T. Eliot - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by T. Eliot

Journal of Hospital Infection, 2003

Sixty coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CNS) isolates were recovered from the blood cultures or ... more Sixty coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CNS) isolates were recovered from the blood cultures or peritoneal dialysate effluent of 43 patients on renal dialysis. The patients had either renal dialysis catheter-related sepsis (CRS) or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)-associated peritonitis. Isolates were characterized by biotyping, and genotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Phenotypic properties of the strains were also investigated. Several genotypes were identified with no one specific strain of CNS being associated with CRS. However, closely related strains were isolated from several patients within the units studied, suggesting horizontal transfer of microorganisms. Genotypic macro-restriction profiles did not concur with phenotypic profiles or biotypes, confirming that genotyping is required for epidemiological studies. All staphylococcal strains were investigated for the production of phenotypic characteristics. Significant differences were predominantly seen in the production of lipase, esterase and elastase in strains isolated from the renal patients with CRS and CAPD-associated peritonitis, compared with a non-septic control group. These phenotypic characteristics may therefore have a role in the maintenance of CRS in renal patients.

Journal of Hospital Infection, 2007

www.elsevierhealth.com/journals/jhin reduces the internal microbial contamination rate of CVC lue... more www.elsevierhealth.com/journals/jhin reduces the internal microbial contamination rate of CVC luers compared with standard caps. The use of such needle-free devices may therefore reduce the intraluminal risk of catheter-related bloodstream infection and thereby supplement current preventive guidelines.

Murder in the Cathedral, written for the Canterbury Festival on 1935, was the first high point on... more Murder in the Cathedral, written for the Canterbury Festival on 1935, was the first high point on T. S. Eliot's dramatic achievement. It remains one of the great plays of the century. Like Greek drama, its theme and form are rooted in religion and ritual purgation and renewal, and it was this return to the earliest sources of drama that brought poetry triumphantly back to the English stage. Though best known for his poetry, T.S. Eliot was also an accomplished playwright. Murder in the Cathedral is a beautiful, haunting poetic take on the martyrdom of Archbishop Thomas Becket in 1170. Becket sees his death coming, but embraces it. This strange duality – a martyr’s death as both tragic and glorious – serves as the basis for the action.

The basalts of eastern Sao Miguel are founder members of the mantle radiogenic isotope flavour th... more The basalts of eastern Sao Miguel are founder members of the mantle radiogenic isotope flavour that has come to be known as EMII. The highly radiogenic 87Sr/86Sr (~0.705) and coupled low εNd (~+1) have long been taken to be an indication of a sediment contribution to source of these and other EMII basalts. Elevated 208Pb/204Pb and 207Pb/204Pb relative to 206Pb/204Pb

Charge-Coupled Devices and Solid State Optical Sensors, 1990

This paper reports on two new advancements in CCD technology. The first area of development has p... more This paper reports on two new advancements in CCD technology. The first area of development has produced a special purpose CCD designed for ultra low-signal level imaging and spectroscopy applications that require subelectron read noise floors. A nondestructive output circuit operating near its 1/f noise regime is clocked in a special manner to read a single pixel multiple times. Off-chip electronics average the multiple values, reducing the random noise by the square-root of the number of samples taken. Noise floors below 0.5 electrons rms are reported. The second development involves the design and performance of a high resolution imager of 4096x 4096 pixels, the largest CCD manufactured in terms of pixel count. The device utilizes a 7.5-micron pixel fabricated with three-level poly-silicon to achieve high yield.

The Modern Language Review, 1971

The Journal of Immunology, 2011

full#ref-list-1 , 39 of which you can access for free at: cites 74 articles This article average ... more full#ref-list-1 , 39 of which you can access for free at: cites 74 articles This article average * 4 weeks from acceptance to publication Fast Publication! • Every submission reviewed by practicing scientists No Triage! • from submission to initial decision Rapid Reviews! 30 days* • Submit online.

