Tarun Virmani - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Tarun Virmani

Indo global journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2020

Molecules, Sep 6, 2022

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

International journal of drug delivery technology, Jun 30, 2022

Vascular dementia (VaD) is associated with chronic brain ischemia and gradual memory loss which i... more Vascular dementia (VaD) is associated with chronic brain ischemia and gradual memory loss which is increasing gradually but limited treatments are available as therapeutic moieties to combat the VaD. Hence in this study Indian propolis alone or in combination with curcumin was explored as a treatment modality to alleviate the VaD. VaD model was induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO). Indian propolis (200 mg/kg), curcumin (200 mg/kg) individually, and the combination of Indian propolis (100 mg/kg) with curcumin (100 mg/kg) were administered in BCCAO model followed by an estimation of behavioral (neurological score, hanging and open field test) and biochemical parameters (reduced glutathione, catalase, malondialdehyde, and acetylcholine esterase). In this study it was found that there were no changes in the locomotor activity while the neurological score was reduced and the hanging time was increased in the drug treated group which clearly depicts the neuroprotective potential of curcumin, Indian propolis individually and the combination of Indian propolis with curcumin. The combination of Indian propolis with curcumin was much better in terms of neuroprotective activity than Indian propolis and curcumin treated group as depicted by the results of behavioural and biochemical parameters. Moreover, haematoxylin and eosin (H and E) staining was performed, and was found that a combination of Indian propolis (100 mg/kg) with curcumin (100 mg/kg) attenuated better histological alterations of the hippocampus in BCCAO model group than in other treated groups. Hence these findings provided that Indian propolis in combination with curcumin has great potential as a neuroprotective agent on the cognitive deficits of VaD rats.

International Journal of Agriculture and Animal Production

Boerhavia diffusa Linn (B. diffusa) belongs to the family Nyctaginaceae, commonly referred to as ... more Boerhavia diffusa Linn (B. diffusa) belongs to the family Nyctaginaceae, commonly referred to as Punarnava. It is a rasayana plant that has anti-aging, disease prevention and life-building activities. In this study, B. diffusa Linn’s roots were collected from four different geographical locations in Indian territory i.e. Jhansi, Bangalore, Punjab and Delhi for comparative standardization. The study was carried out in accordance with WHO guidelines to determine the purity and correct identity of plant parts. It also helps detect adulterations, botanical verification, and physical and chemical parameters, and gives the notion of drug quality. In the present work, detailed comparative Pharmacognosy, morphology, anatomy and phytochemical studies of root of B.diffusa Linn from Four different geographical regions in India have been carried out. The results show that all four B.diffusa from different geographical regions revealed that all are very distinct. The anatomical parameters and ph...

Research in Pharmacy and Health Sciences in Volume 4, Issue 3: July 2018- September 2018, 2018

Medicinal plants are rich in several potential drugs and it carries healthier and harmless altern... more Medicinal plants are rich in several potential drugs and it carries healthier and harmless alternate to synthetic system of drugs. Plant Cynodon dactylon (L.) (doob/ bermuda grass) family (Graminae/Poaceae) is one of them. It is a perennial grass circulated all over the world, and particularly it is native to the high temperate and tropical regions. In various states of India doob grass is known by different names like Durva (Marathi), Arukampillu (Tamil), Durba (Bengali), Dhro (Gujarati), Shataparva (Sanskrit), Garichgaddi (Telugu) etc. It is the second most holy plant of Hindu religious after Tulsi (Oscimum sanctum). It has various medicinal values and it is used in the treatment of various types of diseases in the form of various dosage forms like powder, paste or extracts. The plant of C. dactylon has a variety of biological activities like antiviral, antibacterial, antimicrobial and specially wound healing properties. Furthermore, it has been broadly used in ancient medicines t...

Behavioural Neurology

Cannabidiol (CBD), derived from Cannabis sativa, has gained remarkable attention for its potentia... more Cannabidiol (CBD), derived from Cannabis sativa, has gained remarkable attention for its potential therapeutic applications. This thorough analysis explores the increasing significance of CBD in treating neurological conditions including epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease, which present major healthcare concerns on a worldwide scale. Despite the lack of available therapies, CBD has been shown to possess a variety of pharmacological effects in preclinical and clinical studies, making it an intriguing competitor. This review brings together the most recent findings on the endocannabinoid and neurotransmitter systems, as well as anti-inflammatory pathways, that underlie CBD’s modes of action. Synthesized efficacy and safety assessments for a range of neurological illnesses are included, covering human trials, in vitro studies, and animal models. The investigation includes how CBD could protect neurons, control neuroinflammation, fend off oxidativ...

