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Papers by TONGAM SIHOL NABABAN

Research paper thumbnail of Identifying The Purchasing Power Parity of Indonesia Rupiah (IDR) based on BIG MAC Index

Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan, 2016

The aim of this study is to identify : (1) profile of exchange rate and purchasing power parity o... more The aim of this study is to identify : (1) profile of exchange rate and purchasing power parity of IDR against US $ based on Big Mac Index compared to the exchange rate of other countries, and (2) the position of the Big Mac Affordability of Indonesia compared to other ASEAN countries. The results showed that based on Big Mac index during the period April 1998 up to January 2015, IDR exchange rate tends to be undervalued against the USA dollar. The cause of the currency tends to be in a position of undervalued due to the components of non-tradable have not been included in Big Mac index. The index of Big Mac Affordability indicates that there is a great disparity of income between Singapore and five other ASEAN countries. The purchasing power of the real income of the people in Singapore is nearly five times the real income of the people in Indonesia.

Research paper thumbnail of Wacana Pembangunan Melalui Penggalian Nilai Budaya

Research paper thumbnail of Analisa Permintaan Energi Listrik PT. PLN (Persero) Untuk Pengguna Kelompok Rumah Tangga Sederhana di Kota Medan

Research paper thumbnail of The Analysis of Relationship between Market Reactions and Long Term Performance on Acquisition

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000

Tulisan ini adalah studi tentang hasil penelitian yang memberikan perhatian pada aktivitas akuisi... more Tulisan ini adalah studi tentang hasil penelitian yang memberikan perhatian pada aktivitas akuisisi yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan-perusahaan pengakuisisi (acquirer). Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat bagaimana reaksi pasar (market reaction) akan memberikan tuntunan atas gambaran kinerja perusahaan-perusahaan pengakuisisi dalam jangka panjang. Dalam studi ini digunakan 39 perusahaan pengakuisisi yang telah melakukan akuisisi dalam periode waktu antara tahun 1991 sampai dengan 1998. Studi ini menerapkan metode event study dengan menggunakan market model untuk menghitung abnormal return. Uji hipotesis yang digunakan adalah adalah One Sample T-test, Multiple Regressions, Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test dan Manova Test. Hasil pengujian hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa pihak perusahaan pengakuisisi menerima negative abnormal return yang signifikan di sepanjang tanggal akuisisi. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa peristiwa akuisisi menghasilkan return yang lebih rendah dari predicted return yang diprediksikan oleh pemegang saham perusahaan pengakuisisi. Dalam studi ini ditunjukkan beberapa factor yang mempengaruhi abnormal return seperti : financial synergy, size of acquirer, managerial efficiency, growth of acquirer, dan business relatedness. Hasil dari pengujian hipotesis terhadap terhadap factor-faktor tersebut menunjukkan bahwa tidak satupun dari variabel tersebut yang memberikan nilai yang signifikan. Hal ini berarti bahwa motif-motif akusisi tersebut bukan merupakan motivasi bagi pengakusisi untuk terlibat dalam aktivitas ekuisisi. Untuk menilai kinerja perusahaan-perusahaan pengakusisi dalam jangka panjang, digunakan proxy yakni : ROA, ROE, OPM. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara kinerja sebelum dan sesudah akuisisi. Ini berarti bahwa umumnya perusahaan-perusahaan pengakuisisi tidak mempu mengintegrasikan gain terhadap kinerja jangka panjangnya.

Research paper thumbnail of Development Analysis of Global Competitiveness Index of ASEAN-7 Countries and Its Relationship on Gross Domestic Product

Integrated Journal of Business and Economics

The objectives of the research are: (1) to investigate the development of global competitiveness ... more The objectives of the research are: (1) to investigate the development of global competitiveness index (GCI) of ASEAN-7 countries as an illustration of economic performance and potentiality, (2) to investigate which factors or pillars are drivers for the improvement of GCI ASEAN-7 countries, and (3) to analyze the effect of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on GCI of ASEAN-7 countries. The analysis method used in calculating the weight of the contribution of each pillar to changes in the competitiveness index, and determining the effect of GDP on GCI, a Semi-Logarithmic Regression analysis is used. The result shows that during the period of year 2008/2009 to the year of 2016/2017, the rank and index of GCI of each ASEAN-7 countries continue to increase. The pillars of the basic requirement subindex still dominate the largest contribution to the improvement of the competitiveness index for Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam. As for Malaysia and Singapore sub-indexes o...

