Tamás Hajdu - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Tamás Hajdu
Hadak útján XXIV. : A népvándorláskor fiatal kutatóinak XXIV. konferenciája. Esztergom, 2014. november 4–6.
Az Alsónyéken és Dunaföldváron feltárt régészeti lelőhelyekről összesen 234 avar kori sírból kerü... more Az Alsónyéken és Dunaföldváron feltárt régészeti lelőhelyekről összesen 234 avar kori sírból kerültek elő emberi maradványok. A szériákban a történeti népességek körében általában gyakori, életmódra is utaló elváltozások közül több is előfordult. Három esetben a morfológiai elemzés alapján csonttuberkulózisos fertőzést feltételeztünk. Az alsónyéki anyagban a koponyák rossz megtartása miatt taxonómiai elemzést nem lehetett végezni. A dunaföldvári avar kori népességben kimutatott, az europidmongolid földrajzi változathoz sorolt egyéneknek köszönhetően a vizsgált népesség, taxonómiai összetételét tekintve, a térség más hasonló korú populációitól jelentősen eltér.
As the collapse of the Western Roman Empire accelerated during the 4th and 5th centuries, arrivin... more As the collapse of the Western Roman Empire accelerated during the 4th and 5th centuries, arriving “barbarian” groups began to establish new communities in the border provinces of the declining (and eventually former) empire. This was a time of significant cultural and political change throughout not only these border regions but Europe as a whole. To better understand post-Roman community formation in one of these key frontier zones after the collapse of the Hunnic movement, we generated new paleogenomic data for a set of 38 burials from a time series of three 5th century cemeteries at Lake Balaton, Hungary. We utilized a comprehensive sampling approach to characterize these cemeteries, and analyzed them within a careful interdisciplinary framework along with data from 38 additional burials from a previously published mid-6th century site. Despite many commonalities in burial representation and demography, we find striking differences in how close genealogical relationships were re...
Measurements from long bones and from clavicles (the maximum length and two diameters) were taken... more Measurements from long bones and from clavicles (the maximum length and two diameters) were taken from 535 children (0-14 year-old) from 17 Carpathian Basin series. Re- gression equations calculated from these data can be helpful in the biological age estimation of children of historical populations from the Carpathian Basin, as knowing the diameter or the maximum length of a single bone allows the calculation of the maximum length of other long- bones. The equations can also be useful for separating children in ossuaries. With 6 tables.
PloS one, 2018
The development of farming was a catalyst for the evolution of the human diet from the varied sub... more The development of farming was a catalyst for the evolution of the human diet from the varied subsistence practices of hunter-gatherers to the more globalised food economy we depend upon today. Although there has been considerable research into the dietary changes associated with the initial spread of farming, less attention has been given to how dietary choices continued to develop during subsequent millennia. A paleogenomic time transect for 5 millennia of human occupation in the Great Hungarian Plain spanning from the advent of the Neolithic to the Iron Age, showed major genomic turnovers. Here we assess where these genetic turnovers are associated with corresponding dietary shifts, by examining the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of 52 individuals. Results provide evidence that early Neolithic individuals, which were genetically characterised as Mesolithic hunter-gatherers, relied on wild resources to a greater extent than those whose genomic attributes were of typical...
Pathology oncology research : POR, Jan 19, 2016
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor both today and in antiquity. Neverth... more Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor both today and in antiquity. Nevertheless, it is a comparatively rare tumor. This paper describes a case of a highly aggressive craniofacial lesion from the 11th-12th centuries AD, most likely representing osteosarcoma. During the paleopathological study, macroscopic, endoscopic, radiological, scanning-electron and light microscopic investigations were performed. The skull of the approximately 40-50 year-old female revealed several pathological findings. The most impressive macroscopic feature was an extensively spiculated periosteal reaction ("sunburst" pattern) in combination with a massive bone destruction most likely derived from a highly aggressive tumor originating in the ethmoidal area of the medial wall of the orbit. The central parts of the lesion showed excessive new and most probably neoplastic bone formation indicating an underlying high-grade osteosarcoma. The light microscopic examination revealed t...
