of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and nondiabetic control subjects. Six patients with type 2 diabetes and 6 non-diabetic control subjects underwent 48 hours of bed rest and 48 hours of ambulatory activity in randomized order. A 10-minute tilt test was conducted before and after each period of hospitalization, and cardiovascular responses to 80 degrees head-up tilt were analyzed with use of a 2-factorial (study group and bed rest condition) analysis of variance design. We hypothesized that patients with diabetes would experience more severe changes in orthostatic response after bed rest. No significant differences in orthostatic responses were observed before bed rest between control subjects and patients with diabetes. After bed rest, control subjects had a greater (P = .01) increase in heart rate during tilt in comparison with before bed rest (before versus after bed rest, 9 +/- 4 versus 24 +/- 7 beats/min) and main...

Research paper thumbnail of The gravity of LBNP exercise: preliminary lessons learned from identical twins in bed for 30 days

Journal of gravitational physiology : a journal of the International Society for Gravitational Physiology, 2002

... Hughson, Kevin Shoemaker, Scott M. Smith, Gregory C. Steinbach, Kunihiko Tanaka, Yasuaki Kawa... more ... Hughson, Kevin Shoemaker, Scott M. Smith, Gregory C. Steinbach, Kunihiko Tanaka, Yasuaki Kawai, Maneesh Bawa, Shinji Kimura, Brandon Macias, Wanda ... LeBlanc A, Lin C, Rowe R, Belichenko 0, Sinitsyn V, Shenkman B, Oganov V, Shackelford L, Feeback D. Muscle Loss ...

Research paper thumbnail of The effects of acute oral glutamine supplementation on exercise-induced gastrointestinal permeability and heat shock protein expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Cell Stress and Chaperones, 2014

Chronic glutamine supplementation reduces exercise-induced intestinal permeability and inhibits t... more Chronic glutamine supplementation reduces exercise-induced intestinal permeability and inhibits the NF-κB pro-inflammatory pathway in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. These effects were correlated with activation of HSP70. The purpose of this paper is to test if an acute dose of oral glutamine prior to exercise reduces intestinal permeability along with activation of the heat shock response leading to inhibition of pro-inflammatory markers. Physically active subjects (N=7) completed baseline and exercise intestinal permeability tests, determined by the percent ratio of urinary lactulose (5 g) to rhamnose (2 g). Exercise included two 60-min treadmill runs at 70 % of VO 2 max at 30°C after ingestion of glutamine (Gln) or placebo (Pla). Plasma levels of endotoxin and TNF-α, along with peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) protein expression of HSP70 and IκBα, were measured pre-and post-exercise and 2 and 4 h postexercise. Permeability increased in the Pla trial compared to that at rest (0.06±0.01 vs. 0.02±0.018) and did not increase in the Gln trial. Plasma endotoxin was lower at the 4-h time point in the Gln vs. 4 h in the Pla (6.715±0.046 pg/ml vs. 7.952±

Research paper thumbnail of Genome and Hormones: Gender Differences in Physiology Invited Review: Gender issues related to spaceflight: a NASA perspective

This minireview provides an overview of known and potential gender differences in physiological r... more This minireview provides an overview of known and potential gender differences in physiological responses to spaceflight. The paper covers cardiovascular and exercise physiology, barophysiology and decompression sickness, renal stone risk, immunology, neurovestibular and sensorimotor function, nutrition, pharmacotherapeutics, and reproduction. Potential health and functional impacts associated with the various physiological changes during spaceflight are discussed, and areas needing additional research are highlighted. Historically, studies of physiological responses to microgravity have not been aimed at examining gender-specific differences in the astronaut population. Insufficient data exist in most of the discipline areas at this time to draw valid conclusions about genderspecific differences in astronauts, in part due to the small ratio of women to men. The only astronaut health issue for which a large enough data set exists to allow valid conclusions to be drawn about gender differences is orthostatic intolerance following shuttle missions, in which women have a significantly higher incidence of presyncope during stand tests than do men. The most common observation across disciplines is that individual differences in physiological responses within genders are usually as large as, or larger than, differences between genders. Individual characteristics usually outweigh gender differences per se. physiological responses; health issues THIS MINIREVIEW PROVIDES a summary of gender-specific physiological changes and health issues in astronauts. It is derived from a special task-force report prepared by discipline experts to aid management in policy decisions and selection of research needed to understand gender differences in responses to spaceflight. Histor-ically, investigations of physiological responses to microgravity have not been aimed at examining genderspecific differences in the astronaut population. Many of the discipline experts, however, identified one or more potential gender-specific physiological differences.