Research paper thumbnail of The Importance of Understanding The General Education in Strengthening the Higher Education System

Proceeding of International Seminar on Global Education Malaysia and Indonesia, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)., Feb 24, 2014

Abstract Lately the system of modern education has produced reliable scientists and technocrats ... more Abstract
Lately the system of modern education has produced reliable scientists and technocrats but has not spawned graduates with the integrity of mature personalities. To overcome this, the concept of General Education (GE) can be applied. GE is the implementation of the concept as a reaction to the tendency of modern society in idolizing the products of technology and tend to ignore human values due to the product of modern secular education system .
GE is education aimed in developing the personality of the students in the community and the environment through educational programs that foster and develop all aspects of a student 's personality. Besides that, GE aims to cultivate and create mature understanding in the purpose of life according to the nature of science of all time . With GE, it is expected that students can apply the ethical behaviors and culture when they live in the society .
GE programs must be maintained in the curriculum of higher education (universities), but need to be adjusted inaccordance with the times.

Keywords : General Education ( GE ), humanistic, personality, higher education system, integrity.

Conference Presentations by TONGAM SIHOL NABABAN

Research paper thumbnail of ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE ELECTRICITY SUPPLY IN INDONESIA

In Indonesia, the activities of supplying of electricity energy or generating of electricity powe... more In Indonesia, the activities of supplying of electricity energy or generating of electricity power is still dominated by PT PLN (Persero). The supply of electricity has not been able to meet the demand of electricity by PT PLN. The electricity supply can be affected by amount of generation units, installed capacity, power capacity, investment, energy produced, fuel consumption, unit price of fuel, energy losses, the length of transmission and distribution network, interruption of distribution network, and captive power. The aim of this study is to analyze the factors affecting on the supply of electricity in Indonesia. Based on the characteristics of the data available on each units of PT PLN or provinces, the data used in this study is panel data in period of year 2009-2014. Based on the results of Chow Test and Hausman Test, to analyze the pooled data it is better by using Fixed Effect Model. The result of estimation shows that the factors affecting the supply of electricity in Indonesia are the price (tariff) of electricity, the price of fuel, the length of transmission lines, the energy losses. The the price (tariff) of electricity affects positively and significantly (α = 0.01) and elastic on the supply of electriciy. The price of fuel, the length of transmission lines and the energy losses affect negatively and significantly (α = 0.01) and inelastic on the supply of electriciy. While the number of distribution interruption has no significant effect on the supply of electriciy. Statistically, all dummy variables of individuals (PLN operational unit/province) and time (year 2009 – 2014) affect significantly (α = 0.01) on the supply of electriciy. It means that the patterns of electricity supply of PLN operational units and time patterns of electricity supply are different from the benchmarks. It is hoped that PT PLN focusing attention on tariff policy, to diversify the input of power generating units, to optimize the length of transmission lines, and also to minimize the electricity energy losses.

Research paper thumbnail of The Factors Affecting the Household Energy Consumption, Energy Elasticity, and Energy Intensity in Indonesia

The purpose of the study is to explore and analyze the factors influencing the consumption, elast... more The purpose of the study is to explore and analyze the factors influencing the consumption, elasticity , and intensity of household energy sector in Indonesia. The estimated variables in this research based on energy and economic indicators in the period of 2000-2013. To get the better result, the estimation used a model of a logarithm natural in forms of doublelog and linearlog. The estimation of household energy consumption used doublelog model and the estimation of intensity of final energy per capita used linearlog model. The results based on the simple regression analysis show that variables individually : gross domestic product , the number of population, the number of households , and the final energy consumption per capita has positive and significant effect (α = 1 %) on the energy consumption of households. The number of population and the number of household are the most dominant variables affect the energy consumption of households. It means the more the number of population and households the higher energy consumption of households. Then individually, variables of gross domestic product , the number of population, the number of households, the final energy consumption per capita has positive and significant effect (α = 1 %) on the intensity of final energy per capita. The intensity of final energy per capita in the period of 2000-2013 continues to rise, which implies that the price or the cost of energy conversion to gross domestic product to be higher and inefficient. During the period of 2000-2013 the value of elasticity of household energy consumption is less than one (e < 1). It means that household sector has been making use of energy with more efficient .Then during the period of 2000-2013 the value of intensity of households energy tends to decrease, it shows that the use of energy households to be more efficient .