Anthropologiai közlemények
Scientific Reports
The Great Hungarian Plain (GHP) served as a geographic funnel for population mobility throughout ... more The Great Hungarian Plain (GHP) served as a geographic funnel for population mobility throughout prehistory. Genomic and isotopic research demonstrates non-linear genetic turnover and technological shifts between the Copper and Iron Ages of the GHP, which influenced the dietary strategies of numerous cultures that intermixed and overlapped through time. Given the complexities of these prehistoric cultural and demographic processes, this study aims to identify and elucidate diachronic and culture-specific dietary signatures. We report on stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios from 74 individuals from nineteen sites in the GHP dating to a ~ 3000-year time span between the Early Bronze and Early Iron Ages. The samples broadly indicate a terrestrial C3 diet with nuanced differences amongst populations and through time, suggesting exogenous influences that manifested in subsistence strategies. Slightly elevated δ15N values for Bronze Age samples imply higher reliance on protein than i...
According to paleopathological literature, tumors have a great antiquity. The prevalence of tumor... more According to paleopathological literature, tumors have a great antiquity. The prevalence of tumor metastases in historical populations might have differed from that in modern humans, because of substantial differences in environmental factors, life expectancy, and the availability of treatment. This study presents two probable cases of skeletal metastatic carcinoma from the Roman Period (1st – 5 th century AD) in Hungary, showing the development of bony metastasis of cancer without chemo - and radiotherapy. During the paleopathological analysis macroscopic investigation, radiological, stereo - and scanning electron microscopic analyses were applied. In one case the mixed nature and the localization of the lesions, as well as the sex and age of the individual suggest breast cancer for the primary focus. In the other case based on the mostly osteoblastic nature and the localization of the lesions, more over on the sex and age of the individuals, the most probable diagnostic option is ...
Scientific Reports
Dietary reconstruction is used to make inferences about the subsistence strategies of ancient hum... more Dietary reconstruction is used to make inferences about the subsistence strategies of ancient human populations, but it may also serve as a proxy to characterise their diverse cultural and technological manifestations. Dental microwear and stable isotope analyses have been shown to be successful techniques for paleodietary reconstruction of ancient populations but, despite yielding complementary dietary information, these techniques have rarely been combined within the same study. Here we present for the first time a comprehensive approach to interpreting ancient lifeways through the results of buccal and occlusal microwear, and δ13C and δ15N isotope analyses applied to the same individuals of prehistoric populations of Hungary from the Middle Neolithic to the Late Bronze Age periods. This study aimed to (a) assess if the combination of techniques yields a more precise assessment of past dietary and subsistence practices, and (b) contribute to our understanding of the dietary patter...
Dietary reconstruction is used to make inferences about the subsistence strategies of ancient hum... more Dietary reconstruction is used to make inferences about the subsistence strategies of ancient human populations, but it may also serve as a proxy to characterise their diverse cultural and technological manifestations. Dental microwear and stable isotope analyses have been shown to be successful techniques for paleodietary reconstruction of ancient populations but, despite yielding complementary dietary information, these techniques have rarely been combined within the same study. Here we present for the first time a comprehensive approach to interpreting ancient lifeways through the results of buccal and occlusal microwear, and δ13C and δ15N isotope analyses applied to the same individuals of prehistoric populations of Hungary from the Middle Neolithic to the Late Bronze Age periods. This study aimed to (a) assess if the combination of techniques yields a more precise assessment of past dietary and subsistence practices, and (b) contribute to our understanding of the dietary patter...
