Sylvain Pellerin - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Sylvain Pellerin
Ecological Modelling, 2008
Nutrient uptake Phosphorus Zea mays L.
New Zealand Journal of Ecology
Common gorse (Ulex europaeus) is one of the most invasive species worldwide. Biological control o... more Common gorse (Ulex europaeus) is one of the most invasive species worldwide. Biological control of gorse by two pre-dispersal seed predators (the weevil Exapion ulicis and the moth Cydia succedana) is used in New Zealand. Gorse shrubs are distributed along wide natural gradients, and this could influence seed predation. The aim of this study was to identify factors that influence seed predation along two natural gradients, of light availability and gorse density. Seed predation was studied in the native range of the species, in south-west France. A total of 140 shrubs in stands with different irradiance and population densities were monitored. The number of seeds damaged was determined at different scales: the pod, the shrub and the gorse stand. The multi-scale analysis revealed that weevil activity increased with the quantity of gorse seeds produced, mainly at the pod and plot scales. The moth appeared satiated by abundant seed production at the bush and plot scales. In addition, moth activity was maintained in shady plots where weevil activity decreased. On the whole predation intensity was high and varied little along the density gradient (about 60-80% of seeds destroyed). Conversely, predation intensity decreased significantly with shade (from about 80% in full-light plots to 25% of seeds destroyed in the shadiest plots). These results could help predict the impact of pre-dispersal seed predation on the dynamics of gorse populations along environmental gradients. The activity of the moth appeared to be complementary to that of the weevil because it was maintained where the weevil was rare (i.e. in shady environments). Thus, the joint presence of the two predators may be helpful in the context of biological control of gorse.
Text S1. Non-simulated fluxes. The fluxes that were not simulated were P fluxes in chemical ferti... more Text S1. Non-simulated fluxes. The fluxes that were not simulated were P fluxes in chemical fertilizer, manures, feed and fodder, spread sludges and losses, all of which were estimated from available datasets or observations by multiplying the material fluxes by the corresponding P content.
S2 File . Rate of symbiotic nitrogen fixation (%N dfa ) and N and P contents of gorse seedlings i... more S2 File . Rate of symbiotic nitrogen fixation (%N dfa ) and N and P contents of gorse seedlings in response to P fertilisation.
La gestion des éléments minéraux est un élément clé de la conduite des systèmes de culture biolog... more La gestion des éléments minéraux est un élément clé de la conduite des systèmes de culture biologique. Le cahier des charges européen de l'agriculture biologique interdit strictement l'utilisation des engrais de synthèse. Toutefois, il autorise l'usage de certains produits issus de l'agriculture conventionnelle. Dans cette étude, nous avons quantifié l'intensité des importations d'azote (N), de phosphore (P) et de potassium (K) provenant de l'agriculture conventionnelle pour 63 exploitations biologiques réparties dans trois régions agricoles françaises définies par leurs orientations de productions (productions végétales, productions animales ou mixte). Les entrées en provenance de l'agriculture conventionnelle correspondent respectivement à 23 %, 73 % et 53 % des importations de N, P et K. Ces entrées sont principalement expliquées par les systèmes de production des exploitations et sont positivement corrélées à la demande en fertilisants de ces exploitations.
Soil Use and Management, 2015
Total phosphorus (TP) build-up in agricultural soils represents both a threat to aquatic ecosyste... more Total phosphorus (TP) build-up in agricultural soils represents both a threat to aquatic ecosystems and a valuable resource for future crop production, given the context of increasing food demand combined with the rapid depletion of the world's phosphate reserves. Therefore, it is crucially important (i) to identify the main factors controlling topsoil TP and (ii) to develop methods for mapping its spatial distribution. Multiple linear regression models were used with two distinct approaches to calculate TP and covariates linked to the P cycle. Firstly, covariates were selected from the R eseau de Mesures de la Qualit e des Sols database, the French soil monitoring network, which consists of soil samples collected from 2158 sites on a 16-km regular grid. Secondly, covariates were selected to map TP from spatially exhaustive datasets in France. The first approach explains 80% of variability in topsoil TP. The variables selected are linked to the autochthonous origin of P (parent material), to allochthonous origin (organic carbon and nitrogen contents) and to the retention capacity of soil (Al, Fe, Ca and clay contents). The predicted map obtained from the second approach provides a mean TP of 0.76 g/kg. This study demonstrates that creating national scale maps of TP, based on detailed soil sampling and many variables, is feasible and can be used to model the P cycle and P transfer processes. Such maps can be used in P erosion and transfer models over river basins, and therefore to predict P exports to surface waters.
Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2015
Many authors have focused on the contribution of inner farm nutrient recycling to closed nutrient... more Many authors have focused on the contribution of inner farm nutrient recycling to closed nutrient cycles, but little is known about the contribution of exchanges among farms to nutrient cycling. By using a network approach, we assessed the structure of farm mass flows networks and their consequences for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) recycling in organic farming at the local scale. Organic farming was considered as a prototype of farming systems that aims at better closing nutrient cycles. Inflows and outflows were collected for two cropping years on 63 organic farms. The farms were located in three French agricultural districts with areas ranging from 520 to 1021 km 2 and differentiated by their degree of specialization (specialized in crop production, animal production, or mixed). Local nutrient recycling was assessed at the district scale through: (i) the local supply, defined as the ratio of the amount of nutrients from exchanges among farms plus the amount of nitrogen from atmospheric sources, to the sum of inputs to organic farms; and (ii) the cycling index, defined as the fraction of nutrients flowing at least twice through the same farms. Results showed that exchanges among farms were mainly shortdistance exchanges (<50 km on average) and contributed up to 70% of farm nutrient inflow. Mass flows among farms were two to four times greater in the mixed district than in specialized districts. As a consequence, both the local supply and the cycling index were greater in the mixed district than in the specialized districts. However, even if the local supply was generally high (85%, 52% and 54% for N, P and K inflows in the mixed district, respectively), the cycling index remained low (5%, 20% and 10% for N, P and K in the mixed district), indicating that most flows among farms were one-way and not actual nutrient recycling. This study contributes to the understanding of the magnitude, conditions and factors of nutrient recycling in agriculture at the local scale.
Australian Journal of Crop Science
The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of early growth behaviors under conditions of P d... more The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of early growth behaviors under conditions of P deficiency on further performances at the end of the vegetative phase of different Zea mays L. genotypes. The effects of soil P availability on biomass and P allocation during early growth and its effects on further performances were investigated on six maize genotypes which were chosen for their growth and development traits in response to P availability. Plants were grown under two contrasting P supplies and collected at 393°Cd and 780°Cd after emergence. Shoot and root growth, root:shoot allometric indicators and efficiencies related to P uptake and utilization, carbon (C) assimilation and allocation were determined. The results showed that the behavior of the six–leave-stage plants was a determining indicator of plant performance at the pre-anthesis phase. Total dry weight of the different maize genotypes ranged from 8.3 to 19.2 g/plant under low P supply at 780°Cd. At 393°Cd, extreme...
As the principal cause of climate change, reducing net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has become ... more As the principal cause of climate change, reducing net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has become a major objective. The agricultural sector will be required to contribute to this objective, along with other economic sectors. But the specific characteristics of agricultural greenhouse gases make them difficult to quantify and control.
Plant and Soil, 2004
... Lionel Jordan-Meille1,2 & Sylvain Pellerin1 1INRA, Unité mixte de recherche INRA-ENIT... more ... Lionel Jordan-Meille1,2 & Sylvain Pellerin1 1INRA, Unité mixte de recherche INRA-ENITA 'Transfert sol-plante et cycle des éléments minéraux dans les écosyst`emes cultivés', Domaine de la Grande ... Only the length (Lv) was measured on visible, not fully expanded leaves. ...
Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2014
ABSTRACT Agricultural intensification over the last few decades has been accompanied by the exten... more ABSTRACT Agricultural intensification over the last few decades has been accompanied by the extensive use of anthropogenic phosphorus (P) derived from mined phosphate rock. Given the increasing scarcity of P resources, accurate estimates of the reliance of agriculture on anthropogenic P are required. Here, we propose a modeling approach for assessing the contribution of anthropogenic P to agricultural soil fertility and food production. We performed computations at country level and France was chosen as a typical Western European country with intensive agriculture. Four soil P pools were identified based on their bioavailability (labile vs. stable) and origin (anthropogenic vs. natural). Pool evolution between 1948 and 2009 was estimated by combining international databases and a simple biogeochemical model. An optimization procedure demonstrated the necessity of representing a stable P pool capable of replenishing the labile pool within 14 to 33 years in order to match country-scale observations. Mean simulated P pool sizes for 2009 (0–35 cm soil horizon) were 146, 616, 31 and 156 kgP/ha for natural stable, anthropogenic stable, natural labile and anthropogenic labile pools, respectively. We found that, on average 82% (min-max: 68–91%) of soil P (sum of labile and above defined stable) in that year was anthropogenic. The temporal evolution of this contribution is directly related to the integral of chemical fertilizer use over time, starting from 1948. The contribution of anthropogenic P to food production was similar at 84% (min-max: 72–91%), which is greater than budget-based estimates (~50–60%) commonly reported in the literature. By focusing on soil fertility and food production, this study provides a quantitative estimation of human perturbations of the P cycle in agroecosystems.
Plant and Soil, 2003
The relationship between soil K supply, characterised by the soil solution K concentration and th... more The relationship between soil K supply, characterised by the soil solution K concentration and the soil K buffer power, and plant K status was investigated for field grown crops. The study was carried out in 15 K fertilisation trials with maize and wheat covering a wide range of agricultural soils and K level. Soil K buffer power was obtained through
Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 2014
Ecological Modelling, 2008
Nutrient uptake Phosphorus Zea mays L.
New Zealand Journal of Ecology
Common gorse (Ulex europaeus) is one of the most invasive species worldwide. Biological control o... more Common gorse (Ulex europaeus) is one of the most invasive species worldwide. Biological control of gorse by two pre-dispersal seed predators (the weevil Exapion ulicis and the moth Cydia succedana) is used in New Zealand. Gorse shrubs are distributed along wide natural gradients, and this could influence seed predation. The aim of this study was to identify factors that influence seed predation along two natural gradients, of light availability and gorse density. Seed predation was studied in the native range of the species, in south-west France. A total of 140 shrubs in stands with different irradiance and population densities were monitored. The number of seeds damaged was determined at different scales: the pod, the shrub and the gorse stand. The multi-scale analysis revealed that weevil activity increased with the quantity of gorse seeds produced, mainly at the pod and plot scales. The moth appeared satiated by abundant seed production at the bush and plot scales. In addition, moth activity was maintained in shady plots where weevil activity decreased. On the whole predation intensity was high and varied little along the density gradient (about 60-80% of seeds destroyed). Conversely, predation intensity decreased significantly with shade (from about 80% in full-light plots to 25% of seeds destroyed in the shadiest plots). These results could help predict the impact of pre-dispersal seed predation on the dynamics of gorse populations along environmental gradients. The activity of the moth appeared to be complementary to that of the weevil because it was maintained where the weevil was rare (i.e. in shady environments). Thus, the joint presence of the two predators may be helpful in the context of biological control of gorse.
Text S1. Non-simulated fluxes. The fluxes that were not simulated were P fluxes in chemical ferti... more Text S1. Non-simulated fluxes. The fluxes that were not simulated were P fluxes in chemical fertilizer, manures, feed and fodder, spread sludges and losses, all of which were estimated from available datasets or observations by multiplying the material fluxes by the corresponding P content.