Research paper thumbnail of Identifying The Purchasing Power Parity of Indonesia Rupiah (IDR) based on BIG MAC Index

Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan, 2016

The aim of this study is to identify : (1) profile of exchange rate and purchasing power parity o... more The aim of this study is to identify : (1) profile of exchange rate and purchasing power parity of IDR against US $ based on Big Mac Index compared to the exchange rate of other countries, and (2) the position of the Big Mac Affordability of Indonesia compared to other ASEAN countries. The results showed that based on Big Mac index during the period April 1998 up to January 2015, IDR exchange rate tends to be undervalued against the USA dollar. The cause of the currency tends to be in a position of undervalued due to the components of non-tradable have not been included in Big Mac index. The index of Big Mac Affordability indicates that there is a great disparity of income between Singapore and five other ASEAN countries. The purchasing power of the real income of the people in Singapore is nearly five times the real income of the people in Indonesia.

Research paper thumbnail of Wacana Pembangunan Melalui Penggalian Nilai Budaya

Research paper thumbnail of Analisa Permintaan Energi Listrik PT. PLN (Persero) Untuk Pengguna Kelompok Rumah Tangga Sederhana di Kota Medan

Research paper thumbnail of The Analysis of Relationship between Market Reactions and Long Term Performance on Acquisition

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000

Tulisan ini adalah studi tentang hasil penelitian yang memberikan perhatian pada aktivitas akuisi... more Tulisan ini adalah studi tentang hasil penelitian yang memberikan perhatian pada aktivitas akuisisi yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan-perusahaan pengakuisisi (acquirer). Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat bagaimana reaksi pasar (market reaction) akan memberikan tuntunan atas gambaran kinerja perusahaan-perusahaan pengakuisisi dalam jangka panjang. Dalam studi ini digunakan 39 perusahaan pengakuisisi yang telah melakukan akuisisi dalam periode waktu antara tahun 1991 sampai dengan 1998. Studi ini menerapkan metode event study dengan menggunakan market model untuk menghitung abnormal return. Uji hipotesis yang digunakan adalah adalah One Sample T-test, Multiple Regressions, Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test dan Manova Test. Hasil pengujian hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa pihak perusahaan pengakuisisi menerima negative abnormal return yang signifikan di sepanjang tanggal akuisisi. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa peristiwa akuisisi menghasilkan return yang lebih rendah dari predicted return yang diprediksikan oleh pemegang saham perusahaan pengakuisisi. Dalam studi ini ditunjukkan beberapa factor yang mempengaruhi abnormal return seperti : financial synergy, size of acquirer, managerial efficiency, growth of acquirer, dan business relatedness. Hasil dari pengujian hipotesis terhadap terhadap factor-faktor tersebut menunjukkan bahwa tidak satupun dari variabel tersebut yang memberikan nilai yang signifikan. Hal ini berarti bahwa motif-motif akusisi tersebut bukan merupakan motivasi bagi pengakusisi untuk terlibat dalam aktivitas ekuisisi. Untuk menilai kinerja perusahaan-perusahaan pengakusisi dalam jangka panjang, digunakan proxy yakni : ROA, ROE, OPM. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara kinerja sebelum dan sesudah akuisisi. Ini berarti bahwa umumnya perusahaan-perusahaan pengakuisisi tidak mempu mengintegrasikan gain terhadap kinerja jangka panjangnya.

Research paper thumbnail of Development Analysis of Global Competitiveness Index of ASEAN-7 Countries and Its Relationship on Gross Domestic Product

Integrated Journal of Business and Economics

The objectives of the research are: (1) to investigate the development of global competitiveness ... more The objectives of the research are: (1) to investigate the development of global competitiveness index (GCI) of ASEAN-7 countries as an illustration of economic performance and potentiality, (2) to investigate which factors or pillars are drivers for the improvement of GCI ASEAN-7 countries, and (3) to analyze the effect of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on GCI of ASEAN-7 countries. The analysis method used in calculating the weight of the contribution of each pillar to changes in the competitiveness index, and determining the effect of GDP on GCI, a Semi-Logarithmic Regression analysis is used. The result shows that during the period of year 2008/2009 to the year of 2016/2017, the rank and index of GCI of each ASEAN-7 countries continue to increase. The pillars of the basic requirement subindex still dominate the largest contribution to the improvement of the competitiveness index for Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam. As for Malaysia and Singapore sub-indexes o...

