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Videos by Leonid Svetlichny
Evidence of the appearance of Asian calanoid copepod Sinodiaptomus sarsi in Kyiv pond.
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Video recording of attached locomotion in neustonic copepod Anomalocera patersoni
Locomotion using the mouth appendages and thoracic swimming legs of the Calanus helgolandicus
Behavior of the newly found non-native freshwater copepod Sinodiaptomus sarsi in Ukraine
1 views
High-speed (1200 fps) video of escape reaction in Calanus helgolandicus (euxinus)
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Papers by Leonid Svetlichny
Regional Studies in Marine Science
Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2014
We used generalized additive models (GAMs) as exploratory habitat models for describing the distr... more We used generalized additive models (GAMs) as exploratory habitat models for describing the distribution of 2 deep-diving species, Cuvier's beaked whale Ziphius cavirostris Cuvier, 1823 and sperm whale Physeter catodon Linnaeus, 1758, in the Pelagos Sanctuary (northwestern Mediterranean). We analyzed data collected from research surveys and whale-watching activities during summer months from 2004 to 2007. The dataset encompassed 147 Cuvier's beaked whale sightings and 52 sperm whale sightings. We defined and applied a post hoc workflow to the data, to minimize false absence bias arising from the unique ecology of the species and the lack of a dedicated sampling design. We calculated a novel topographic predictor, distance from the canyon axis, as a covariate for use in the habitat model. Given the complex topography of the area, the analysis was performed on a high-resolution spatial grid (1 km). Our methods allowed effective use of the non-dedicated sampling dataset for building habitat models of elusive and cryptic species (Cuvier's beaked whale final model sensitivity = 0.88 and specificity = 0.84; sperm whale final model sensitivity = 0.65 and specificity = 0.77). The GAM results confirmed the preference for submarine canyons for both species and also highlighted the importance of the deeper portion of the Ligurian basin, especially for Cuvier's beaked whale. Habitat overlap nevertheless is resolved by a well-defined spatial partitioning of the area, with sperm whale occupying the western part and Cuvier's beaked whale the central and eastern parts.
Marine Ecology Progress Series 431, 2011
The Mexican Pacific Ocean, defined as east of 122°W and from 12 to 34°N, encompasses an oceanogra... more The Mexican Pacific Ocean, defined as east of 122°W and from 12 to 34°N, encompasses an oceanographic transition zone with dynamic population and community processes. In order to gain insight into possible marine mammal ecological responses to the current rapid environmental changes, we compiled and analyzed data from 11 145 marine mammal sightings made between 1981 and 2008 by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Journal of Black …, 2006
In October 2005 species composition and abundance of mesozooplankton collected in the Black Sea (... more In October 2005 species composition and abundance of mesozooplankton collected in the Black Sea (near the entrance of the Bosphorus) and in the Marmara Sea (near the exit of the Bosphorus and Prince Islands) were studied taking into account the number of live and dead individuals. Along the Bosphorus, the numbers of the Black Sea originated Copepoda species reduced whilst the abundance of Cladocera and Oikopleura dioica increased towards the Marmara. The Black Sea species constituting 78% of total fodder zooplankton abundance in the Marmara Sea aggregated mainly in the subsurface layers with lower salinity. In the layers deeper than salinity gradient (25-50 m) 57% of the individuals from these taxa were dead being at different stages of decomposition. Respiration rates of copepods also differed among layers of distinct salinity.
Fluids
Calanoid copepods have two swimming gaits, namely cruise swimming that is propelled by the beatin... more Calanoid copepods have two swimming gaits, namely cruise swimming that is propelled by the beating of the cephalic feeding appendages and short-lasting jumps that are propelled by the power strokes of the four or five pairs of thoracal swimming legs. The latter may be 100 times faster than the former, and the required forces and power production are consequently much larger. Here, we estimated the magnitude and size scaling of swimming speed, leg beat frequency, forces, power requirements, and energetics of these two propulsion modes. We used data from the literature together with new data to estimate forces by two different approaches in 37 species of calanoid copepods: the direct measurement of forces produced by copepods attached to a tensiometer and the indirect estimation of forces from swimming speed or acceleration in combination with experimentally estimated drag coefficients. Depending on the approach, we found that the propulsive forces, both for cruise swimming and escape...
Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological and Integrative Physiology
TURKISH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY
The Journal of experimental biology, Jan 30, 2017
Copepods may respond to predators by powerful escape jumps that in some surface dwelling forms ma... more Copepods may respond to predators by powerful escape jumps that in some surface dwelling forms may propel the copepod out of the water. We studied the kinematics and energetics of submerged and out-of-water jumps of two neustonic pontellid Anomalocera patersoni and Pontella mediterranea and one pelagic calanoid copepod Calanus helgolandicus (euxinus). We show that jumping out of the water does not happen just by inertia gained during the copepod's acceleration underwater, but also requires the force generated by the thoracic limbs when breaking through the water's surface to overcome surface tension, drag, and gravity. Such timing appears necessary for success. At the moment of breaking the water interface the instantaneous velocity of the two pontellids reaches 125 cm s-1, while their maximum underwater speed (115 cm s-1) is close to that of similarly sized C. helgolandicus (106 cm s-1). The average specific powers produced by the two pontellids during out-of-water jumps (1...
Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology, 2016
Original Title: 0 nekotorykh dinamicheskikh parametrakh passivnogo pogruzheniya tropicheskikh kop... more Original Title: 0 nekotorykh dinamicheskikh parametrakh passivnogo pogruzheniya tropicheskikh kopepod
Zoologicheskiĭ zhurnal
3 о о л о г и Ч Е с к и й ж у Р НА л 1986, том ЬХУ, вып. 4 УДК 595.2.34:591.171
Oceanology
Описана методика экспериментального измерения общего гидродинамического сопротивления моделей вто... more Описана методика экспериментального измерения общего гидродинамического сопротивления моделей второй антенны и торакальной ноги Calanus helgolandicus на специализированном стенде для различных режимов движения. Приведены графические зависимости коэффициентов гидродинамического сопротивления моделей от чисел Рейнольдса при имитации гребка и возвращения в исходное положение. Проанализирована зависимость величин коэффициентов, g от внешнеморфологических особенностей органов локомоции и зависимость гидродинамической эффективности локомоции от режимов движения.
Oceanology
Established is the dependence of frequency, force and locomotion power on temperature for continu... more Established is the dependence of frequency, force and locomotion power on temperature for continuous and dashing swimming of the Black Sea Сalanus. In the conditions of acclimation the frequency and power of the mouth extremities of the crustacean are related to temperature accordingly to exponential law, with mean temperature coefficients 1.5 and 2.3, correspondingly. For sharp temperature changing the locomotion power coefficients Q, ~ exceed in several times the coefficients corresponding to Vant-Goff rule. It is shown that the notion of jump-like accelerated departure of copepods from surface layer to day-inhabitance depth in conditions of strong water stratification, typical for the Black Sea, contradicts to sharp physiological reaction of Сalanus on rap temperature change.
Evidence of the appearance of Asian calanoid copepod Sinodiaptomus sarsi in Kyiv pond.
10 views
Video recording of attached locomotion in neustonic copepod Anomalocera patersoni
Locomotion using the mouth appendages and thoracic swimming legs of the Calanus helgolandicus
Behavior of the newly found non-native freshwater copepod Sinodiaptomus sarsi in Ukraine
1 views
High-speed (1200 fps) video of escape reaction in Calanus helgolandicus (euxinus)
1 views
Regional Studies in Marine Science
Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2014
We used generalized additive models (GAMs) as exploratory habitat models for describing the distr... more We used generalized additive models (GAMs) as exploratory habitat models for describing the distribution of 2 deep-diving species, Cuvier's beaked whale Ziphius cavirostris Cuvier, 1823 and sperm whale Physeter catodon Linnaeus, 1758, in the Pelagos Sanctuary (northwestern Mediterranean). We analyzed data collected from research surveys and whale-watching activities during summer months from 2004 to 2007. The dataset encompassed 147 Cuvier's beaked whale sightings and 52 sperm whale sightings. We defined and applied a post hoc workflow to the data, to minimize false absence bias arising from the unique ecology of the species and the lack of a dedicated sampling design. We calculated a novel topographic predictor, distance from the canyon axis, as a covariate for use in the habitat model. Given the complex topography of the area, the analysis was performed on a high-resolution spatial grid (1 km). Our methods allowed effective use of the non-dedicated sampling dataset for building habitat models of elusive and cryptic species (Cuvier's beaked whale final model sensitivity = 0.88 and specificity = 0.84; sperm whale final model sensitivity = 0.65 and specificity = 0.77). The GAM results confirmed the preference for submarine canyons for both species and also highlighted the importance of the deeper portion of the Ligurian basin, especially for Cuvier's beaked whale. Habitat overlap nevertheless is resolved by a well-defined spatial partitioning of the area, with sperm whale occupying the western part and Cuvier's beaked whale the central and eastern parts.
