T. Chodukowski - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by T. Chodukowski
Laser and Particle Beams, 2015
Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, 2015
EUV and X-ray Optics: Synergy between Laboratory and Space IV, 2015
Physics of Plasmas, 2015
ABSTRACT A comparative study of photoionized plasmas created by two soft X-ray and extreme ultrav... more ABSTRACT A comparative study of photoionized plasmas created by two soft X-ray and extreme ultraviolet (SXR/EUV) laser plasma sources with different parameters is presented. The two sources are based on double-stream Xe/He gas-puff targets irradiated with high (500 J/0.3 ns) and low energy (10 J/1 ns) laser pulses. In both cases, the SXR/EUV beam irradiated the gas stream, injected into a vacuum chamber synchronously with the radiation pulse. Irradiation of gases resulted in formation of photoionized plasmas emitting radiation in the SXR/EUV range. The measured Ne plasma radiation spectra are dominated by emission lines corresponding to radiative transitions in singly charged ions. A significant difference concerns origin of the lines: K-shell or L-shell emissions occur in case of the high and low energy irradiating system, respectively. In high energy system, the electron density measurements were also performed by laser interferometry, employing a femtosecond laser system. A maximum electron density for Ne plasma reached the value of 2·1018 cm−3. For the low energy system, a detection limit was too high for the interferometric measurements, thus only an upper estimation for electron density could be made.
Laser and Particle Beams, 2015
ABSTRACT This paper reports on properties of a plasma formed by sequential action of two laser be... more ABSTRACT This paper reports on properties of a plasma formed by sequential action of two laser beams on a flat target, simulating the conditions of shock-ignited inertial confinement fusion target exposure. The experiments were performed using planar targets consisting of a massive copper (Cu) plate coated with a thin plastic (CH) layer, which was irradiated by the 1ω PALS laser beam ( λ = 1.315 μm) at the energy of 250 J. The intensity of the fixed-energy laser beam was scaled by varying the focal spot radius. To imitate shock ignition conditions, the lower-intensity auxiliary 1ω beam created CH-pre-plasma which was irradiated by the main beam with a delay of 1.2 ns, thus generating a shock wave in the massive part of the target. To study the parameters of the plasma treated by the two-beam irradiation of the targets, a set of various diagnostics was applied, namely: (i) Two-channel polaro-interferometric system irradiated by the femtosecond laser (~40 fs), (ii) spectroscopic measurements in the X-ray range, (iii) two-dimensional (2D)-resolved imaging of the K α line emission from Cu, (iv) measurements of the ion emission by means of ion collectors, and (v) measurements of the volume of craters produced in a massive target providing information on the efficiency of the laser energy transfer to the shock wave. The 2D numerical simulations have been used to support the interpretation of experimental data. The general conclusion is that the fraction of the main laser beam energy deposited into the massive copper at two-beam irradiation decreases in comparison with the case of pre-plasma. The reason is that the pre-formed and expanding plasma deteriorates the efficiency of the energy transfer from the main laser pulse to a solid part of the targets by means of the fast electrons and the wave of an electron thermal conductivity.
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2012
Shock ignition (SI) is a new approach to Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) based on decoupling th... more Shock ignition (SI) is a new approach to Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) based on decoupling the compression and ignition phase. The last one relies on launching a strong shock through a high intensity laser spike (≤ 10 16 W/cm 2 ) at the end of compression. In this paper, first we described an experiment performed using the PALS iodine laser to study laser-target coupling and laser-plasma interaction in an intensity regime relevant for SI. A first beam with wavelength λ = 1.33 µm and low intensity was used to create an extended preformed plasma, and a second one with λ = 0.44 µm to create a strong shock. Several diagnostics characterized the preformed plasma and the interaction of the main pulse. Pressure up to 90 Mbar was inferred. In the last paper of the paper, we discuss the relevant steps, which can be followed in order to approach the demonstration of SI on laser facilities like LMJ.
