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Papers by Tinuade Oyebode

European Journal of Preventive Medicine

Despite being on antiretroviral therapy, during unprotected sex, a HIV-infected pregnant woman ca... more Despite being on antiretroviral therapy, during unprotected sex, a HIV-infected pregnant woman can transmit HIV not only to a HIV-negative sexual partner but also pose a risk for reinfection with new or resistant viral strains between her and a HIV-positive sexual partner, and ultimately to her baby. Condom use is a recognized strategy to reduce this risk if practiced consistently. This study set out to determine condom use and associated factors among a cohort of women who attended PMTCT clinic in Jos University Teaching hospital. Methods: Ninety-six enrolled women provided information about themselves and their male partners via a questionnaire, and other relevant information was obtained from their hospital records. Data obtained was analyzed using Epi info version 7 (CDC Atlanta, GA). The mean age of the women was 36.4±4.5 years. They were predominantly married (90.6%), Christians (75.0%), and educated above primary school level (88.6%). The mean age of the male partners was 45.3±6.1 years and over half of them (57.3%) were HIV-positive. The prevalence of consistent condom use in the participants was low (26.0%). Only 4.2% of male partners had ever received counselling in the PMTCT clinic. Factors significantly associated with condom use were younger age of male partner (mean ± SD=43.0±4.7 years), younger age of pregnant women (mean ± SD=34.2±3.3 years), Christian faith of the women, male partners having ever accompanied their pregnant woman for counselling in the PMTCT clinic and viral load of < 1000 copies/ml (P value=0.0290, 0.0035, 0.0440, 0.0227 and 0.0045 respectively). The practice of consistent condom use among male partners of HIV-positive pregnant women attending PMTCT clinic in JUTH was low, suggesting the need for improved strategies to optimize its usage. Involvement of male partners in PMTCT counselling is significantly associated with consistent condom use and should therefore be advocated to augment efforts towards fighting sexual and perinatal HIV transmission.

Background: Establishing healthy behaviours during childhood is easier and more effective than tr... more Background: Establishing healthy behaviours during childhood is easier and more effective than trying to change unhealthy behaviours during adulthood. The school is a place where education and health programmes can have their greatest impact because it can reach students at influential stages of their lives. We evaluated the status of school health instruction in public and private primary schools in Jos, Nigeria. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study involving 66 schools (20 public and 46 private) in Jos, was conducted to evaluate the status of school health instruction. A School Health Evaluation Scale was completed for each school by direct interview and inspection to ascertain the availability of the various components of school health instruction. Results: In 12 (18.2%) schools (5 public and 7 private), health education was taught by a professional health education teacher (p = 0.49). The most frequently taught topics were Personal Health and Safety Education (98.5% each). HIV/AIDS was taught by only 12.1% of the teachers. In most schools (61, 92.4%), health instruction was done in the classroom only. Only five (7.6%) schools, all private, had sent their teachers on inservice training with regard to health teaching. Overall, twenty-two (33.3%) schools, two (10.0%) public and 20 (43.5%) private attained the minimum acceptable score (p = 0.01). Conclusion: The status of school health instruction in primary schools in Jos was generally poor, especially in the public schools. Attention should be paid to the implementation of school health instruction including curriculum development, teaching methods and teacher training.

Tropical Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2018

background: Antenatal care has an important role in identifying high-risk pregnancies and improvi... more background: Antenatal care has an important role in identifying high-risk pregnancies and improving the chances of safe motherhood particularly in developing countries where obstetric indicators are still poor. The objective of this study was to determine the choices women of reproductive age in Vom, a semirural town at the outskirts of Jos the capital of Plateau State Nigeria made to have antenatal care. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out between January and March 2015 in Vom, a semirural area about 30 km from Jos the capital of Plateau State among 2,641 (Two thousand six hundred and forty one) women of reproductive age. Results: Fifty-eight percent of the respondents opted for antenatal care in government-owned hospitals while 29% chose faith-based institution which was in their vicinity, 11% favored private hospitals for antenatal care, while 1% chose traditional birth attendants (TBAs) and prayer houses to receive antenatal care. The majority of the respondents (32%) were females between the ages of 40 and 44 years while 22% were aged between 25 and 29 years of age. They were predominantly farmers of the Berom ethnic group and 47% of them had completed primary level of education. Conclusion: Females in the reproductive age in this rural setting in northcentral Nigeria favored government-owned hospitals as places to receive antenatal care. Their choices were not affected by their educational status varied according to the age ranges of the respondents.