Journal of Hospital Infection, 2002

Journal of Hospital Infection, 2006

Background: The number of cases of Clostridium difficile associated disease has risen significant... more Background: The number of cases of Clostridium difficile associated disease has risen significantly over the past decade and C. difficile is now the leading cause of nosocomial diarrhoea. One contributing factor to the increasing incidence is the persistence of C. difficile spores in the clinical environment which is associated with their resistance to many common disinfectants (e.g. alcohol-based products). Many disinfectants that eliminate C. difficile spores, including bleach, iodine and aldehydes are hazardous to the healthcare worker. However, it is well recognized that germination of bacterial spores is associated with increased susceptibility to many antimicrobials, including disinfectants. Aims: The aim of this investigation was to determine if germination of C. difficile spores increased their susceptibility to 70% ethanol. Methods: A carrier test system was designed comprising germination of C. difficile spores with 0.1% (w/v) sodium taurocholate in thioglycolate medium for 30 minutes followed by exposure to 70% (v/v) ethanol. Viability of C. difficile spores was subsequently determined by culturing suspensions on Fastidious Anaerobic agar. Two control carrier systems comprising saline replacing either 0.1% sodium taurocholate prior to germination or 70% ethanol post germination were also included. Results: A 2-log reduction in germinating C. difficile spores was achieved within 60 minutes following exposure to 70% ethanol. There was no reduction in the number of C. difficile spores in control carrier test systems. Discussion: These preliminary results suggest that germination of C. difficile spores increases their susceptibility to 70% ethanol and therefore potentially other disinfectants commonly used in the clinical setting. A two-stage cleaning process comprising germination followed by disinfection may offer an alternative approach to reducing C. difficile spores. Additional studies are required to further investigate these initial findings.

Journal of Hospital Infection, 2006

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2008

Persistent contamination of surfaces by spores of Clostridium difficile is a major factor influen... more Persistent contamination of surfaces by spores of Clostridium difficile is a major factor influencing the spread of C. difficile-associated diarrhoea (CDAD) in the clinical setting. In recent years, the antimicrobial efficacy of metal surfaces has been investigated against microorganisms including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. This study compared the survival of C. difficile on stainless steel, a metal contact surface widely used in hospitals, and copper surfaces. Methods: Antimicrobial efficacy was assessed using a carrier test method against dormant spores, germinating spores and vegetative cells of C. difficile (NCTC 11204 and ribotype 027) over a 3 h period in the presence and absence of organic matter. Results: Copper metal eliminated all vegetative cells of C. difficile within 30 min, compared with stainless steel which demonstrated no antimicrobial activity (P < 0.05). Copper significantly reduced the viability of spores of C. difficile exposed to the germinant (sodium taurocholate) in aerobic conditions within 60 min (P < 0.05) while achieving a !2.5 log reduction (99.8% reduction) at 3 h. Organic material did not reduce the antimicrobial efficacy of the copper surface (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The use of copper surfaces within the clinical environment and application of a germination solution in infection control procedures may offer a novel way forward in eliminating C. difficile from contaminated surfaces and reducing CDAD.

International Orthopaedics, 2008

The purpose of this study was to show the significance of a positive Propionibacterium acnes samp... more The purpose of this study was to show the significance of a positive Propionibacterium acnes sample around a joint replacement. Records from the microbiology laboratory data over a 3-year period were reviewed to identify patients with prosthetic joints from whom Propionibacterium acnes was isolated at least once. The medical records of all those patients were retrieved and the demographic, clinical, microbiological and haematological data were collected and examined. The preoperative values of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were recorded. Fifty patients underwent a routine revision of a joint arthroplasty; six patients had a joint aspiration. Only one patient had further revision surgery for infection. The preoperative values of ESR and CRP were very variable. The presence of a positive sample around a joint arthroplasty is of uncertain significance. Further studies are needed in order to establish uniform criteria for the diagnosis of infection caused by Propionibacterium acnes. Résumé Le propos de cette étude était de montrer l'importance de la présence autour d'une prothèse articulaire de propionibactério acnes. L'étude des données d'un laboratoire de microbiologie sur une période de trois ans a permis d'identifier les patients porteurs de prothèses articulaires et pour lesquels la propionibactério acnes a été isolée au moins une fois. Les données médicales de ces patients mais aussi les données cliniques, microbiologiques, hématologiques ont été collectées et examinées de même que les valeurs pré-opératoires de la CRP et de l'ESR. 50 patients ont été revus, six avaient nécessité une aspiration articulaire et un une révision chirurgicale pour infection. Les valeurs préopératoires de l'ESR et de la CRP sont variables. La présence autour d'une articulation de propionibactério acnes a une signification très incertaine. Il sera nécessaire de pratiquer des études ultérieures de façon à établir les critères du diagnostic d'une infection secondaire à propionibactério acnes.

Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2008

X-ray tomography (CT scanning) is widely used by the health community to obtain three-dimensional... more X-ray tomography (CT scanning) is widely used by the health community to obtain three-dimensional images of the human anatomy. Its strength lies in its being a non-destructive technique that can investigate the internal structure of the human body and other materials, including soil. The research to be presented builds on extensive CT investigation of the structure of intact natural soil cores, using a CT unit specially designed for investigation of soil materials. With the design of an appropriate temperature control system, the CT unit has been modified so that the structure of intact frozen soil samples can be investigated. This research investigates the changes in structure and the redistribution of water to form ice lenses in saturated samples of an Aurora silt loam frost-susceptible soil that were thoroughly mixed to produce an initially homogeneous material, and of a Honeywood silt loam that was deliberately contaminated with motor oil. The soils were subjected to relatively rapid, downward freezing, with access to water at their base. Preliminary results indicate that CT can produce excellent images (even without digital filtering) of the ice lens distribution within a frozen silt loam soil, the consolidation of soil between the ice lenses, and the effects of hydrocarbon contamination. Ice lenses of less than 1 mm thickness can be detected. Image analysis techniques used to improve image quality in medical CT analysis and in remote sensing are being investigated.

Clinical Oncology, 2011

radiotherapy. Seventy-eight patients (86.7%) underwent a wide local excision (WLE) with 12 patien... more radiotherapy. Seventy-eight patients (86.7%) underwent a wide local excision (WLE) with 12 patients (13.3%) treated with an oncoplastic surgical procedure (WLE with glandular reshaping, n ¼ 8; WLE with Grisotti flap, n ¼ 2; or therapeutic mammoplasty, n ¼ 2). Of the 90 patients, 13 (14.4%) underwent a re-excision. Mean CTV for the WLE alone group was 150.6 cc (95% CI 135.0, 166.2) and for the oncoplastic group was 168.1 cc (95% CI 80.0, 256.3). This difference was not statistically significant (P ¼ 0.831). There was also no statistically significant difference (P ¼ 0.278) between the CTV of the group requiring a re-excision, with a mean CTV 130.9 cc (95% CI 103.3, 158.5) and those not requiring a re-excision, mean CTV 156.6 cc (95% CI 137.3, 176.0). Conclusions: Accuracy of breast radiotherapy is important for tumour control probability and targeting of the CTV is aided by placement of surgical clips and postoperative CT scanning. In this cohort, the CTV for potential boost irradiation appears not to be significantly influenced by surgical technique, or the need for re-excision.

AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, Dec 1, 2010

The release and transport of fluids in subduction zones affect many fundamental Earth processes. ... more The release and transport of fluids in subduction zones affect many fundamental Earth processes. The Catalina Schist subduction zone mélange is thought to have been a zone of fluid flow and mechanical mixing between the downgoing subducting slab and overlying mantle wedge. Study of rocks from this mélange zone can help elucidate processes of fluid release and transport occurring within subduction zones. Lithium is a fluid-mobile element which shows large variations in concentration and isotopic composition in ...

