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Research paper thumbnail of A Comparative Study of Dental Indices among Dental Students

Malocclusion is an appreciable deviation from ideal occlusion that may be considered as aesthetic... more Malocclusion is an appreciable deviation from ideal occlusion that may be considered as aesthetically or functionally unsatisfactory. Treatment need indices are used to determine the need prior to orthodontic treatment. Index of Treatment Need (IOTN) and Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) are the most common indices used to determine the severity of malocclusion and treatment need. The aims of this study are to evaluate students’ diagnostic ability in determining orthodontic treatment need using IOTN and DAI, and to determine students’ perception to both indices. This study was carried out on 49 clinical dental students of the Islamic Science University of Malaysia (USIM). They attended a seminar and practical sessions on the IOTN and DAI indices given by orthodontist. All students were asked to score 20 study models using both indices. At the end of assessment, students were asked to answer questionnaires regarding their perceptions towards both indices. The data was analysed using paire...

Research paper thumbnail of A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Efficacy of Two Types of Manual Toothbrushes in Patients with Fixed Appliances

This research is a randomized controlled trial to compare the effectiveness of plaque removal bet... more This research is a randomized controlled trial to compare the effectiveness of plaque removal between manual conventional and orthodontic toothbrushes in patients having fixed orthodontic treatment using Orthodontic Plaque Index (OPI). This study was conducted by two orthodontists at USIM Specialist Dental Clinic with almost perfect agreement level (Kappa score: 0.95). A total of 58 orthodontic patients were divided into 2 groups; first group were patients given manual conventional toothbrush (CTB) and the other were given orthodontic toothbrush (OTB). Consent obtained, and participants were instructed to follow standardized specific oral hygiene care regimes. Orthodontic Plaque Index (OPI) was then recorded during baseline(V0), 1 month (V1), 2 months (V2), and 3 months (V3) reviews for all participants. Out of 58 patients, only 26 participants (5 male and 21 female) completed the 3 review visits. Median values were used as data was not normally distributed. At baseline, both OTB an...

Research paper thumbnail of Association of Positional Variations of Premolars with Interarch Features

Objectives: the interach features that are associated with these variations. Materials and Method... more Objectives: the interach features that are associated with these variations. Materials and Methods: the selection criteria were randomly selected from the 15 impressions of 1000 subjects were obtained using alginate and poured into dental casts. Clinical data of the premolar positions and interarch features were ma were performed to compare the prevalence rates among the positional variations of premolars. Results: A total of 4000 maxillary and 4000 mandibular premolar (N=8000) positions were observed in 1000 patients. that were rotated (32.4%), displaced (6.9%), impacted (1.2%), unerupted (0.3%) and congenitally missing (0.2%). The left mandibular first premolars positions were mostly signi (P<0.05) with all of the interarch features variables measured. Associations were noted with incisor relationships (p=0.004, Table 4), canine relationships (p=0.011, Table 5), molar relationships (P=0.043, Table 6), overjet (p=0.016, Ta Conclusion: incisor, canine and molar classifications, a...

Research paper thumbnail of Geometric morphometric analysis of malocclusion on lateral cephalograms in Malaysian population

Anatomy & Cell Biology

Geometric morphometrics is a new approach for shape identification in diagnosis of malocclusion. ... more Geometric morphometrics is a new approach for shape identification in diagnosis of malocclusion. Lateral cephalogram is an X-ray that taken for diagnosing malocclusion in dental setting. The aim of this study was to determine the differences of craniofacial shape in malocclusion by application of two-dimensional geometric morphometrics and to compile the database of malocclusion in adult Malaysian population. Lateral cephalogram radiographs of 381 adults Malaysia (age 18-45) were retrieved retrospectively and assigned to three groups according to their occlusion: class I, class II, and class III. The geometric morphometric shape study incorporated nine landmarks and was analyzed in details using tpsUtil p software. Geometric morphometric analysis such was done using MorphoJ software. The results of the principal component's analysis (PCA) yielded 14 main components responsible for 100% of the variation exhibited by the malocclusion with three highly significant PCA. The highest Mahalanobis distances were exhibited by the malocclusion class II and III population. The Procrustes ANOVA showed that the shape effect was highly significant (P<0.01). The discriminant function analysis showed the high percentage of 80% discriminate among the malocclusions after cross-validation. There are significant differences for ANB angle (A point-Nasion-B point) in all malocclusion groups. Class II has the widest ANB angle while class III has the most acute ANB angle. Skeletal shape was clearly associated with dental malocclusion and showed considerable variation. Geometric morphometrics is an alternative research tool and can be used for diagnosing individual classification of malocclusion.

Research paper thumbnail of Association of Positional Variations of Premolars with Interarch Features

Objectives: the interach features that are associated with these variations. Materials and Method... more Objectives: the interach features that are associated with these variations. Materials and Methods: the selection criteria were randomly selected from the 15 impressions of 1000 subjects were obtained using alginate and poured into dental casts. Clinical data of the premolar positions and interarch features were ma were performed to compare the prevalence rates among the positional variations of premolars. Results: A total of 4000 maxillary and 4000 mandibular premolar (N=8000) positions were observed in 1000 patients. that were rotated (32.4%), displaced (6.9%), impacted (1.2%), unerupted (0.3%) and congenitally missing (0.2%). The left mandibular first premolars positions were mostly signi (P<0.05) with all of the interarch features variables measured. Associations were noted with incisor relationships (p=0.004, Table 4), canine relationships (p=0.011, Table 5), molar relationships (P=0.043, Table 6), overjet (p=0.016, Ta Conclusion: incisor, canine and molar classifications, a...