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2016
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2016
Laser and Particle Beams, 2015
2012 Abstracts IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, 2012
2012 Abstracts IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, 2012
ABSTRACT form only given. In this contribution we present the results of experimental studies of ... more ABSTRACT form only given. In this contribution we present the results of experimental studies of the pinch evolution on the PF-1000. The calibrated magnetic probes in different radial positions were correlated with neutron production and with interferometry images. The characteristics of probe measurement of azimutal magnetic field on the PF-1000 were published in [1]. The transformations of the pinched column during different types of neutron production on this device were published in [2]. In this presentation the new results are presented using measurement of axial (Bz) and azimutal (Bϕ) component of magnetic field. The current layer imploding the dense plasma sheath is 2–3 cm thick with dominant part of the current out of the dense plasma sheath. This layer is composed from Bϕ and Bz component, Bz component is roughly 4 – 6 times lower. After achieving the minimal diameter of the plasma column the current layer penetrates into the dense plasma and at the start of explosion the total current layer is absorbed in the dense column. The formation and evolution of m=0 instability correlates with axial fluctuation of Bz. The Bz in the imploding necks decreases and in the expanding dense disks and plasmoids between them increases. The values of Bz reached 1–2 T, about 20% of the Bϕ values on the dense plasma column boundary. During the first neutron pulse the Bz field in the axis increases and during the dominant neutron production the Bz decreases.
Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, 2015
Laser and Particle Beams, 2015
ABSTRACT The effect of laser intensity on characteristics of the plasma ablated from a low-Z (CH)... more ABSTRACT The effect of laser intensity on characteristics of the plasma ablated from a low-Z (CH) planar target irradiated by a 250 ps, 0.438 μm laser pulse with the intensity of up to 10 16 W/cm 2 as well as on parameters of the laser-driven shock generated in the target for various scale-lengths of preformed plasma was investigated at the kilojoule Prague Asterix Laser System (PALS) laser facility. Characteristics of the plasma were measured with the use of 3-frame interferometry, ion diagnostics, an X-ray spectrometer, and K α imaging. Parameters of the shock generated in a Cl doped CH target by the intense 3ω laser pulse were inferred by numerical hydrodynamic simulations from the measurements of craters produced by the shock in the massive Cu target behind the CH layer. It was found that the pressure of the shock generated in the plastic layer is relatively weakly influenced by the preplasma (the pressure drop due to the preplasma presence is ∼10–20%) and at the pulse intensity of ∼10 16 W/cm 2 the maximum pressure reaches ∼80–90 Mbar. However, an increase in pressure of the shock with the laser intensity is slower than predicted by theory for a planar shock and the maximum pressure achieved in the experiment is by a factor of ∼2 lower than predicted by the theory. Both at the preplasma absence and presence, the laser-to-hot electrons energy conversion efficiency is small, ∼1% or below, and the influence of hot electrons on the generated shock is expected to be weak.
2010 Abstracts IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, 2010
Summary form only given. The plasma focus facilities are simple and effective sources of fast ion... more Summary form only given. The plasma focus facilities are simple and effective sources of fast ions [1]. Visualization of the column at the time of ion acceleration was performed on the PF-1000 device operating in the IPPLM Warsaw at the deuterium filling at the current of 2 MA and the neutron yield above 10 [2]. The visible interferometry and time
Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, 2014
Among various methods for the acceleration of dense plasmas the mechanism called laser-induced ca... more Among various methods for the acceleration of dense plasmas the mechanism called laser-induced cavity pressure acceleration (LICPA) is capable of achieving the highest energetic efficiency. In the LICPA scheme, a projectile placed in a cavity is accelerated along a guiding channel by the laser-induced thermal plasma pressure or by the radiation pressure of an intense laser radiation trapped in the cavity. This arrangement leads to a significant enhancement of the hydrodynamic or electromagnetic forces driving the projectile, relative to standard laser acceleration schemes. The aim of this paper is to review recent experimental and numerical works on LICPA with the emphasis on the acceleration of heavy plasma macroparticles and dense ion beams. The main experimental part concerns the research carried out at the kilojoule sub-nanosecond PALS laser facility in Prague. Our measurements performed at this facility, supported by advanced two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations, have demonstrated that the LICPA accelerator working in the long-pulse hydrodynamic regime can be a highly efficient tool for the acceleration of heavy plasma macroparticles to hyper-velocities and the generation of ultra-high-pressure (>100 Mbar) shocks through the collision of the macroparticle with a solid target. The energetic efficiency of the macroparticle acceleration and the shock generation has been found to be significantly higher than that for other laser-based methods used so far. Using particle-in-cell simulations it is shown that the LICPA scheme is highly efficient also in the short-pulse high-intensity regime and, in particular, may be used for production of intense ion beams of multi-MeV to GeV ion energies with the energetic efficiency of tens of per cent, much higher than for conventional laser acceleration schemes.