John Gerard Braine, a well known figure of the mid nineteen fifty"s "angry young man mo... more John Gerard Braine, a well known figure of the mid nineteen fifty"s "angry young man movement" had come up in the literary platform with a dedicated mind to paint the blackest face of society with the color of post war enigma, mingled bitterness, sexual lust, hypocrisy and betrayal. The struggling experience of his real life provided him the essential impulses to create something of his own and it got expression through his bulky of literary creation. Braine, like most of his contemporary writers, took the initiative avocation for the social upliftment of lower class people in his debut novel Room at the Top. He, in the aim of giving momentum and a variation to the "angry young man movement", had put forth his image of angry young man, with a subtle touch of different attitude into the central character namely Joe Lampton, an ambitious young man preoccupied with the desire of upward social mobility. Even amidst the overwhelming socio-economical crisis and ai...

Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2005

Staphylococcus epidermidis causes infections associated with medical devices including central ve... more Staphylococcus epidermidis causes infections associated with medical devices including central venous catheters, orthopaedic prosthetic joints and artificial heart valves. This coagulase-negative staphylococcus produces a conventional cellular lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and also releases a shortglycerophosphate-chain-length form of LTA (previously termed lipid S) into the medium during growth. The relative pro-inflammatory activities of cellular and short-chain-length exocellular LTA were investigated in comparison with peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid from S. epidermidis and LPS from Escherichia coli O111. The ability of these components to stimulate the production of proinflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1â, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-AE] and nitric oxide was investigated in a murine macrophage-like cell line (J774.2), and in peritoneal and splenic macrophages. On a weight-for-weight basis the short-chain-length exocellular LTA was the most active of the S. epidermidis products, stimulating significant amounts of each of the inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide, although it was approximately 100-fold less active than LPS from E. coli. By comparison the full-chain-length cellular LTA and peptidoglycan were less active and the wall teichoic acid had no activity. As an exocellular product potentially released from S. epidermidis biofilms, the short-chain-length exocellular LTA may act as the prime mediator of the host inflammatory response to device-related infection by this organism and act as the Gram-positive equivalent of LPS in Gram-negative sepsis. The understanding of the role of short-chain-length exocellular LTA in Gram-positive sepsis may lead to improved treatment strategies.

Journal of Hospital Infection, 2006

Journal of Hospital Infection, 2003

Sixty coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CNS) isolates were recovered from the blood cultures or ... more Sixty coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CNS) isolates were recovered from the blood cultures or peritoneal dialysate effluent of 43 patients on renal dialysis. The patients had either renal dialysis catheter-related sepsis (CRS) or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)-associated peritonitis. Isolates were characterized by biotyping, and genotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Phenotypic properties of the strains were also investigated. Several genotypes were identified with no one specific strain of CNS being associated with CRS. However, closely related strains were isolated from several patients within the units studied, suggesting horizontal transfer of microorganisms. Genotypic macro-restriction profiles did not concur with phenotypic profiles or biotypes, confirming that genotyping is required for epidemiological studies. All staphylococcal strains were investigated for the production of phenotypic characteristics. Significant differences were predominantly seen in the production of lipase, esterase and elastase in strains isolated from the renal patients with CRS and CAPD-associated peritonitis, compared with a non-septic control group. These phenotypic characteristics may therefore have a role in the maintenance of CRS in renal patients.

Journal of Hospital Infection, 2007

www.elsevierhealth.com/journals/jhin reduces the internal microbial contamination rate of CVC lue... more www.elsevierhealth.com/journals/jhin reduces the internal microbial contamination rate of CVC luers compared with standard caps. The use of such needle-free devices may therefore reduce the intraluminal risk of catheter-related bloodstream infection and thereby supplement current preventive guidelines.

Murder in the Cathedral, written for the Canterbury Festival on 1935, was the first high point on... more Murder in the Cathedral, written for the Canterbury Festival on 1935, was the first high point on T. S. Eliot's dramatic achievement. It remains one of the great plays of the century. Like Greek drama, its theme and form are rooted in religion and ritual purgation and renewal, and it was this return to the earliest sources of drama that brought poetry triumphantly back to the English stage. Though best known for his poetry, T.S. Eliot was also an accomplished playwright. Murder in the Cathedral is a beautiful, haunting poetic take on the martyrdom of Archbishop Thomas Becket in 1170. Becket sees his death coming, but embraces it. This strange duality – a martyr’s death as both tragic and glorious – serves as the basis for the action.