Research paper thumbnail of A Comparative Study of Dental Indices among Dental Students

Malocclusion is an appreciable deviation from ideal occlusion that may be considered as aesthetic... more Malocclusion is an appreciable deviation from ideal occlusion that may be considered as aesthetically or functionally unsatisfactory. Treatment need indices are used to determine the need prior to orthodontic treatment. Index of Treatment Need (IOTN) and Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) are the most common indices used to determine the severity of malocclusion and treatment need. The aims of this study are to evaluate students’ diagnostic ability in determining orthodontic treatment need using IOTN and DAI, and to determine students’ perception to both indices. This study was carried out on 49 clinical dental students of the Islamic Science University of Malaysia (USIM). They attended a seminar and practical sessions on the IOTN and DAI indices given by orthodontist. All students were asked to score 20 study models using both indices. At the end of assessment, students were asked to answer questionnaires regarding their perceptions towards both indices. The data was analysed using paire...

Research paper thumbnail of A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Efficacy of Two Types of Manual Toothbrushes in Patients with Fixed Appliances

This research is a randomized controlled trial to compare the effectiveness of plaque removal bet... more This research is a randomized controlled trial to compare the effectiveness of plaque removal between manual conventional and orthodontic toothbrushes in patients having fixed orthodontic treatment using Orthodontic Plaque Index (OPI). This study was conducted by two orthodontists at USIM Specialist Dental Clinic with almost perfect agreement level (Kappa score: 0.95). A total of 58 orthodontic patients were divided into 2 groups; first group were patients given manual conventional toothbrush (CTB) and the other were given orthodontic toothbrush (OTB). Consent obtained, and participants were instructed to follow standardized specific oral hygiene care regimes. Orthodontic Plaque Index (OPI) was then recorded during baseline(V0), 1 month (V1), 2 months (V2), and 3 months (V3) reviews for all participants. Out of 58 patients, only 26 participants (5 male and 21 female) completed the 3 review visits. Median values were used as data was not normally distributed. At baseline, both OTB an...

Research paper thumbnail of Association of Positional Variations of Premolars with Interarch Features

Objectives: the interach features that are associated with these variations. Materials and Method... more Objectives: the interach features that are associated with these variations. Materials and Methods: the selection criteria were randomly selected from the 15 impressions of 1000 subjects were obtained using alginate and poured into dental casts. Clinical data of the premolar positions and interarch features were ma were performed to compare the prevalence rates among the positional variations of premolars. Results: A total of 4000 maxillary and 4000 mandibular premolar (N=8000) positions were observed in 1000 patients. that were rotated (32.4%), displaced (6.9%), impacted (1.2%), unerupted (0.3%) and congenitally missing (0.2%). The left mandibular first premolars positions were mostly signi (P<0.05) with all of the interarch features variables measured. Associations were noted with incisor relationships (p=0.004, Table 4), canine relationships (p=0.011, Table 5), molar relationships (P=0.043, Table 6), overjet (p=0.016, Ta Conclusion: incisor, canine and molar classifications, a...

Research paper thumbnail of Geometric morphometric analysis of malocclusion on lateral cephalograms in Malaysian population

Anatomy & Cell Biology

Geometric morphometrics is a new approach for shape identification in diagnosis of malocclusion. ... more Geometric morphometrics is a new approach for shape identification in diagnosis of malocclusion. Lateral cephalogram is an X-ray that taken for diagnosing malocclusion in dental setting. The aim of this study was to determine the differences of craniofacial shape in malocclusion by application of two-dimensional geometric morphometrics and to compile the database of malocclusion in adult Malaysian population. Lateral cephalogram radiographs of 381 adults Malaysia (age 18-45) were retrieved retrospectively and assigned to three groups according to their occlusion: class I, class II, and class III. The geometric morphometric shape study incorporated nine landmarks and was analyzed in details using tpsUtil p software. Geometric morphometric analysis such was done using MorphoJ software. The results of the principal component's analysis (PCA) yielded 14 main components responsible for 100% of the variation exhibited by the malocclusion with three highly significant PCA. The highest Mahalanobis distances were exhibited by the malocclusion class II and III population. The Procrustes ANOVA showed that the shape effect was highly significant (P<0.01). The discriminant function analysis showed the high percentage of 80% discriminate among the malocclusions after cross-validation. There are significant differences for ANB angle (A point-Nasion-B point) in all malocclusion groups. Class II has the widest ANB angle while class III has the most acute ANB angle. Skeletal shape was clearly associated with dental malocclusion and showed considerable variation. Geometric morphometrics is an alternative research tool and can be used for diagnosing individual classification of malocclusion.

Research paper thumbnail of Association of Positional Variations of Premolars with Interarch Features

Objectives: the interach features that are associated with these variations. Materials and Method... more Objectives: the interach features that are associated with these variations. Materials and Methods: the selection criteria were randomly selected from the 15 impressions of 1000 subjects were obtained using alginate and poured into dental casts. Clinical data of the premolar positions and interarch features were ma were performed to compare the prevalence rates among the positional variations of premolars. Results: A total of 4000 maxillary and 4000 mandibular premolar (N=8000) positions were observed in 1000 patients. that were rotated (32.4%), displaced (6.9%), impacted (1.2%), unerupted (0.3%) and congenitally missing (0.2%). The left mandibular first premolars positions were mostly signi (P<0.05) with all of the interarch features variables measured. Associations were noted with incisor relationships (p=0.004, Table 4), canine relationships (p=0.011, Table 5), molar relationships (P=0.043, Table 6), overjet (p=0.016, Ta Conclusion: incisor, canine and molar classifications, a...