Research paper thumbnail of Heat Shock Protein 72 Response to Exercise in Humans

Sports Medicine, 2008

Heat shock protein (Hsp) 72 is a unique, ubiquitous molecule. In vitro and in vivo animal models ... more Heat shock protein (Hsp) 72 is a unique, ubiquitous molecule. In vitro and in vivo animal models have shown that increased Hsp 72 is associated with improved cellular survivability and tolerance to stressors. The primary focus of this article is to review the Hsp 72 protein response to exercise in humans. Various mechanisms regulate post-transcriptional activity and therefore measurement of messenger RNA (mRNA) does not necessarily represent the level of functional Hsp 72. For this reason, this article incorporates only a few studies that assessed Hsp 72 mRNA response to exercise. Although this article focuses on human studies, it also includes some key animal studies to provide insight into the mechanisms of the response of Hsp 72 to stress.Intra- (IC) and extracellular (EC) Hsp 72 have different functions. IC Hsp 72 confers cellular protection from subsequent stressors, while EC Hsp 72 has a whole-body systemic role in antigen presentation and immunity. An acute exercise bout stimulates an increase in both IC and EC Hsp 72. Long-term training and improved fitness increases the rate of availability of IC Hsp 72 in response to stress. Other factors that affect Hsp 72 production include environmental factors, exercise mode, duration and intensity, age, estrogen, and anti-oxidant and glycogen availability. The functions and roles of Hsp 72 also depend on the tissue of origin. This article describes the Hsp 72 response to exercise in relation to the tissue assayed (i.e. skeletal muscle vs lymphocyte) and the origin of the sample (i.e. venous vs arterial serum). Collectively, the reviewed studies reveal exciting and novel research that encourages future investigation in this area.

Research paper thumbnail of Gender Difference in Heat Shock Protein Expression and Inflammation in Response to Acute Exercise in the Heat

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of WISE-2005

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of WISE-2005

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of Antimicrobial Protein Response to Prolonged Running

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of Lower-body negative-pressure exercise and bed-rest???mediated orthostatic intolerance

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2002

Supine, moderate exercise is ineffective in maintaining orthostatic tolerance after bed rest (BR)... more Supine, moderate exercise is ineffective in maintaining orthostatic tolerance after bed rest (BR). Our purpose was to test the hypothesis that adding an orthostatic stress during exercise would maintain orthostatic function after BR. Seven healthy men completed duplicate 15-d 6 degrees head-down tilt BR using a crossover design. During one BR, subjects did not exercise (CON). During another BR, subjects exercised for 40 min.d(-1) on a supine treadmill against 50-60 mm Hg LBNP (EX). Exercise training consisted of an interval exercise protocol of 2- to 3-min intervals alternating between 41 and 65% (.)VO(2max). Before and after BR, an LBNP tolerance test was performed in which the LBNP chamber was decompressed in 10-mm Hg stages every 3 min until presyncope. LBNP tolerance, as assessed by the cumulative stress index (CSI) decreased after BR in both the CON (830 +/- 144, pre-BR vs 524 +/- 56 mm Hg.min, post-BR) and the EX (949 +/- 118 pre-BR vs 560 +/- 44 mm Hg.min, post-BR) conditions. However, subtolerance (0 to -50 mm Hg LBNP) heart rates were lower and systolic blood pressures were better maintained after BR in the EX condition compared with CON. Moderate exercise performed against LBNP simulating an upright 1-g environment failed to protect orthostatic tolerance after 15 d of BR.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect Of Palm Cooling On Reducing Heat Strain In Resting Hyperthermic Subjects

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2008