In 1962, a bi-ritual Bronze Age cemetery (cremation and inhumation burials) were excavated by Zso... more In 1962, a bi-ritual Bronze Age cemetery (cremation and inhumation burials) were excavated by Zsolt Csalog at Rákóczifalva-Kastélydomb (Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county, Hungary). The Early Bronze Age skeletons and cremains belonged to the Nagyrév culture. The Late Bronze Age individuals were the bearers of the so-called Rákóczifalva cultural group of the Tumulus culture. The study provides the results of the biological anthropological analysis of human remains buried at Rákóczifalva-Kastélydomb Bronze Age cemetery. Both the inhumated and the cremated remains were very poorly preserved and fragmented. The low number of the investigable skeletons that belonged to the Nagyrév culture did not allow us to make any conclusions about the Early Bronze Age populations lived at Rákóczifalva. However, the publication of the basic anthropological results is relevant because these metric data are the first published data of the populations of the Nagyrév culture. The age distribution of the Late Bro...
Palaopathological investigation of an Arpadian Age series from Kaposvar road 61, Site 2. The skel... more Palaopathological investigation of an Arpadian Age series from Kaposvar road 61, Site 2. The skeletal remains of 202 individuals, 54 males, 60 females, 88 subadults and adults of undeterminable sex were analysed in an Arpadian Age series from Kaposvar Road 61, Site 2. The life expectancy at birth in the studied population was 22.7 years, the sex ratio was balanced. Enthesopathies (E), degenerative joint diseases (DJD) and Schmorl-hernia (SH) were the most common pathological alterations. The pattern of E, DJD and SH prevalence by sex and age was analysed. There was a significant difference in the frequencies of the E on the patellae between males and females, and between adultus and maturus age goups. Sex differences could be explained by the heavier physical load of the knee joints in males. A considerable difference was observed between the adultus and maturus age groups also in the prevalence of spondylarthrosis and arthrosis deformans.The reason of this fenomenon can be explaine...
Hungarian Archaeology
Although there is no textual evidence known from the Bronze Age, written sources describing migra... more Although there is no textual evidence known from the Bronze Age, written sources describing migrations of later (i.e. Early Medieval) periods effecting the Carpathian Basin were interpreted as instances of cultural and population change which could be comparable with processes that took place during the Bronze Age in the Carpathian Basin. In the past two decades, Eurasian archaeological research received a new impetus to investigate the traces of migrations during prehistory, in collaboration with other disciplines such as isotope geochemistry or archaeogenetics. The current project which commenced in 2015, funded by the ‛Momentum Programme’ of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, was set out to investigate the societal changes that had taken place within the boundaries of modern-day Hungary – contemporaneous with the builders of the great pyramids of Egypt and the Greek heroes of the Mycenaean shaft graves – by analysing the settlements, cemeteries and the artefacts recovered from th...
Magyar Régészet
Bár írásos emlékeket nem ismerünk a bronzkor időszakából, a Kárpát-medencét érintő későbbi (pl. k... more Bár írásos emlékeket nem ismerünk a bronzkor időszakából, a Kárpát-medencét érintő későbbi (pl. kora középkori) népvándorlásokra vonatkozó források ismeretében gyakran a bronzkor változásait is új népek betelepüléséhez, kisebb-nagyobb migrációkhoz kötötte a régészeti kutatás. Az utóbbi két évtizedben újra előtérbe került a történelem előtti időkben feltételezhető eurázsiai vándorlások nyomainak azonosítása, a kutatásba immár más tudományágak, többek között az izotóp-geokémia vagy az archeogenetika eredményeit is bevonva. Az MTA Lendület program támogatásával 2015-ben elindult kutatási projekt a mai Magyarországon feltárt települések, temetkezések és az innen előkerült használati tárgyak vizsgálatát tűzte ki céljául. A hazai bronzkor kutatásában eddig nem alkalmazott, 21. századi multidiszciplináris módszerek együttes használatával kerestünk választ a nagy piramisok építői és a mükénéi aknasírokba temetett görög hősök korában térségünkben letelepedett közösségek emlékanyagában megfig...
Dissertationes Archaeologicae
The material of our examination comprise the anthropological remains of the Early Iron Age indivi... more The material of our examination comprise the anthropological remains of the Early Iron Age individuals unearthed at the site Alsónyék-Elkerülő 2.