Laser and Particle Beams, 2015
ABSTRACT This paper aims at investigation of efficiency of an ablative plasma energy transfer int... more ABSTRACT This paper aims at investigation of efficiency of an ablative plasma energy transfer into a massive aluminum target using different atomic number ablators. For this reason, several target materials representing a wide range of atomic numbers ( Z = 3.5–73) were used. The experiment was carried out at the iodine Prague Asterix Laser System. The laser provided a 250 ps pulse with energy of 130 J at the third harmonic frequency ( λ 3 = 0.438 μm). To study the plasma stream configurations a four-frame X-ray pinhole camera was used. The electron temperature of the plasma in the near-surface target region was measured by means of an X-ray spectroscopy. The efficiency of the plasma energy transport to the target was determined via the crater volume measurement using the crater replica technique. The experimental results were compared with two-dimensional numerical simulations where the plasma dynamics was based on the one-fluid, two temperature model, including radiation transport in diffusive approximation and ionization kinetics. It was shown that the plasma expansion geometry plays an important role in the ablative plasma energy transfer into the target.
EUV and X-ray Optics: Synergy between Laboratory and Space IV, 2015
Physics of Plasmas, 2015
ABSTRACT A comparative study of photoionized plasmas created by two soft X-ray and extreme ultrav... more ABSTRACT A comparative study of photoionized plasmas created by two soft X-ray and extreme ultraviolet (SXR/EUV) laser plasma sources with different parameters is presented. The two sources are based on double-stream Xe/He gas-puff targets irradiated with high (500 J/0.3 ns) and low energy (10 J/1 ns) laser pulses. In both cases, the SXR/EUV beam irradiated the gas stream, injected into a vacuum chamber synchronously with the radiation pulse. Irradiation of gases resulted in formation of photoionized plasmas emitting radiation in the SXR/EUV range. The measured Ne plasma radiation spectra are dominated by emission lines corresponding to radiative transitions in singly charged ions. A significant difference concerns origin of the lines: K-shell or L-shell emissions occur in case of the high and low energy irradiating system, respectively. In high energy system, the electron density measurements were also performed by laser interferometry, employing a femtosecond laser system. A maximum electron density for Ne plasma reached the value of 2·1018 cm−3. For the low energy system, a detection limit was too high for the interferometric measurements, thus only an upper estimation for electron density could be made.
Laser and Particle Beams, 2015
Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, 2015
EUV and X-ray Optics: Synergy between Laboratory and Space IV, 2015
Physics of Plasmas, 2015
ABSTRACT A comparative study of photoionized plasmas created by two soft X-ray and extreme ultrav... more ABSTRACT A comparative study of photoionized plasmas created by two soft X-ray and extreme ultraviolet (SXR/EUV) laser plasma sources with different parameters is presented. The two sources are based on double-stream Xe/He gas-puff targets irradiated with high (500 J/0.3 ns) and low energy (10 J/1 ns) laser pulses. In both cases, the SXR/EUV beam irradiated the gas stream, injected into a vacuum chamber synchronously with the radiation pulse. Irradiation of gases resulted in formation of photoionized plasmas emitting radiation in the SXR/EUV range. The measured Ne plasma radiation spectra are dominated by emission lines corresponding to radiative transitions in singly charged ions. A significant difference concerns origin of the lines: K-shell or L-shell emissions occur in case of the high and low energy irradiating system, respectively. In high energy system, the electron density measurements were also performed by laser interferometry, employing a femtosecond laser system. A maximum electron density for Ne plasma reached the value of 2·1018 cm−3. For the low energy system, a detection limit was too high for the interferometric measurements, thus only an upper estimation for electron density could be made.
Laser and Particle Beams, 2015
ABSTRACT This paper reports on properties of a plasma formed by sequential action of two laser be... more ABSTRACT This paper reports on properties of a plasma formed by sequential action of two laser beams on a flat target, simulating the conditions of shock-ignited inertial confinement fusion target exposure. The experiments were performed using planar targets consisting of a massive copper (Cu) plate coated with a thin plastic (CH) layer, which was irradiated by the 1ω PALS laser beam ( λ = 1.315 μm) at the energy of 250 J. The intensity of the fixed-energy laser beam was scaled by varying the focal spot radius. To imitate shock ignition conditions, the lower-intensity auxiliary 1ω beam created CH-pre-plasma which was irradiated by the main beam with a delay of 1.2 ns, thus generating a shock wave in the massive part of the target. To study the parameters of the plasma treated by the two-beam irradiation of the targets, a set of various diagnostics was applied, namely: (i) Two-channel polaro-interferometric system irradiated by the femtosecond laser (~40 fs), (ii) spectroscopic measurements in the X-ray range, (iii) two-dimensional (2D)-resolved imaging of the K α line emission from Cu, (iv) measurements of the ion emission by means of ion collectors, and (v) measurements of the volume of craters produced in a massive target providing information on the efficiency of the laser energy transfer to the shock wave. The 2D numerical simulations have been used to support the interpretation of experimental data. The general conclusion is that the fraction of the main laser beam energy deposited into the massive copper at two-beam irradiation decreases in comparison with the case of pre-plasma. The reason is that the pre-formed and expanding plasma deteriorates the efficiency of the energy transfer from the main laser pulse to a solid part of the targets by means of the fast electrons and the wave of an electron thermal conductivity.