The basalts of eastern Sao Miguel are founder members of the mantle radiogenic isotope flavour th... more The basalts of eastern Sao Miguel are founder members of the mantle radiogenic isotope flavour that has come to be known as EMII. The highly radiogenic 87Sr/86Sr (~0.705) and coupled low εNd (~+1) have long been taken to be an indication of a sediment contribution to source of these and other EMII basalts. Elevated 208Pb/204Pb and 207Pb/204Pb relative to 206Pb/204Pb

Charge-Coupled Devices and Solid State Optical Sensors, 1990

This paper reports on two new advancements in CCD technology. The first area of development has p... more This paper reports on two new advancements in CCD technology. The first area of development has produced a special purpose CCD designed for ultra low-signal level imaging and spectroscopy applications that require subelectron read noise floors. A nondestructive output circuit operating near its 1/f noise regime is clocked in a special manner to read a single pixel multiple times. Off-chip electronics average the multiple values, reducing the random noise by the square-root of the number of samples taken. Noise floors below 0.5 electrons rms are reported. The second development involves the design and performance of a high resolution imager of 4096x 4096 pixels, the largest CCD manufactured in terms of pixel count. The device utilizes a 7.5-micron pixel fabricated with three-level poly-silicon to achieve high yield.

The Modern Language Review, 1971

The Journal of Immunology, 2011

full#ref-list-1 , 39 of which you can access for free at: cites 74 articles This article average ... more full#ref-list-1 , 39 of which you can access for free at: cites 74 articles This article average * 4 weeks from acceptance to publication Fast Publication! • Every submission reviewed by practicing scientists No Triage! • from submission to initial decision Rapid Reviews! 30 days* • Submit online.

Journal of Hospital Infection, 2002

Journal of Hospital Infection, 2006

Background: The number of cases of Clostridium difficile associated disease has risen significant... more Background: The number of cases of Clostridium difficile associated disease has risen significantly over the past decade and C. difficile is now the leading cause of nosocomial diarrhoea. One contributing factor to the increasing incidence is the persistence of C. difficile spores in the clinical environment which is associated with their resistance to many common disinfectants (e.g. alcohol-based products). Many disinfectants that eliminate C. difficile spores, including bleach, iodine and aldehydes are hazardous to the healthcare worker. However, it is well recognized that germination of bacterial spores is associated with increased susceptibility to many antimicrobials, including disinfectants. Aims: The aim of this investigation was to determine if germination of C. difficile spores increased their susceptibility to 70% ethanol. Methods: A carrier test system was designed comprising germination of C. difficile spores with 0.1% (w/v) sodium taurocholate in thioglycolate medium for 30 minutes followed by exposure to 70% (v/v) ethanol. Viability of C. difficile spores was subsequently determined by culturing suspensions on Fastidious Anaerobic agar. Two control carrier systems comprising saline replacing either 0.1% sodium taurocholate prior to germination or 70% ethanol post germination were also included. Results: A 2-log reduction in germinating C. difficile spores was achieved within 60 minutes following exposure to 70% ethanol. There was no reduction in the number of C. difficile spores in control carrier test systems. Discussion: These preliminary results suggest that germination of C. difficile spores increases their susceptibility to 70% ethanol and therefore potentially other disinfectants commonly used in the clinical setting. A two-stage cleaning process comprising germination followed by disinfection may offer an alternative approach to reducing C. difficile spores. Additional studies are required to further investigate these initial findings.