Crimes in the Past: Archaeological and Anthropological Evidence
Hadak útján XXIV. : A népvándorláskor fiatal kutatóinak XXIV. konferenciája. Esztergom, 2014. november 4–6.
Az Alsónyéken és Dunaföldváron feltárt régészeti lelőhelyekről összesen 234 avar kori sírból kerü... more Az Alsónyéken és Dunaföldváron feltárt régészeti lelőhelyekről összesen 234 avar kori sírból kerültek elő emberi maradványok. A szériákban a történeti népességek körében általában gyakori, életmódra is utaló elváltozások közül több is előfordult. Három esetben a morfológiai elemzés alapján csonttuberkulózisos fertőzést feltételeztünk. Az alsónyéki anyagban a koponyák rossz megtartása miatt taxonómiai elemzést nem lehetett végezni. A dunaföldvári avar kori népességben kimutatott, az europidmongolid földrajzi változathoz sorolt egyéneknek köszönhetően a vizsgált népesség, taxonómiai összetételét tekintve, a térség más hasonló korú populációitól jelentősen eltér.
As the collapse of the Western Roman Empire accelerated during the 4th and 5th centuries, arrivin... more As the collapse of the Western Roman Empire accelerated during the 4th and 5th centuries, arriving “barbarian” groups began to establish new communities in the border provinces of the declining (and eventually former) empire. This was a time of significant cultural and political change throughout not only these border regions but Europe as a whole. To better understand post-Roman community formation in one of these key frontier zones after the collapse of the Hunnic movement, we generated new paleogenomic data for a set of 38 burials from a time series of three 5th century cemeteries at Lake Balaton, Hungary. We utilized a comprehensive sampling approach to characterize these cemeteries, and analyzed them within a careful interdisciplinary framework along with data from 38 additional burials from a previously published mid-6th century site. Despite many commonalities in burial representation and demography, we find striking differences in how close genealogical relationships were re...
Measurements from long bones and from clavicles (the maximum length and two diameters) were taken... more Measurements from long bones and from clavicles (the maximum length and two diameters) were taken from 535 children (0-14 year-old) from 17 Carpathian Basin series. Re- gression equations calculated from these data can be helpful in the biological age estimation of children of historical populations from the Carpathian Basin, as knowing the diameter or the maximum length of a single bone allows the calculation of the maximum length of other long- bones. The equations can also be useful for separating children in ossuaries. With 6 tables.
PloS one, 2018
The development of farming was a catalyst for the evolution of the human diet from the varied sub... more The development of farming was a catalyst for the evolution of the human diet from the varied subsistence practices of hunter-gatherers to the more globalised food economy we depend upon today. Although there has been considerable research into the dietary changes associated with the initial spread of farming, less attention has been given to how dietary choices continued to develop during subsequent millennia. A paleogenomic time transect for 5 millennia of human occupation in the Great Hungarian Plain spanning from the advent of the Neolithic to the Iron Age, showed major genomic turnovers. Here we assess where these genetic turnovers are associated with corresponding dietary shifts, by examining the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of 52 individuals. Results provide evidence that early Neolithic individuals, which were genetically characterised as Mesolithic hunter-gatherers, relied on wild resources to a greater extent than those whose genomic attributes were of typical...
Pathology oncology research : POR, Jan 19, 2016
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor both today and in antiquity. Neverth... more Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor both today and in antiquity. Nevertheless, it is a comparatively rare tumor. This paper describes a case of a highly aggressive craniofacial lesion from the 11th-12th centuries AD, most likely representing osteosarcoma. During the paleopathological study, macroscopic, endoscopic, radiological, scanning-electron and light microscopic investigations were performed. The skull of the approximately 40-50 year-old female revealed several pathological findings. The most impressive macroscopic feature was an extensively spiculated periosteal reaction ("sunburst" pattern) in combination with a massive bone destruction most likely derived from a highly aggressive tumor originating in the ethmoidal area of the medial wall of the orbit. The central parts of the lesion showed excessive new and most probably neoplastic bone formation indicating an underlying high-grade osteosarcoma. The light microscopic examination revealed t...