Marine Ecology Progress Series 431, 2011
The Mexican Pacific Ocean, defined as east of 122°W and from 12 to 34°N, encompasses an oceanogra... more The Mexican Pacific Ocean, defined as east of 122°W and from 12 to 34°N, encompasses an oceanographic transition zone with dynamic population and community processes. In order to gain insight into possible marine mammal ecological responses to the current rapid environmental changes, we compiled and analyzed data from 11 145 marine mammal sightings made between 1981 and 2008 by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Journal of Black …, 2006
In October 2005 species composition and abundance of mesozooplankton collected in the Black Sea (... more In October 2005 species composition and abundance of mesozooplankton collected in the Black Sea (near the entrance of the Bosphorus) and in the Marmara Sea (near the exit of the Bosphorus and Prince Islands) were studied taking into account the number of live and dead individuals. Along the Bosphorus, the numbers of the Black Sea originated Copepoda species reduced whilst the abundance of Cladocera and Oikopleura dioica increased towards the Marmara. The Black Sea species constituting 78% of total fodder zooplankton abundance in the Marmara Sea aggregated mainly in the subsurface layers with lower salinity. In the layers deeper than salinity gradient (25-50 m) 57% of the individuals from these taxa were dead being at different stages of decomposition. Respiration rates of copepods also differed among layers of distinct salinity.
Fluids
Calanoid copepods have two swimming gaits, namely cruise swimming that is propelled by the beatin... more Calanoid copepods have two swimming gaits, namely cruise swimming that is propelled by the beating of the cephalic feeding appendages and short-lasting jumps that are propelled by the power strokes of the four or five pairs of thoracal swimming legs. The latter may be 100 times faster than the former, and the required forces and power production are consequently much larger. Here, we estimated the magnitude and size scaling of swimming speed, leg beat frequency, forces, power requirements, and energetics of these two propulsion modes. We used data from the literature together with new data to estimate forces by two different approaches in 37 species of calanoid copepods: the direct measurement of forces produced by copepods attached to a tensiometer and the indirect estimation of forces from swimming speed or acceleration in combination with experimentally estimated drag coefficients. Depending on the approach, we found that the propulsive forces, both for cruise swimming and escape...
Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological and Integrative Physiology
TURKISH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY
The Journal of experimental biology, Jan 30, 2017
Copepods may respond to predators by powerful escape jumps that in some surface dwelling forms ma... more Copepods may respond to predators by powerful escape jumps that in some surface dwelling forms may propel the copepod out of the water. We studied the kinematics and energetics of submerged and out-of-water jumps of two neustonic pontellid Anomalocera patersoni and Pontella mediterranea and one pelagic calanoid copepod Calanus helgolandicus (euxinus). We show that jumping out of the water does not happen just by inertia gained during the copepod's acceleration underwater, but also requires the force generated by the thoracic limbs when breaking through the water's surface to overcome surface tension, drag, and gravity. Such timing appears necessary for success. At the moment of breaking the water interface the instantaneous velocity of the two pontellids reaches 125 cm s-1, while their maximum underwater speed (115 cm s-1) is close to that of similarly sized C. helgolandicus (106 cm s-1). The average specific powers produced by the two pontellids during out-of-water jumps (1...
Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology, 2016
Original Title: 0 nekotorykh dinamicheskikh parametrakh passivnogo pogruzheniya tropicheskikh kop... more Original Title: 0 nekotorykh dinamicheskikh parametrakh passivnogo pogruzheniya tropicheskikh kopepod
Zoologicheskiĭ zhurnal
3 о о л о г и Ч Е с к и й ж у Р НА л 1986, том ЬХУ, вып. 4 УДК 595.2.34:591.171
Oceanology
Описана методика экспериментального измерения общего гидродинамического сопротивления моделей вто... more Описана методика экспериментального измерения общего гидродинамического сопротивления моделей второй антенны и торакальной ноги Calanus helgolandicus на специализированном стенде для различных режимов движения. Приведены графические зависимости коэффициентов гидродинамического сопротивления моделей от чисел Рейнольдса при имитации гребка и возвращения в исходное положение. Проанализирована зависимость величин коэффициентов, g от внешнеморфологических особенностей органов локомоции и зависимость гидродинамической эффективности локомоции от режимов движения.