Highland Medical Research Journal, 2020

Background: Early initiation of antenatal care is believed to improve maternal and foetal outcome... more Background: Early initiation of antenatal care is believed to improve maternal and foetal outcome. We sought to ascertain gestational age at booking and the outcome of these pregnancies at a faith based hospital in northern Nigeria. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study of patients who booked for antenatal care at the Faith Alive Hospital, Jos, st st Nigeria between 1 January, 2010 to 31 December, 2017 was done. Information regarding demographics, gestational age at booking and outcome of these pregnancies were analyzed. Result: During the study period, 3739 women registered for antenatal care. Majority of women were 20-24years (n= 1252 , 33.5 %) while The mean age was 28 ± 4years Of these women, 96.2% were married , 75.2% were Christians, 43.8% had secondary level of education and 41.2% were traders. st Furthermore, 23.2% of the clients booked in the 1 trimester in 2010, decreased to 17.3% in 2012 but progressively increased to 35.2% , 40.2% and 53.4% in 2014, 2015 and 2017 respectively. There was a significant statistical association between parity, marital status and educational status with late booking for antenatal care. Clients who booked late for antenatal care had poorer neonatal outcomes (low birth weight, still births and birth asphyxia) compared to those who booked early. Conclusion: Late initiation of antenatal care is common in our environment and associated with poorer neonatal outcomes.  Nonetheless, a progressive improvement in early bookings was noticed with improved pregnancy outcome. Key Words: Gestational age, booking, pregnancy outcome, Faith Alive, Jo

Highland Medical Research Journal, Aug 27, 2020

Tropical journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 2020

Self-synthesizing transposons are integrative mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that encode their ow... more Self-synthesizing transposons are integrative mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that encode their own B-family DNA polymerase (PolB). Discovered a few years ago, they are proposed as key players in the evolution of several groups of DNA viruses and virus-host interaction machinery. Pipolins are the most recent addition to the group, are integrated in the genomes of bacteria from diverse phyla and also present as circular plasmids in mitochondria. Remarkably, pipolins-encoded PolBs are proficient DNA polymerases endowed with DNA priming capacity, hence the name, primerindependent PolB (piPolB). We have now surveyed the presence of pipolins in a collection of 2238 human and animal pathogenic Escherichia coli strains and found that, although detected in only 25 new isolates (1.1%), they are present in E. coli strains from a wide variety of pathotypes, serotypes, phylogenetic groups and sequence types. Overall, the pangenome of strains carrying pipolins is highly diverse, despite the fact that a considerable number of strains belongs to only three clonal complexes (CC10, CC23 and CC32). Comparative analysis with a set of 67 additional pipolin-harboring strains from GenBank further confirmed these results. The genetic structure of pipolins shows great flexibility and variability, with the piPolB gene and the attachment sites being the only common features. Most pipolins contain one or more recombinases that would be involved in excision/integration of the element in the same conserved tRNA gene. This mobilization mechanism might explain the apparent incompatibility of pipolins with other integrative MGEs such as integrons. In addition, analysis of cophylogeny between pipolins and pipolin-harboring strains showed a lack of congruence between several pipolins and their host strains, in agreement with horizontal transfer between hosts. Overall, these results indicate that pipolins can serve as a vehicle for genetic transfer among circulating E. coli and possibly also among other pathogenic bacteria.

International Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Education and Behavioural Science, 2021

Nigeria bears 10% of global HIV burden and contributes 32% to global unmet-need for Prevention of... more Nigeria bears 10% of global HIV burden and contributes 32% to global unmet-need for Prevention of Mother to Child transmission of HIV (PMTCT), which together with heterosexual transmission are the epidemic’s key drivers as PMTCT clinics show approximately 45% serodiscordance rates among couples. WHO recommends accelerated Anti-retroviral Therapy initiation for all persons living with HIV (PLHIV) for improved quality-of-life and preventing new vertical and horizontal infections, using same drug – Emtricitabine, Tenofovir and Efaverenz (once daily Atripla). The policy paper seeks to make a case that the National PMTCT task team and the Federal Ministry of health of Nigeria, should make a policy change, and shift from the current Option B PMTCT option. The option provides Antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) to pregnant HIV positive women who do for PMTCT, but discontinue them after cessation of breast-feeding, when the viral load is above 500cells/mm3. It proposes that the country should rathe...

