Teruyuki Monnai - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Teruyuki Monnai
Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ), 2014
Urban Density plays a major role in shaping the efficiency of the systems of any urban area, and ... more Urban Density plays a major role in shaping the efficiency of the systems of any urban area, and in determining the extent to which these systems are accessible to various groups of urban residents. Urban systems affect the daily lives of urban residents and the equity, access, participation and control of various urban systems defines the human security of urban residents. This paper attempts to throw light on the relationship between urban density and its effects on human security. The megacity of Mumbai is chosen as the case study to carry out this investigation. The human security of the wards of Mumbai is quantitatively measured using previously constructed measures which is then compared to the corresponding spatial variation of urban density and a multiple regression analysis is done to determine how the density measures affect overall human security. Furthermore, cluster analysis is used to identify zones of different levels of human security which are further investigated at the micro level through a field survey. Important observations about various grades of human security present within clusters are noted and relationships between urban density and human security extracted from the study. The scope of formulating a valuable tool for urban planning from the understanding of the relationship between density and human security are discussed, as well as the limitations of the current research and possible ways to overcome them.
This study aims to develop the roles of metaphors in architectural designs. We chose 210 architec... more This study aims to develop the roles of metaphors in architectural designs. We chose 210 architectural works of art containing metaphors in “SHlNKENCHIKU "magazines, then construct the database for metaphors based on structure mapping theory. We analyze the types and the metaphorical structures of these architectural designs and try to describe how these metaphors work. The results are as follows; 1) Various metaphors are generated from the experience of natural and artificial objects. 2) There are three levels of metaphors; “attributive", “relative" and “semantic" metaphors. 3) We can describe the mechanism of creative architectural design process based on the metaphors.
Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ), 2016
日本建築学会近畿支部研究報告集 計画系, May 24, 2013
Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ), 2014
Quantitative measures for assessing the levels of human security and urban density of city wards ... more Quantitative measures for assessing the levels of human security and urban density of city wards have been previously formulated and applied to the data obtained for Mumbai, to investigate relationships between the two sets of data. Data mining techniques revealed that certain corollaries between the DM and DI data did exist and a regression equation for predicting ward-wise DI using respective DM values was found. Since this prediction was possible across the wards with little error, it was reasonably assumed that DI and DM were intrinsically linked, at least in Mumbai. To test this hypothesis, the same data mining techniques have been applied to Ahmedabad and Tokyo. These cities have been selected because the former presents differences in scale and urban character while retaining a similar socioeconomic structure whereas the latter diverges completely in terms of socioeconomic character, but has a similar scale of population. A test across many divergent factors is hoped to bring in universality in testing the hypothesis, and pose interesting situations which can then be used to amend the initial hypothesis to make it robust. Furthermore, the macro-level quantitative analysis is followed by a micro-level qualitative analysis of some parts of Mumbai to clarify errors of aggregation arising in the macro-level analysis and also to investigate the effects of Intensity density for which macro-level data was unavailable.
Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ), 2014
Following Part 1, 2 and 3, we analyzed urban modality based on the theory of "frame," a system of... more Following Part 1, 2 and 3, we analyzed urban modality based on the theory of "frame," a system of memory and expectation in this paper. We first showed a basic model of frame and introduced theories of many disciplines. After that, we developed the model through the analysis of 6,833 expressions written by subjects of walkthrough experiment. For example, frame is well understood by dividing it to short-term frame and long-term frame, and should be analyzed in a relationship with space because we humans in real space.
Perspectives from Europe and Asia on Engineering Design and Manufacture, 2004
Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ), 2011
This paper aims to construct a theoretical framework to explore a creative design process, which ... more This paper aims to construct a theoretical framework to explore a creative design process, which might be described as a "reflective conversation with situation" in D. A. Schön's term. For this purpose, 1) we introduce C. S. Peirce's semiotics into the study on design process, 2) examine how we apply it to design processes, 3) obtain the cases of design processes through a design experiment, and 4) analyze those cases using Peirce's semiotic model. Thereby, we propose that the design process as a "conversation with situation" can be understood as circulative chains of signs on Peirce's sign division.
Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ), 2011
In Part 1, we described and visualized urban modalities based on walkthrough experiments. Now, it... more In Part 1, we described and visualized urban modalities based on walkthrough experiments. Now, it's necessary to analyze the various data. Especially in this paper, we focus on "modal factors", which are extracted based on the data which subjects of experiments described while walking through the routes. The results are as follows. 1) Possibility of various statistical analyses shows that methods of describing the urban modalities are appropriate. 2) We found much knowledge about how we grasp urban modalities: for example, 5 indexes to represent modal factors, hierarchies among them, how to categorize them, and "figure and ground" in modality.
Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ), 2011
In this paper, narrative film is defined according to structuralist semio-linguistics, and then i... more In this paper, narrative film is defined according to structuralist semio-linguistics, and then its units of significance are laid out in a preliminary model of elementary units. Then, by applying this definition and segmentation process on the case study film of "Russian Ark", it was found that all its significant elements and organizational structures are dependent on, and function of, the denoted architectonic elements of the actual State Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg, where it was filmed. This dependency of the filmic structures on architectonic elements allowed the preliminary conclusions that their similarities with architectonic spatial structures are as follows: 1) architectural spatial units are similar to segments and syntagmas, 2) their organizational structure is similar to the diegetic spatial structure, and 3) architectonic programmatic and functional organizations are similar to the narrative organizational structures, or syuzhet.
Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ), 2013
Sustainable urban form as a reflection of social functions of a city and the relationship between... more Sustainable urban form as a reflection of social functions of a city and the relationship between the physical form and social functions is discussed in this paper. Measures of urban density are formulated to quantitatively express the physical, social and spatial layers of urban form. The role of planners as the facilitators of urban social functions through planned physical interventions is supported by devising measures of human security to assess the effects of development on urban residents. These measures are tested on Mumbai to identify its social areas. Furthermore the relationships between density and human security are analyzed.
Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ), 2013
In this paper, the architectural space of Machiya will be described using semantic dimensions ins... more In this paper, the architectural space of Machiya will be described using semantic dimensions instead of syntactic dimensions of conventional tridimensional space. Semantic dimensions (formality, privacy, brightness and naturalness) are collected for different activities using a questionnaire and arranged in a data base. With such data it is possible to differentiate Machiya from other typologies and to find similarities between the typical layout of Machiya and its semantic description. But as well we found a discrepancy between the semantic space of existing Machiya and the type of dwelling preferred by those who say that they would like to live in Machiya, showing that even if inhabitants can recognize semantic space of Machiya they might not necessarily be aware of the implications of it. Therefore new ways of continuation of Machiya in the contemporary context are being explored.
Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ), 2013
Studies on architectural design process have been strongly influenced by epistemologies. Rational... more Studies on architectural design process have been strongly influenced by epistemologies. Rationalism and empiricism originated a view of design as a rational problem-solving. The defect of this view of design has its roots in a foundationalistic tendency of these epistemologies. C. S. Peirce's pragmatism provides an alternative, fallibilistic epistemology. This paper aims at constructing a model of design process based on Peirce's theory of inquiry. His theory of inquiry is reinterpreted in terms of his category theory. Design process is modeled as an inquiry consisting of abduction, deduction, and induction. Cases of design process are analyzed by this model.
Agent-Based Approaches in Economic and Social Complex Systems VIII, 2015
This paper proposes a method for analyzing architectural space design based on human behavior sem... more This paper proposes a method for analyzing architectural space design based on human behavior semiosis by using a multiagent simulator as a design aid. Face-to-face interviews with those who visited a campus plaza were conducted as a case study in order to understand the processes behind human behavior , and the space design based on the interview analysis is considered. This study is organized as follows: (1) a human behavior semiosis model is proposed based on C.S. Peirce ’s concept of semiosis; (2) an analysis of the interview results based on the model of step 1 is proposed; (3) the site is modeled using cells in a multiagent simulator; and (4) based on the analysis of step 2, the modeled site is evaluated according to the human behavior semiosis performed by the multiagent simulator in step 3.
Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ), 2014
Urban Density plays a major role in shaping the efficiency of the systems of any urban area, and ... more Urban Density plays a major role in shaping the efficiency of the systems of any urban area, and in determining the extent to which these systems are accessible to various groups of urban residents. Urban systems affect the daily lives of urban residents and the equity, access, participation and control of various urban systems defines the human security of urban residents. This paper attempts to throw light on the relationship between urban density and its effects on human security. The megacity of Mumbai is chosen as the case study to carry out this investigation. The human security of the wards of Mumbai is quantitatively measured using previously constructed measures which is then compared to the corresponding spatial variation of urban density and a multiple regression analysis is done to determine how the density measures affect overall human security. Furthermore, cluster analysis is used to identify zones of different levels of human security which are further investigated at the micro level through a field survey. Important observations about various grades of human security present within clusters are noted and relationships between urban density and human security extracted from the study. The scope of formulating a valuable tool for urban planning from the understanding of the relationship between density and human security are discussed, as well as the limitations of the current research and possible ways to overcome them.
This study aims to develop the roles of metaphors in architectural designs. We chose 210 architec... more This study aims to develop the roles of metaphors in architectural designs. We chose 210 architectural works of art containing metaphors in “SHlNKENCHIKU "magazines, then construct the database for metaphors based on structure mapping theory. We analyze the types and the metaphorical structures of these architectural designs and try to describe how these metaphors work. The results are as follows; 1) Various metaphors are generated from the experience of natural and artificial objects. 2) There are three levels of metaphors; “attributive", “relative" and “semantic" metaphors. 3) We can describe the mechanism of creative architectural design process based on the metaphors.
Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ), 2016
日本建築学会近畿支部研究報告集 計画系, May 24, 2013
Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ), 2014
Quantitative measures for assessing the levels of human security and urban density of city wards ... more Quantitative measures for assessing the levels of human security and urban density of city wards have been previously formulated and applied to the data obtained for Mumbai, to investigate relationships between the two sets of data. Data mining techniques revealed that certain corollaries between the DM and DI data did exist and a regression equation for predicting ward-wise DI using respective DM values was found. Since this prediction was possible across the wards with little error, it was reasonably assumed that DI and DM were intrinsically linked, at least in Mumbai. To test this hypothesis, the same data mining techniques have been applied to Ahmedabad and Tokyo. These cities have been selected because the former presents differences in scale and urban character while retaining a similar socioeconomic structure whereas the latter diverges completely in terms of socioeconomic character, but has a similar scale of population. A test across many divergent factors is hoped to bring in universality in testing the hypothesis, and pose interesting situations which can then be used to amend the initial hypothesis to make it robust. Furthermore, the macro-level quantitative analysis is followed by a micro-level qualitative analysis of some parts of Mumbai to clarify errors of aggregation arising in the macro-level analysis and also to investigate the effects of Intensity density for which macro-level data was unavailable.
Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ), 2014
Following Part 1, 2 and 3, we analyzed urban modality based on the theory of "frame," a system of... more Following Part 1, 2 and 3, we analyzed urban modality based on the theory of "frame," a system of memory and expectation in this paper. We first showed a basic model of frame and introduced theories of many disciplines. After that, we developed the model through the analysis of 6,833 expressions written by subjects of walkthrough experiment. For example, frame is well understood by dividing it to short-term frame and long-term frame, and should be analyzed in a relationship with space because we humans in real space.
Perspectives from Europe and Asia on Engineering Design and Manufacture, 2004
Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ), 2011
This paper aims to construct a theoretical framework to explore a creative design process, which ... more This paper aims to construct a theoretical framework to explore a creative design process, which might be described as a "reflective conversation with situation" in D. A. Schön's term. For this purpose, 1) we introduce C. S. Peirce's semiotics into the study on design process, 2) examine how we apply it to design processes, 3) obtain the cases of design processes through a design experiment, and 4) analyze those cases using Peirce's semiotic model. Thereby, we propose that the design process as a "conversation with situation" can be understood as circulative chains of signs on Peirce's sign division.
Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ), 2011
In Part 1, we described and visualized urban modalities based on walkthrough experiments. Now, it... more In Part 1, we described and visualized urban modalities based on walkthrough experiments. Now, it's necessary to analyze the various data. Especially in this paper, we focus on "modal factors", which are extracted based on the data which subjects of experiments described while walking through the routes. The results are as follows. 1) Possibility of various statistical analyses shows that methods of describing the urban modalities are appropriate. 2) We found much knowledge about how we grasp urban modalities: for example, 5 indexes to represent modal factors, hierarchies among them, how to categorize them, and "figure and ground" in modality.
Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ), 2011
In this paper, narrative film is defined according to structuralist semio-linguistics, and then i... more In this paper, narrative film is defined according to structuralist semio-linguistics, and then its units of significance are laid out in a preliminary model of elementary units. Then, by applying this definition and segmentation process on the case study film of "Russian Ark", it was found that all its significant elements and organizational structures are dependent on, and function of, the denoted architectonic elements of the actual State Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg, where it was filmed. This dependency of the filmic structures on architectonic elements allowed the preliminary conclusions that their similarities with architectonic spatial structures are as follows: 1) architectural spatial units are similar to segments and syntagmas, 2) their organizational structure is similar to the diegetic spatial structure, and 3) architectonic programmatic and functional organizations are similar to the narrative organizational structures, or syuzhet.
Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ), 2013
Sustainable urban form as a reflection of social functions of a city and the relationship between... more Sustainable urban form as a reflection of social functions of a city and the relationship between the physical form and social functions is discussed in this paper. Measures of urban density are formulated to quantitatively express the physical, social and spatial layers of urban form. The role of planners as the facilitators of urban social functions through planned physical interventions is supported by devising measures of human security to assess the effects of development on urban residents. These measures are tested on Mumbai to identify its social areas. Furthermore the relationships between density and human security are analyzed.
Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ), 2013
In this paper, the architectural space of Machiya will be described using semantic dimensions ins... more In this paper, the architectural space of Machiya will be described using semantic dimensions instead of syntactic dimensions of conventional tridimensional space. Semantic dimensions (formality, privacy, brightness and naturalness) are collected for different activities using a questionnaire and arranged in a data base. With such data it is possible to differentiate Machiya from other typologies and to find similarities between the typical layout of Machiya and its semantic description. But as well we found a discrepancy between the semantic space of existing Machiya and the type of dwelling preferred by those who say that they would like to live in Machiya, showing that even if inhabitants can recognize semantic space of Machiya they might not necessarily be aware of the implications of it. Therefore new ways of continuation of Machiya in the contemporary context are being explored.
Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ), 2013
Studies on architectural design process have been strongly influenced by epistemologies. Rational... more Studies on architectural design process have been strongly influenced by epistemologies. Rationalism and empiricism originated a view of design as a rational problem-solving. The defect of this view of design has its roots in a foundationalistic tendency of these epistemologies. C. S. Peirce's pragmatism provides an alternative, fallibilistic epistemology. This paper aims at constructing a model of design process based on Peirce's theory of inquiry. His theory of inquiry is reinterpreted in terms of his category theory. Design process is modeled as an inquiry consisting of abduction, deduction, and induction. Cases of design process are analyzed by this model.
Agent-Based Approaches in Economic and Social Complex Systems VIII, 2015
This paper proposes a method for analyzing architectural space design based on human behavior sem... more This paper proposes a method for analyzing architectural space design based on human behavior semiosis by using a multiagent simulator as a design aid. Face-to-face interviews with those who visited a campus plaza were conducted as a case study in order to understand the processes behind human behavior , and the space design based on the interview analysis is considered. This study is organized as follows: (1) a human behavior semiosis model is proposed based on C.S. Peirce ’s concept of semiosis; (2) an analysis of the interview results based on the model of step 1 is proposed; (3) the site is modeled using cells in a multiagent simulator; and (4) based on the analysis of step 2, the modeled site is evaluated according to the human behavior semiosis performed by the multiagent simulator in step 3.