Journal of Hospital Infection, 2006

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2008

Persistent contamination of surfaces by spores of Clostridium difficile is a major factor influen... more Persistent contamination of surfaces by spores of Clostridium difficile is a major factor influencing the spread of C. difficile-associated diarrhoea (CDAD) in the clinical setting. In recent years, the antimicrobial efficacy of metal surfaces has been investigated against microorganisms including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. This study compared the survival of C. difficile on stainless steel, a metal contact surface widely used in hospitals, and copper surfaces. Methods: Antimicrobial efficacy was assessed using a carrier test method against dormant spores, germinating spores and vegetative cells of C. difficile (NCTC 11204 and ribotype 027) over a 3 h period in the presence and absence of organic matter. Results: Copper metal eliminated all vegetative cells of C. difficile within 30 min, compared with stainless steel which demonstrated no antimicrobial activity (P < 0.05). Copper significantly reduced the viability of spores of C. difficile exposed to the germinant (sodium taurocholate) in aerobic conditions within 60 min (P < 0.05) while achieving a !2.5 log reduction (99.8% reduction) at 3 h. Organic material did not reduce the antimicrobial efficacy of the copper surface (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The use of copper surfaces within the clinical environment and application of a germination solution in infection control procedures may offer a novel way forward in eliminating C. difficile from contaminated surfaces and reducing CDAD.

International Orthopaedics, 2008

The purpose of this study was to show the significance of a positive Propionibacterium acnes samp... more The purpose of this study was to show the significance of a positive Propionibacterium acnes sample around a joint replacement. Records from the microbiology laboratory data over a 3-year period were reviewed to identify patients with prosthetic joints from whom Propionibacterium acnes was isolated at least once. The medical records of all those patients were retrieved and the demographic, clinical, microbiological and haematological data were collected and examined. The preoperative values of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were recorded. Fifty patients underwent a routine revision of a joint arthroplasty; six patients had a joint aspiration. Only one patient had further revision surgery for infection. The preoperative values of ESR and CRP were very variable. The presence of a positive sample around a joint arthroplasty is of uncertain significance. Further studies are needed in order to establish uniform criteria for the diagnosis of infection caused by Propionibacterium acnes. Résumé Le propos de cette étude était de montrer l'importance de la présence autour d'une prothèse articulaire de propionibactério acnes. L'étude des données d'un laboratoire de microbiologie sur une période de trois ans a permis d'identifier les patients porteurs de prothèses articulaires et pour lesquels la propionibactério acnes a été isolée au moins une fois. Les données médicales de ces patients mais aussi les données cliniques, microbiologiques, hématologiques ont été collectées et examinées de même que les valeurs pré-opératoires de la CRP et de l'ESR. 50 patients ont été revus, six avaient nécessité une aspiration articulaire et un une révision chirurgicale pour infection. Les valeurs préopératoires de l'ESR et de la CRP sont variables. La présence autour d'une articulation de propionibactério acnes a une signification très incertaine. Il sera nécessaire de pratiquer des études ultérieures de façon à établir les critères du diagnostic d'une infection secondaire à propionibactério acnes.

Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2008

X-ray tomography (CT scanning) is widely used by the health community to obtain three-dimensional... more X-ray tomography (CT scanning) is widely used by the health community to obtain three-dimensional images of the human anatomy. Its strength lies in its being a non-destructive technique that can investigate the internal structure of the human body and other materials, including soil. The research to be presented builds on extensive CT investigation of the structure of intact natural soil cores, using a CT unit specially designed for investigation of soil materials. With the design of an appropriate temperature control system, the CT unit has been modified so that the structure of intact frozen soil samples can be investigated. This research investigates the changes in structure and the redistribution of water to form ice lenses in saturated samples of an Aurora silt loam frost-susceptible soil that were thoroughly mixed to produce an initially homogeneous material, and of a Honeywood silt loam that was deliberately contaminated with motor oil. The soils were subjected to relatively rapid, downward freezing, with access to water at their base. Preliminary results indicate that CT can produce excellent images (even without digital filtering) of the ice lens distribution within a frozen silt loam soil, the consolidation of soil between the ice lenses, and the effects of hydrocarbon contamination. Ice lenses of less than 1 mm thickness can be detected. Image analysis techniques used to improve image quality in medical CT analysis and in remote sensing are being investigated.