Oceanology
Established is the dependence of frequency, force and locomotion power on temperature for continu... more Established is the dependence of frequency, force and locomotion power on temperature for continuous and dashing swimming of the Black Sea Сalanus. In the conditions of acclimation the frequency and power of the mouth extremities of the crustacean are related to temperature accordingly to exponential law, with mean temperature coefficients 1.5 and 2.3, correspondingly. For sharp temperature changing the locomotion power coefficients Q, ~ exceed in several times the coefficients corresponding to Vant-Goff rule. It is shown that the notion of jump-like accelerated departure of copepods from surface layer to day-inhabitance depth in conditions of strong water stratification, typical for the Black Sea, contradicts to sharp physiological reaction of Сalanus on rap temperature change.
Results of direct instrumental determination of the hydrodynamic resistance of body and limbs wit... more Results of direct instrumental determination of the hydrodynamic resistance of body and limbs with uniform and unsteady locomotion of copepods are presented. The obtained data are compared with previous estimates obtained by means of physical and mathematical simulation.
Oceanology
The connection (r=0.84) between the oxygen uptake rate (Q, μl O2 h-1) and lo¬comotion mechanic en... more The connection (r=0.84) between the oxygen uptake rate (Q, μl O2 h-1) and lo¬comotion mechanic energy (E, ergs h-1) in Calanus attached in a force data unit appro¬ximated by the power equation Q=0.071±0.002 E0.29±0.04. Coefficient of mechanic-chemical conjugation, when there is usual locomotion, changes within 2-15% in proportion to the locomotion frequency of mouthparts. When maximum mechanical power, approaching 9.5-104 ergs-h-1, the oxygen uptake can increase up to 2.0 μl 02-h-1. It is 5.6 times more than their basal metabolisms and 2 times more than standard metabolism. Free Calanus swimming is not distinguished parametrically from fixed locomotion and ac¬cording to the duration of separate locomotion types, it doesn't have valuable connecti¬on with the experimental vessel value. But is shows pronounced dynamics, able to poster the illusion of movement space.
Oceanology
Velocities of free, jump-like movement of the Black sea Calanus during escape reaction, and tract... more Velocities of free, jump-like movement of the Black sea Calanus during escape reaction, and tractive forces developed by these crustacea in the regime of their swimming on а leash are presented. For maximum mean velocity about 40 cm/s the integral thrust for species with body length 0,32 cm is up to 19 dynes, and mechanical power is 1,8 • 10-4 W. Maximal ratio of active exchange to standard one, per one jump, is not exceeded 50 times. During the time of danger shunning lasted, about one second, the value of this ratio is equal about 18.
Succession, orientation, frequency, circular velocity of the mouth appendages as well as body mov... more Succession, orientation, frequency, circular velocity of the mouth appendages as well as body movement velocity in routine swimming of copepods have been studied. Some ontogenesis aspects of the locomotion of copepods are considered.
The effect оf hypoxia on the metabolism and behaviour of active and diapausing copepodite stage V... more The effect оf hypoxia on the metabolism and behaviour of active and diapausing copepodite stage V of Calanus еихinus is investigated. The atomic 0:N гасtiо is used as an indicator of the substrates involved in metabolism. It is shown that in actively migrating copepodites V (СVa), changing oxygen concentration from saturation со hypoxia (0.81 ± 0.14 mgO2 /l) causes а decrease in weight-specific respiration rate from 0.5 ± 0.14 to 0.19 ± 0.09 g O2/μg WW h, and in frequency of the арреndage locomotion rhythm from 22.3 ± 0.9 to 11.7 ± 0.4 Hz. Weight-specific ammonia excretion rate varies from 0.04 ± 0.02 to 0.023 ± 0.006 μg N/mg WW without relation to oxygen content. Within this range to oxygen concentrations, а reduction of the 0:N ratio from 22 to 8.4 indicates а transition from mixed protein-lipid catabolism со риге protein utilization. Under hypoxia (0.4 — 1.0 mg O2 /l), СVa exhibit an escape reaction consisting of an increase in swimming duration. For diapausing copepodites V (СVd...