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2012
Shock ignition (SI) is a new approach to Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) based on decoupling th... more Shock ignition (SI) is a new approach to Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) based on decoupling the compression and ignition phase. The last one relies on launching a strong shock through a high intensity laser spike (≤ 10 16 W/cm 2 ) at the end of compression. In this paper, first we described an experiment performed using the PALS iodine laser to study laser-target coupling and laser-plasma interaction in an intensity regime relevant for SI. A first beam with wavelength λ = 1.33 µm and low intensity was used to create an extended preformed plasma, and a second one with λ = 0.44 µm to create a strong shock. Several diagnostics characterized the preformed plasma and the interaction of the main pulse. Pressure up to 90 Mbar was inferred. In the last paper of the paper, we discuss the relevant steps, which can be followed in order to approach the demonstration of SI on laser facilities like LMJ.
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2016
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2016
Laser and Particle Beams, 2015
2012 Abstracts IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, 2012
2012 Abstracts IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, 2012
ABSTRACT form only given. In this contribution we present the results of experimental studies of ... more ABSTRACT form only given. In this contribution we present the results of experimental studies of the pinch evolution on the PF-1000. The calibrated magnetic probes in different radial positions were correlated with neutron production and with interferometry images. The characteristics of probe measurement of azimutal magnetic field on the PF-1000 were published in [1]. The transformations of the pinched column during different types of neutron production on this device were published in [2]. In this presentation the new results are presented using measurement of axial (Bz) and azimutal (Bϕ) component of magnetic field. The current layer imploding the dense plasma sheath is 2–3 cm thick with dominant part of the current out of the dense plasma sheath. This layer is composed from Bϕ and Bz component, Bz component is roughly 4 – 6 times lower. After achieving the minimal diameter of the plasma column the current layer penetrates into the dense plasma and at the start of explosion the total current layer is absorbed in the dense column. The formation and evolution of m=0 instability correlates with axial fluctuation of Bz. The Bz in the imploding necks decreases and in the expanding dense disks and plasmoids between them increases. The values of Bz reached 1–2 T, about 20% of the Bϕ values on the dense plasma column boundary. During the first neutron pulse the Bz field in the axis increases and during the dominant neutron production the Bz decreases.
Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, 2015
Laser and Particle Beams, 2015
ABSTRACT The effect of laser intensity on characteristics of the plasma ablated from a low-Z (CH)... more ABSTRACT The effect of laser intensity on characteristics of the plasma ablated from a low-Z (CH) planar target irradiated by a 250 ps, 0.438 μm laser pulse with the intensity of up to 10 16 W/cm 2 as well as on parameters of the laser-driven shock generated in the target for various scale-lengths of preformed plasma was investigated at the kilojoule Prague Asterix Laser System (PALS) laser facility. Characteristics of the plasma were measured with the use of 3-frame interferometry, ion diagnostics, an X-ray spectrometer, and K α imaging. Parameters of the shock generated in a Cl doped CH target by the intense 3ω laser pulse were inferred by numerical hydrodynamic simulations from the measurements of craters produced by the shock in the massive Cu target behind the CH layer. It was found that the pressure of the shock generated in the plastic layer is relatively weakly influenced by the preplasma (the pressure drop due to the preplasma presence is ∼10–20%) and at the pulse intensity of ∼10 16 W/cm 2 the maximum pressure reaches ∼80–90 Mbar. However, an increase in pressure of the shock with the laser intensity is slower than predicted by theory for a planar shock and the maximum pressure achieved in the experiment is by a factor of ∼2 lower than predicted by the theory. Both at the preplasma absence and presence, the laser-to-hot electrons energy conversion efficiency is small, ∼1% or below, and the influence of hot electrons on the generated shock is expected to be weak.