Anthropologiai közlemények
Scientific Reports
The Great Hungarian Plain (GHP) served as a geographic funnel for population mobility throughout ... more The Great Hungarian Plain (GHP) served as a geographic funnel for population mobility throughout prehistory. Genomic and isotopic research demonstrates non-linear genetic turnover and technological shifts between the Copper and Iron Ages of the GHP, which influenced the dietary strategies of numerous cultures that intermixed and overlapped through time. Given the complexities of these prehistoric cultural and demographic processes, this study aims to identify and elucidate diachronic and culture-specific dietary signatures. We report on stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios from 74 individuals from nineteen sites in the GHP dating to a ~ 3000-year time span between the Early Bronze and Early Iron Ages. The samples broadly indicate a terrestrial C3 diet with nuanced differences amongst populations and through time, suggesting exogenous influences that manifested in subsistence strategies. Slightly elevated δ15N values for Bronze Age samples imply higher reliance on protein than i...
According to paleopathological literature, tumors have a great antiquity. The prevalence of tumor... more According to paleopathological literature, tumors have a great antiquity. The prevalence of tumor metastases in historical populations might have differed from that in modern humans, because of substantial differences in environmental factors, life expectancy, and the availability of treatment. This study presents two probable cases of skeletal metastatic carcinoma from the Roman Period (1st – 5 th century AD) in Hungary, showing the development of bony metastasis of cancer without chemo - and radiotherapy. During the paleopathological analysis macroscopic investigation, radiological, stereo - and scanning electron microscopic analyses were applied. In one case the mixed nature and the localization of the lesions, as well as the sex and age of the individual suggest breast cancer for the primary focus. In the other case based on the mostly osteoblastic nature and the localization of the lesions, more over on the sex and age of the individuals, the most probable diagnostic option is ...
Scientific Reports
Dietary reconstruction is used to make inferences about the subsistence strategies of ancient hum... more Dietary reconstruction is used to make inferences about the subsistence strategies of ancient human populations, but it may also serve as a proxy to characterise their diverse cultural and technological manifestations. Dental microwear and stable isotope analyses have been shown to be successful techniques for paleodietary reconstruction of ancient populations but, despite yielding complementary dietary information, these techniques have rarely been combined within the same study. Here we present for the first time a comprehensive approach to interpreting ancient lifeways through the results of buccal and occlusal microwear, and δ13C and δ15N isotope analyses applied to the same individuals of prehistoric populations of Hungary from the Middle Neolithic to the Late Bronze Age periods. This study aimed to (a) assess if the combination of techniques yields a more precise assessment of past dietary and subsistence practices, and (b) contribute to our understanding of the dietary patter...
Dietary reconstruction is used to make inferences about the subsistence strategies of ancient hum... more Dietary reconstruction is used to make inferences about the subsistence strategies of ancient human populations, but it may also serve as a proxy to characterise their diverse cultural and technological manifestations. Dental microwear and stable isotope analyses have been shown to be successful techniques for paleodietary reconstruction of ancient populations but, despite yielding complementary dietary information, these techniques have rarely been combined within the same study. Here we present for the first time a comprehensive approach to interpreting ancient lifeways through the results of buccal and occlusal microwear, and δ13C and δ15N isotope analyses applied to the same individuals of prehistoric populations of Hungary from the Middle Neolithic to the Late Bronze Age periods. This study aimed to (a) assess if the combination of techniques yields a more precise assessment of past dietary and subsistence practices, and (b) contribute to our understanding of the dietary patter...