S2 File . Rate of symbiotic nitrogen fixation (%N dfa ) and N and P contents of gorse seedlings i... more S2 File . Rate of symbiotic nitrogen fixation (%N dfa ) and N and P contents of gorse seedlings in response to P fertilisation.
La gestion des éléments minéraux est un élément clé de la conduite des systèmes de culture biolog... more La gestion des éléments minéraux est un élément clé de la conduite des systèmes de culture biologique. Le cahier des charges européen de l'agriculture biologique interdit strictement l'utilisation des engrais de synthèse. Toutefois, il autorise l'usage de certains produits issus de l'agriculture conventionnelle. Dans cette étude, nous avons quantifié l'intensité des importations d'azote (N), de phosphore (P) et de potassium (K) provenant de l'agriculture conventionnelle pour 63 exploitations biologiques réparties dans trois régions agricoles françaises définies par leurs orientations de productions (productions végétales, productions animales ou mixte). Les entrées en provenance de l'agriculture conventionnelle correspondent respectivement à 23 %, 73 % et 53 % des importations de N, P et K. Ces entrées sont principalement expliquées par les systèmes de production des exploitations et sont positivement corrélées à la demande en fertilisants de ces exploitations.
Soil Use and Management, 2015
Total phosphorus (TP) build-up in agricultural soils represents both a threat to aquatic ecosyste... more Total phosphorus (TP) build-up in agricultural soils represents both a threat to aquatic ecosystems and a valuable resource for future crop production, given the context of increasing food demand combined with the rapid depletion of the world's phosphate reserves. Therefore, it is crucially important (i) to identify the main factors controlling topsoil TP and (ii) to develop methods for mapping its spatial distribution. Multiple linear regression models were used with two distinct approaches to calculate TP and covariates linked to the P cycle. Firstly, covariates were selected from the R eseau de Mesures de la Qualit e des Sols database, the French soil monitoring network, which consists of soil samples collected from 2158 sites on a 16-km regular grid. Secondly, covariates were selected to map TP from spatially exhaustive datasets in France. The first approach explains 80% of variability in topsoil TP. The variables selected are linked to the autochthonous origin of P (parent material), to allochthonous origin (organic carbon and nitrogen contents) and to the retention capacity of soil (Al, Fe, Ca and clay contents). The predicted map obtained from the second approach provides a mean TP of 0.76 g/kg. This study demonstrates that creating national scale maps of TP, based on detailed soil sampling and many variables, is feasible and can be used to model the P cycle and P transfer processes. Such maps can be used in P erosion and transfer models over river basins, and therefore to predict P exports to surface waters.
Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2015
Many authors have focused on the contribution of inner farm nutrient recycling to closed nutrient... more Many authors have focused on the contribution of inner farm nutrient recycling to closed nutrient cycles, but little is known about the contribution of exchanges among farms to nutrient cycling. By using a network approach, we assessed the structure of farm mass flows networks and their consequences for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) recycling in organic farming at the local scale. Organic farming was considered as a prototype of farming systems that aims at better closing nutrient cycles. Inflows and outflows were collected for two cropping years on 63 organic farms. The farms were located in three French agricultural districts with areas ranging from 520 to 1021 km 2 and differentiated by their degree of specialization (specialized in crop production, animal production, or mixed). Local nutrient recycling was assessed at the district scale through: (i) the local supply, defined as the ratio of the amount of nutrients from exchanges among farms plus the amount of nitrogen from atmospheric sources, to the sum of inputs to organic farms; and (ii) the cycling index, defined as the fraction of nutrients flowing at least twice through the same farms. Results showed that exchanges among farms were mainly shortdistance exchanges (<50 km on average) and contributed up to 70% of farm nutrient inflow. Mass flows among farms were two to four times greater in the mixed district than in specialized districts. As a consequence, both the local supply and the cycling index were greater in the mixed district than in the specialized districts. However, even if the local supply was generally high (85%, 52% and 54% for N, P and K inflows in the mixed district, respectively), the cycling index remained low (5%, 20% and 10% for N, P and K in the mixed district), indicating that most flows among farms were one-way and not actual nutrient recycling. This study contributes to the understanding of the magnitude, conditions and factors of nutrient recycling in agriculture at the local scale.