2010 Abstracts IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, 2010
Summary form only given. The plasma focus facilities are simple and effective sources of fast ion... more Summary form only given. The plasma focus facilities are simple and effective sources of fast ions [1]. Visualization of the column at the time of ion acceleration was performed on the PF-1000 device operating in the IPPLM Warsaw at the deuterium filling at the current of 2 MA and the neutron yield above 10 [2]. The visible interferometry and time
Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, 2014
Among various methods for the acceleration of dense plasmas the mechanism called laser-induced ca... more Among various methods for the acceleration of dense plasmas the mechanism called laser-induced cavity pressure acceleration (LICPA) is capable of achieving the highest energetic efficiency. In the LICPA scheme, a projectile placed in a cavity is accelerated along a guiding channel by the laser-induced thermal plasma pressure or by the radiation pressure of an intense laser radiation trapped in the cavity. This arrangement leads to a significant enhancement of the hydrodynamic or electromagnetic forces driving the projectile, relative to standard laser acceleration schemes. The aim of this paper is to review recent experimental and numerical works on LICPA with the emphasis on the acceleration of heavy plasma macroparticles and dense ion beams. The main experimental part concerns the research carried out at the kilojoule sub-nanosecond PALS laser facility in Prague. Our measurements performed at this facility, supported by advanced two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations, have demonstrated that the LICPA accelerator working in the long-pulse hydrodynamic regime can be a highly efficient tool for the acceleration of heavy plasma macroparticles to hyper-velocities and the generation of ultra-high-pressure (>100 Mbar) shocks through the collision of the macroparticle with a solid target. The energetic efficiency of the macroparticle acceleration and the shock generation has been found to be significantly higher than that for other laser-based methods used so far. Using particle-in-cell simulations it is shown that the LICPA scheme is highly efficient also in the short-pulse high-intensity regime and, in particular, may be used for production of intense ion beams of multi-MeV to GeV ion energies with the energetic efficiency of tens of per cent, much higher than for conventional laser acceleration schemes.
Laser and Particle Beams, 2015
ABSTRACT This paper aims at investigation of efficiency of an ablative plasma energy transfer int... more ABSTRACT This paper aims at investigation of efficiency of an ablative plasma energy transfer into a massive aluminum target using different atomic number ablators. For this reason, several target materials representing a wide range of atomic numbers ( Z = 3.5–73) were used. The experiment was carried out at the iodine Prague Asterix Laser System. The laser provided a 250 ps pulse with energy of 130 J at the third harmonic frequency ( λ 3 = 0.438 μm). To study the plasma stream configurations a four-frame X-ray pinhole camera was used. The electron temperature of the plasma in the near-surface target region was measured by means of an X-ray spectroscopy. The efficiency of the plasma energy transport to the target was determined via the crater volume measurement using the crater replica technique. The experimental results were compared with two-dimensional numerical simulations where the plasma dynamics was based on the one-fluid, two temperature model, including radiation transport in diffusive approximation and ionization kinetics. It was shown that the plasma expansion geometry plays an important role in the ablative plasma energy transfer into the target.
EUV and X-ray Optics: Synergy between Laboratory and Space IV, 2015
Physics of Plasmas, 2015
ABSTRACT A comparative study of photoionized plasmas created by two soft X-ray and extreme ultrav... more ABSTRACT A comparative study of photoionized plasmas created by two soft X-ray and extreme ultraviolet (SXR/EUV) laser plasma sources with different parameters is presented. The two sources are based on double-stream Xe/He gas-puff targets irradiated with high (500 J/0.3 ns) and low energy (10 J/1 ns) laser pulses. In both cases, the SXR/EUV beam irradiated the gas stream, injected into a vacuum chamber synchronously with the radiation pulse. Irradiation of gases resulted in formation of photoionized plasmas emitting radiation in the SXR/EUV range. The measured Ne plasma radiation spectra are dominated by emission lines corresponding to radiative transitions in singly charged ions. A significant difference concerns origin of the lines: K-shell or L-shell emissions occur in case of the high and low energy irradiating system, respectively. In high energy system, the electron density measurements were also performed by laser interferometry, employing a femtosecond laser system. A maximum electron density for Ne plasma reached the value of 2·1018 cm−3. For the low energy system, a detection limit was too high for the interferometric measurements, thus only an upper estimation for electron density could be made.