In 1962, a bi-ritual Bronze Age cemetery (cremation and inhumation burials) were excavated by Zso... more In 1962, a bi-ritual Bronze Age cemetery (cremation and inhumation burials) were excavated by Zsolt Csalog at Rákóczifalva-Kastélydomb (Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county, Hungary). The Early Bronze Age skeletons and cremains belonged to the Nagyrév culture. The Late Bronze Age individuals were the bearers of the so-called Rákóczifalva cultural group of the Tumulus culture. The study provides the results of the biological anthropological analysis of human remains buried at Rákóczifalva-Kastélydomb Bronze Age cemetery. Both the inhumated and the cremated remains were very poorly preserved and fragmented. The low number of the investigable skeletons that belonged to the Nagyrév culture did not allow us to make any conclusions about the Early Bronze Age populations lived at Rákóczifalva. However, the publication of the basic anthropological results is relevant because these metric data are the first published data of the populations of the Nagyrév culture. The age distribution of the Late Bro...
Palaopathological investigation of an Arpadian Age series from Kaposvar road 61, Site 2. The skel... more Palaopathological investigation of an Arpadian Age series from Kaposvar road 61, Site 2. The skeletal remains of 202 individuals, 54 males, 60 females, 88 subadults and adults of undeterminable sex were analysed in an Arpadian Age series from Kaposvar Road 61, Site 2. The life expectancy at birth in the studied population was 22.7 years, the sex ratio was balanced. Enthesopathies (E), degenerative joint diseases (DJD) and Schmorl-hernia (SH) were the most common pathological alterations. The pattern of E, DJD and SH prevalence by sex and age was analysed. There was a significant difference in the frequencies of the E on the patellae between males and females, and between adultus and maturus age goups. Sex differences could be explained by the heavier physical load of the knee joints in males. A considerable difference was observed between the adultus and maturus age groups also in the prevalence of spondylarthrosis and arthrosis deformans.The reason of this fenomenon can be explaine...
Hungarian Archaeology
Although there is no textual evidence known from the Bronze Age, written sources describing migra... more Although there is no textual evidence known from the Bronze Age, written sources describing migrations of later (i.e. Early Medieval) periods effecting the Carpathian Basin were interpreted as instances of cultural and population change which could be comparable with processes that took place during the Bronze Age in the Carpathian Basin. In the past two decades, Eurasian archaeological research received a new impetus to investigate the traces of migrations during prehistory, in collaboration with other disciplines such as isotope geochemistry or archaeogenetics. The current project which commenced in 2015, funded by the ‛Momentum Programme’ of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, was set out to investigate the societal changes that had taken place within the boundaries of modern-day Hungary – contemporaneous with the builders of the great pyramids of Egypt and the Greek heroes of the Mycenaean shaft graves – by analysing the settlements, cemeteries and the artefacts recovered from th...
Magyar Régészet
Bár írásos emlékeket nem ismerünk a bronzkor időszakából, a Kárpát-medencét érintő későbbi (pl. k... more Bár írásos emlékeket nem ismerünk a bronzkor időszakából, a Kárpát-medencét érintő későbbi (pl. kora középkori) népvándorlásokra vonatkozó források ismeretében gyakran a bronzkor változásait is új népek betelepüléséhez, kisebb-nagyobb migrációkhoz kötötte a régészeti kutatás. Az utóbbi két évtizedben újra előtérbe került a történelem előtti időkben feltételezhető eurázsiai vándorlások nyomainak azonosítása, a kutatásba immár más tudományágak, többek között az izotóp-geokémia vagy az archeogenetika eredményeit is bevonva. Az MTA Lendület program támogatásával 2015-ben elindult kutatási projekt a mai Magyarországon feltárt települések, temetkezések és az innen előkerült használati tárgyak vizsgálatát tűzte ki céljául. A hazai bronzkor kutatásában eddig nem alkalmazott, 21. századi multidiszciplináris módszerek együttes használatával kerestünk választ a nagy piramisok építői és a mükénéi aknasírokba temetett görög hősök korában térségünkben letelepedett közösségek emlékanyagában megfig...
Dissertationes Archaeologicae
The material of our examination comprise the anthropological remains of the Early Iron Age indivi... more The material of our examination comprise the anthropological remains of the Early Iron Age individuals unearthed at the site Alsónyék-Elkerülő 2.
Crimes in the Past: Archaeological and Anthropological Evidence