Research paper thumbnail of The Importance of Understanding The General Education in Strengthening the Higher Education System

Proceeding of International Seminar on Global Education Malaysia and Indonesia, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)., Feb 24, 2014

Abstract Lately the system of modern education has produced reliable scientists and technocrats ... more Abstract
Lately the system of modern education has produced reliable scientists and technocrats but has not spawned graduates with the integrity of mature personalities. To overcome this, the concept of General Education (GE) can be applied. GE is the implementation of the concept as a reaction to the tendency of modern society in idolizing the products of technology and tend to ignore human values due to the product of modern secular education system .
GE is education aimed in developing the personality of the students in the community and the environment through educational programs that foster and develop all aspects of a student 's personality. Besides that, GE aims to cultivate and create mature understanding in the purpose of life according to the nature of science of all time . With GE, it is expected that students can apply the ethical behaviors and culture when they live in the society .
GE programs must be maintained in the curriculum of higher education (universities), but need to be adjusted inaccordance with the times.

Keywords : General Education ( GE ), humanistic, personality, higher education system, integrity.

Research paper thumbnail of ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE ELECTRICITY SUPPLY IN INDONESIA

In Indonesia, the activities of supplying of electricity energy or generating of electricity powe... more In Indonesia, the activities of supplying of electricity energy or generating of electricity power is still dominated by PT PLN (Persero). The supply of electricity has not been able to meet the demand of electricity by PT PLN. The electricity supply can be affected by amount of generation units, installed capacity, power capacity, investment, energy produced, fuel consumption, unit price of fuel, energy losses, the length of transmission and distribution network, interruption of distribution network, and captive power. The aim of this study is to analyze the factors affecting on the supply of electricity in Indonesia. Based on the characteristics of the data available on each units of PT PLN or provinces, the data used in this study is panel data in period of year 2009-2014. Based on the results of Chow Test and Hausman Test, to analyze the pooled data it is better by using Fixed Effect Model. The result of estimation shows that the factors affecting the supply of electricity in Indonesia are the price (tariff) of electricity, the price of fuel, the length of transmission lines, the energy losses. The the price (tariff) of electricity affects positively and significantly (α = 0.01) and elastic on the supply of electriciy. The price of fuel, the length of transmission lines and the energy losses affect negatively and significantly (α = 0.01) and inelastic on the supply of electriciy. While the number of distribution interruption has no significant effect on the supply of electriciy. Statistically, all dummy variables of individuals (PLN operational unit/province) and time (year 2009 – 2014) affect significantly (α = 0.01) on the supply of electriciy. It means that the patterns of electricity supply of PLN operational units and time patterns of electricity supply are different from the benchmarks. It is hoped that PT PLN focusing attention on tariff policy, to diversify the input of power generating units, to optimize the length of transmission lines, and also to minimize the electricity energy losses.

Research paper thumbnail of The Factors Affecting the Household Energy Consumption, Energy Elasticity, and Energy Intensity in Indonesia

The purpose of the study is to explore and analyze the factors influencing the consumption, elast... more The purpose of the study is to explore and analyze the factors influencing the consumption, elasticity , and intensity of household energy sector in Indonesia. The estimated variables in this research based on energy and economic indicators in the period of 2000-2013. To get the better result, the estimation used a model of a logarithm natural in forms of doublelog and linearlog. The estimation of household energy consumption used doublelog model and the estimation of intensity of final energy per capita used linearlog model. The results based on the simple regression analysis show that variables individually : gross domestic product , the number of population, the number of households , and the final energy consumption per capita has positive and significant effect (α = 1 %) on the energy consumption of households. The number of population and the number of household are the most dominant variables affect the energy consumption of households. It means the more the number of population and households the higher energy consumption of households. Then individually, variables of gross domestic product , the number of population, the number of households, the final energy consumption per capita has positive and significant effect (α = 1 %) on the intensity of final energy per capita. The intensity of final energy per capita in the period of 2000-2013 continues to rise, which implies that the price or the cost of energy conversion to gross domestic product to be higher and inefficient. During the period of 2000-2013 the value of elasticity of household energy consumption is less than one (e < 1). It means that household sector has been making use of energy with more efficient .Then during the period of 2000-2013 the value of intensity of households energy tends to decrease, it shows that the use of energy households to be more efficient .