Highland Medical Research Journal, 2015

Background: Health care workers in maternity units are exposed to potentially infectious body flu... more Background: Health care workers in maternity units are exposed to potentially infectious body fluids in the course of their duties. The study assessed the knowledge, attitude and practice of maternity unit staff in Jos Metropolis regarding Universal Precautions (UP) against the background of the high HIV seroprevalence in Plateau state, Nigeria.Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study carried out among maternity unit staff in Jos, Nigeria. A pretested, structured, anonymous questionnaire on knowledge, attitude and practice on universal precautions concerning HIV was administered to a sample of 230.Results: A total of 202 questionnaires were completed and returned giving a response rate was 87.8%, 68.5% of the respondents were female and 31.5% male; 63 of the respondents were physicians while 139 were non physicians. 52 (82.5%) physicians and 113 (81.3%) non physician cadre staff correctly identified UP in the context of labour ward practice to apply to blood, vaginal secretions ...

International journal of biomedical research, 2017

Background: Standard safety precautions are the basic level of infection control precautions whic... more Background: Standard safety precautions are the basic level of infection control precautions which are to be used, as a minimum, in the care of all patients. The control of spread of pathogens from any source is key in avoidance of transmission among health care worker.The practices of standard safety precaution helps to protect the patient by ensuring that the health care workers does not transmit infectious agents to the patients through their hands or equipment during patient care.Hence, this study was conducted to assess the knowledge and practice of standard safety precautions among Primary Health Care workers in Plateau State.Methodology: A cross sectional study conducted among 50 primary health care workers from 30 publicly owned Primary Health Care centers using quantitative method of data collection. Epi info statistical software version 3.5.4 was used for data analysis with a 95% confidence interval was used in this study and a p-value of ? 0.05 was considered statisticall...

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2015

Background: Induction of labour (IOL) is a common procedure that remains a relevant Obstetric pro... more Background: Induction of labour (IOL) is a common procedure that remains a relevant Obstetric procedure. The maternal and perinatal outcomes are paramount hence the need to review the intervention in order to implement needed change. Objectives: To determine incidence, indications, outcome and complications of induction of labour at the Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH), Jos, Nigeria. Methods: This was a retrospective study reviewing 584 women who had IOL in JUTH from January 2004 to December 2007. Parameters selected for review include parity, gestation age, outcome and cervical state prior to IOL. Results: Four hundred and eighty women had vaginal deliveries (82.2%). There were fifty two induced on account of antepartum Intra Uterine Foetal Deaths (IUFD), while 1.5% of the deliveries ended up as still births, 10.5% had birth asphyxia and neonatology review and care. Thirty two patients had various complications after IOL. There were no maternal mortalities. Conclusion: Parity and presence of IUFD were found to influence the outcome of IOL.

International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 2009

Objectives: In preventing HIV mother/child transmission, contraception is core. The study evaluat... more Objectives: In preventing HIV mother/child transmission, contraception is core. The study evaluates its utilization as a PMTCT strategy. Methods: Questionnaires were administered to 350 post partum HIV positive women attending post natal clinic in JUTH. Data were analysed. Results: Age range was 19-44 years, with 81.4% Christians and 18.6% Moslems. Majority (87.1%) were married with 36.1% Housewives. No/ informal education featured in 4.9% each, 20.1% had primary, 35.5% secondary while 34.4% had tertiary. Knowledge of positivity ranged months to years, but 44.1% knew in past 2 years. Husbands were positive in 47.6%, negative in 24.4% and unknown in 28.1%. Parity range was 1 to 10, with 19.3% had 1 previous, 23.6% had 2 and 21.6% had 3 previous pregnancies. Living children ranged 0 to 9, with 59.1% had 1-2, and while range of the number of children that had died was from 0 to 6 per woman and 32.4% had lost 1 child. Preceding pregnancies were planned in 38%, unplanned in 62%. Some 33.8% did not desire more children, 62.2% did. Sexually activity was present in all. Awareness of contraception was high in 84.5% of the women, but 87.1% used no female method, 4% occasionally and 8.9% always. Injectable was used by 26 (54.2%) of those on contraception. However 37% of spouses always used condoms, 34.7% sometimes and 28.3% never. Of those who indicated they didn't want more children, 48.4% contracepted regularly. Those who desired contraception were 52.2%. Only 72% had been to FP clinic before, among who 30.5% disclosed their status there. 92.7% were not stigmatised. Husbands encouraged FP in 49.4% of cases. A total 52.2% requested FP referrals. However 80.7% indicated FP will be better assessable in the HIV Clinic. Conclusion: The unmet need for contraception is high among HIV positives. Non provision of FP at postnatal and treatment Clinics may contribute. There is need to integrate FP into care of HIV positives and offer contraception at premises where antiretroviral drugs are dispensed as well as routine post natal clinics.

European Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2015

Aim: This study aimed at accessing the knowledge and acceptance of women receiving Antenatal care... more Aim: This study aimed at accessing the knowledge and acceptance of women receiving Antenatal care (ANC) at the Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH) to the concept of Provider Initiated HIV Testing and Counselling (PITC) during antenatal care and in Labour, as a departure from e Client Initiated Counseling and Testing(CICT) or Voluntary Counseling and Testing(VCT). Issues /Background: Nigeria has a huge Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) gap and strategies need to change to identify and prevent new infections. Since voluntary HIV testing in ANC settings still has a low yield, it is necessary for health workers to initiate HIV testing and expand testing to women in labour and those that delivered. The study was aimed at assessing clients' acceptability of PITC. Methods: A structured questionnaire was administered to 170 women attending antenatal clinic in JUTH to evaluate their views about PITC. Findings were analyzed with the Epi Info Statistical Package. Results: The age range was 17-46 years, 52.9% were Christians and 47.1% were Moslems; 35.5% were housewives and 24.7% were students. One lady was single, 169 (99.4%) were married. Some 41.8% had tertiary education, 29.4% had secondary; others had primary and informal education. Pregnant women constituted 92.4% while 7.6% were post-natal. About 94.7% were aware of HCT and 87.1% had done the test. Some 93.5% affirmed benefits and 96.5% supported testing. Regarding PITC in labour, 87.9% felt it was beneficial if women had not tested before, others felt she should be left because of pains. About 74.1% indicated babies could benefit from preventive intervention if mothers tested positive in labour, 19.4% didn't know and 6.5% said the baby could not be helped. Husbands of 98.1% had approved their testing, but three (1.9%) were disallowed. About 90% felt women that previously tested negative should be retested,5% felt that it was unnecessary and 4.1% didn't know while 68.5% felt test should be discouraged regards causing marital disharmony. A total of 168 (98.5%) encouraged the test while 2 (1.5%) said they discourage people from taking the test. PITC should not be offered women faithful to spouse while 94.1% felt the test should be offered to people who don't look ill while 3.6% felt it shouldn't. Conclusion: Awareness of HIV screening in pregnancy and labour is high among our antenatal population, but not all accept HCT. There is need for continuing health education regarding PITC , male involvement and couple counseling.

African Journal of Reproductive Health, 2013

HIV testing during labour and delivery provides a critical opportunity for administering appropri... more HIV testing during labour and delivery provides a critical opportunity for administering appropriate interventions to prevent mother-to-child-transmission (PMTCT). We studied current HIV rates and infection trend among women tested during delivery following scale-up of PMTCT and antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs in Jos, north central Nigeria. Between March 2010 and January 2012, provider-initiated HIV testing and counselling was offered in early labour. Women were recruited from a government tertiary health centre, a faith-based hospital, and a private health centre. Those who previously tested HIV negative during antenatal care (ANC) and those who presented at the labour ward with unknown HIV status were tested. A total of 944 subjects (727 re-tested for HIV infection and 217 with unknown HIV status) were enrolled and tested during labour. The HIV incidence and sero-conversion rates during pregnancy among women who repeated HIV testing at delivery was 1.7 per 100 person-years o...

European Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2021

Towards achieving an AIDS-free generation, UNAIDS set the 90-90-90 target aiming at 90% of HIV po... more Towards achieving an AIDS-free generation, UNAIDS set the 90-90-90 target aiming at 90% of HIV positive persons knowing their status, 90% of positives receive sustained antiretroviral drugs and 90% of those receiving ARVs attain virologic suppression by 2020. The attainment are dependent on continual access, quality care and treatment retention, so efforts must address context specific barriers to accessing services. The ethnoreligious conflicts in Jos created barriers to accessing HIV/PMTCT services, even when treatment sites existed around the metropolis. Fifteen communities lacked comprehensive HIV services and residents could not access treatment facilities because of security challenges. A specialized strategy using community oriented resource persons (CORPs) and task shifting task sharing (TSTS) principles conceptualized by stakeholders was utilized to bridge personnel gaps and scale-up PMTCT. The HIV Lead Implementing Partner supported a faith based community organization to ...

Jos Journal of Medicine, 2014

Background : With advances in management, education, awareness and improved nutrition, men and wo... more Background : With advances in management, education, awareness and improved nutrition, men and women with sickle cell disease are enjoying an improved quality of life well into adulthood, when they elect to plan a family. As a result, sickle cell disease is a common haemoglobinopathy encountered during pregnancy in Nigeria. Reports from other parts of the country have documented increased maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, but none has been reported from Jos. Materials and Methods : A retrospective review of pregnancy outcome in patients with sicle cell disease managed at the Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos over a 5year period was carried out. Data extracted from patients' case files were analysed using simple statistical methods with Epi info 2002 statistical software. Results : Case files of patients with sickle cell disease in pregnancy during the period under review were retrieved. The mean maternal age was 25.1±3.9 years. The mean gestational age at booki...

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus pandemic is negatively affecting the reproductive health of wome... more The Human Immunodeficiency Virus pandemic is negatively affecting the reproductive health of women in Nigeria. It is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, especially where secondary infections exist. Studies document that HIV positive women are prone to reproductive and urinary tract infections, and due to physiologic changes in pregnancy, there is higher incidence of urinary infections among pregnant women, with or without symptoms. This prospective cohort study investigates for asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy among HIV seropositive women, to identify if HIV positivity confers additional risks for occurrence. We recruited 119 pregnant HIV positive women and 152 HIV negative controls from Jos University teaching hospital and Faith Alive hospital in Jos, Nigeria and screened for asymptomatic bacteriuria. Bacteriuria was confirmed when two separate urine samples, in the same woman, showed presence of 105 CFU/ml (100,000 organisms) of same species. Laboratory personn...

Science Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2014

Background: Globally, although school - aged children do not suffer from the high mortality of pr... more Background: Globally, although school - aged children do not suffer from the high mortality of pre-school children, there exists a high burden of morbidity among them. School Health Services have been designed to appraise, protect and promote the health of the school population to enable them benefit maximally from the school system. We evaluated the status of the school health services in public and private primary schools in Jos. Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional descriptive study. A sampling ratio of 50% of all registered schools was applied to select 20 public and 46 private schools using a stratified random sampling technique. A School Health Evaluation Scale Questionnaire was completed for each school by direct interview and inspection. Results:Twenty four (36.4%) schools had health personnel, 2 public and 22 private (p = 0.003). Sixty- five (98.5%) schools performed routine inspection of the pupils. Twelve (18.2%) schools requested pre-admission/employment med...

Context: Female cancer is a public health problem the world over. The malignancies of the female ... more Context: Female cancer is a public health problem the world over. The malignancies of the female genital organs are major causes of morbidity and mortality which necessitates data for policy formulation and health planning. Objective: To document the relative frequency, age distribution and histological patterns of gynaecological malignancies seen at the Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH). Methodology: A retrospective 5 year review of all gynaecological malignancies seen at the JUTH. Main outcome measures: frequency, age distribution and histological patterns of gynaecological malignancies Result: Female genital tract cancers account for 5.4% of gynaecological disorders in JUTH. The complete records of 203 out of 250 patients with gynaecological malignancies were retrieved giving a retrieval rate of 81.2%. Of these 203 case records, 152(74.9%) cases were from the uterine cervix while 31(15.3%) and 13(6.5%) cases were from the ovary and uterine corpus respectively. The vagina an...