Clinical Oncology, 2011

radiotherapy. Seventy-eight patients (86.7%) underwent a wide local excision (WLE) with 12 patien... more radiotherapy. Seventy-eight patients (86.7%) underwent a wide local excision (WLE) with 12 patients (13.3%) treated with an oncoplastic surgical procedure (WLE with glandular reshaping, n ¼ 8; WLE with Grisotti flap, n ¼ 2; or therapeutic mammoplasty, n ¼ 2). Of the 90 patients, 13 (14.4%) underwent a re-excision. Mean CTV for the WLE alone group was 150.6 cc (95% CI 135.0, 166.2) and for the oncoplastic group was 168.1 cc (95% CI 80.0, 256.3). This difference was not statistically significant (P ¼ 0.831). There was also no statistically significant difference (P ¼ 0.278) between the CTV of the group requiring a re-excision, with a mean CTV 130.9 cc (95% CI 103.3, 158.5) and those not requiring a re-excision, mean CTV 156.6 cc (95% CI 137.3, 176.0). Conclusions: Accuracy of breast radiotherapy is important for tumour control probability and targeting of the CTV is aided by placement of surgical clips and postoperative CT scanning. In this cohort, the CTV for potential boost irradiation appears not to be significantly influenced by surgical technique, or the need for re-excision.

AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, Dec 1, 2010

The release and transport of fluids in subduction zones affect many fundamental Earth processes. ... more The release and transport of fluids in subduction zones affect many fundamental Earth processes. The Catalina Schist subduction zone mélange is thought to have been a zone of fluid flow and mechanical mixing between the downgoing subducting slab and overlying mantle wedge. Study of rocks from this mélange zone can help elucidate processes of fluid release and transport occurring within subduction zones. Lithium is a fluid-mobile element which shows large variations in concentration and isotopic composition in ...

John Gerard Braine, a well known figure of the mid nineteen fifty"s "angry young man mo... more John Gerard Braine, a well known figure of the mid nineteen fifty"s "angry young man movement" had come up in the literary platform with a dedicated mind to paint the blackest face of society with the color of post war enigma, mingled bitterness, sexual lust, hypocrisy and betrayal. The struggling experience of his real life provided him the essential impulses to create something of his own and it got expression through his bulky of literary creation. Braine, like most of his contemporary writers, took the initiative avocation for the social upliftment of lower class people in his debut novel Room at the Top. He, in the aim of giving momentum and a variation to the "angry young man movement", had put forth his image of angry young man, with a subtle touch of different attitude into the central character namely Joe Lampton, an ambitious young man preoccupied with the desire of upward social mobility. Even amidst the overwhelming socio-economical crisis and ai...

Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2005

Staphylococcus epidermidis causes infections associated with medical devices including central ve... more Staphylococcus epidermidis causes infections associated with medical devices including central venous catheters, orthopaedic prosthetic joints and artificial heart valves. This coagulase-negative staphylococcus produces a conventional cellular lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and also releases a shortglycerophosphate-chain-length form of LTA (previously termed lipid S) into the medium during growth. The relative pro-inflammatory activities of cellular and short-chain-length exocellular LTA were investigated in comparison with peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid from S. epidermidis and LPS from Escherichia coli O111. The ability of these components to stimulate the production of proinflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1â, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-AE] and nitric oxide was investigated in a murine macrophage-like cell line (J774.2), and in peritoneal and splenic macrophages. On a weight-for-weight basis the short-chain-length exocellular LTA was the most active of the S. epidermidis products, stimulating significant amounts of each of the inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide, although it was approximately 100-fold less active than LPS from E. coli. By comparison the full-chain-length cellular LTA and peptidoglycan were less active and the wall teichoic acid had no activity. As an exocellular product potentially released from S. epidermidis biofilms, the short-chain-length exocellular LTA may act as the prime mediator of the host inflammatory response to device-related infection by this organism and act as the Gram-positive equivalent of LPS in Gram-negative sepsis. The understanding of the role of short-chain-length exocellular LTA in Gram-positive sepsis may lead to improved treatment strategies.

Journal of Hospital Infection, 2006