Australian Journal of Crop Science
The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of early growth behaviors under conditions of P d... more The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of early growth behaviors under conditions of P deficiency on further performances at the end of the vegetative phase of different Zea mays L. genotypes. The effects of soil P availability on biomass and P allocation during early growth and its effects on further performances were investigated on six maize genotypes which were chosen for their growth and development traits in response to P availability. Plants were grown under two contrasting P supplies and collected at 393°Cd and 780°Cd after emergence. Shoot and root growth, root:shoot allometric indicators and efficiencies related to P uptake and utilization, carbon (C) assimilation and allocation were determined. The results showed that the behavior of the six–leave-stage plants was a determining indicator of plant performance at the pre-anthesis phase. Total dry weight of the different maize genotypes ranged from 8.3 to 19.2 g/plant under low P supply at 780°Cd. At 393°Cd, extreme...
As the principal cause of climate change, reducing net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has become ... more As the principal cause of climate change, reducing net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has become a major objective. The agricultural sector will be required to contribute to this objective, along with other economic sectors. But the specific characteristics of agricultural greenhouse gases make them difficult to quantify and control.
Plant and Soil, 2004
... Lionel Jordan-Meille1,2 & Sylvain Pellerin1 1INRA, Unité mixte de recherche INRA-ENIT... more ... Lionel Jordan-Meille1,2 & Sylvain Pellerin1 1INRA, Unité mixte de recherche INRA-ENITA 'Transfert sol-plante et cycle des éléments minéraux dans les écosyst`emes cultivés', Domaine de la Grande ... Only the length (Lv) was measured on visible, not fully expanded leaves. ...
Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2014
ABSTRACT Agricultural intensification over the last few decades has been accompanied by the exten... more ABSTRACT Agricultural intensification over the last few decades has been accompanied by the extensive use of anthropogenic phosphorus (P) derived from mined phosphate rock. Given the increasing scarcity of P resources, accurate estimates of the reliance of agriculture on anthropogenic P are required. Here, we propose a modeling approach for assessing the contribution of anthropogenic P to agricultural soil fertility and food production. We performed computations at country level and France was chosen as a typical Western European country with intensive agriculture. Four soil P pools were identified based on their bioavailability (labile vs. stable) and origin (anthropogenic vs. natural). Pool evolution between 1948 and 2009 was estimated by combining international databases and a simple biogeochemical model. An optimization procedure demonstrated the necessity of representing a stable P pool capable of replenishing the labile pool within 14 to 33 years in order to match country-scale observations. Mean simulated P pool sizes for 2009 (0–35 cm soil horizon) were 146, 616, 31 and 156 kgP/ha for natural stable, anthropogenic stable, natural labile and anthropogenic labile pools, respectively. We found that, on average 82% (min-max: 68–91%) of soil P (sum of labile and above defined stable) in that year was anthropogenic. The temporal evolution of this contribution is directly related to the integral of chemical fertilizer use over time, starting from 1948. The contribution of anthropogenic P to food production was similar at 84% (min-max: 72–91%), which is greater than budget-based estimates (~50–60%) commonly reported in the literature. By focusing on soil fertility and food production, this study provides a quantitative estimation of human perturbations of the P cycle in agroecosystems.
Plant and Soil, 2003
The relationship between soil K supply, characterised by the soil solution K concentration and th... more The relationship between soil K supply, characterised by the soil solution K concentration and the soil K buffer power, and plant K status was investigated for field grown crops. The study was carried out in 15 K fertilisation trials with maize and wheat covering a wide range of agricultural soils and K level. Soil K buffer power was obtained through
Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 2014