Polymers, Jul 1, 2023

Separations, Jun 19, 2023

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Mar 4, 2017

Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder that can cause significant disability ... more Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder that can cause significant disability and decreased quality of life. It is a multidimensional disease and management needs to be holistic, incorporating the patient and family, utilizing a multidisciplinary team and addressing both medical as well as rehabilitation issues from diagnosis to advanced disease. In the present study, sustained release tablets of Rasagiline mesylate is designed using xanthan gum (XG), and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose K 100 M (HPMC) as release retarding polymers alone or in combination as Rasagiline is a better alternative and considered as drug of choice for effective treatment of Parkinson's disease with reduced side effects. Tablets were formulated in nine batches by using different ratios of drug and excipients. The drug release profiles of various formulations showed that these were successful in effectively sustaining the drug release from the matrix tablets, as set in objectives.

International research journal of pharmacy, Sep 6, 2019

The present study was done to investigate the antiepileptic activity of different extracts of lea... more The present study was done to investigate the antiepileptic activity of different extracts of leaves of Sterculia guttata. Methanolic and aqueous extracts of the leaves of Sterculia guttata were evaluated for antiepileptic activity using PTZ (Phenyltetrazole 100 mg/kg), MES (Maximal Electroshock Convulsions 75 mA), Strychnine (4 mg/kg) and Picrotoxin (3.5 mg/kg) induced seizures. Swiss albino mice were randomly selected and subjected to dosages of 100, 300 and 500 mg/kg of body weight of each extract used in study. Diazepam and phenytoin were used as standard drugs for all experimental methods in the dose of 4 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg respectively. The results were analyzed by applying one-way ANOVA (Analysis of variance) followed by Dunnett's t-Test and compared with the control group. The software used for calculating the significance of result was Graph Pad (All values expressed as mean ± SEM; n = 6 mice in each group, significance values are *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001.) The methanol extracts of leaves of Sterculia guttata showed significant anticonvulsant activity by increasing onset of seizure, the time of latency and reducing duration of extensor phase of seizure in MES and PTZ induced seizures. Picrotoxin and strychnine induced seizure model also showed significant results but up to less extent as compare to MES and PTZ animal models. The ideal dose from the methanol extract was 300 and 500 mg/kg. The aqueous extract showed significant result but only at the dose of 500 mg/kg.

International research journal of pharmacy, Aug 27, 2018

In this research work we have seen the effect of different polymers (Xanthan gum, carbopol, gella... more In this research work we have seen the effect of different polymers (Xanthan gum, carbopol, gellan gum) on in-vitro release profile of timolol maleate. Ophthalmic drug delivery is the best route of administration for the topical action at the ocular site. The main aim of designing a therapeutic system is to achieve the optimal concentration of a drug entity at the active site for the appropriate duration. Optimum rheological properties of gels increase the contact time by reducing the clearance due to the mucoadhesive property of the polymer used. Mostly gels exhibit pseudoplasticity; they cannot be easily delivered to the eye. The phase transition in the in-situ forming gel preparation can be induced by a pH shift as in case of Xanthan gum and by the presence of the de acetylated gellan gum). From this comparison studies we concluded that xanthan gum in a concentration of 0.4%w/v show the maximum drug release of timolol maleate and other parameters also it shows the best results. Thus, from experimental data, it is clear that the gellan gum and Carbopol can be replaced by xanthan gum polymer in gel forming solution. The viscosity of the formulation is also between the limits and can be tolerable by our eye which is further compared with innovator sample of gellan gum which shows 106cps at 90 RPM.

Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results, Oct 22, 2022

The present study aims to enhance the bioavailability of Blueberry by formulating it as nanosuspe... more The present study aims to enhance the bioavailability of Blueberry by formulating it as nanosuspension. Blueberry mainly consists of anthocyanins which have strong antihyperlipidemic activity but suffers from low bioavailability which causes hindrances in its therapeutic activity to treat hyperlipidemia. Hence to improve its bioavailability, nanosuspension of blueberry was prepared. Box-Behnken design was applied to predict the effect of independent variables namely concentration of chitosan and concentration of tripolyphosphate (TPP) and stirring speed on two responses namely particle size and entrapment efficiency. The design suggested that a formulation having a particle size of 205.05nm and entrapment efficiency of 76.60 % will be an optimized formulation if it has chitosan, TPP,and stirring speed of 0.5%, 0.05%,and 1050 rpm respectively. The formulation suggested by design was prepared and it was found that particle size and entrapment efficiency of nanosuspension 198.5 nm and 75.14±0.56 % respectively. In addition, it was found to have polydispersity index, refractive index, zeta potential of 0.351, 1.33, 21.08mv respectively.SEM analysis showed the droplet size under 200nm.When compared towards blueberry nanosuspension with drug extract release it shows the controlled release of drug up to 8 hrs which enhances the bioavailability of drug and drug extract suspension showed the maximum release in 2hrs which shows the immediate release of the drug. As a result, our research shows that nanotechnology might be utilized as an effective approach increasing the bioavailability of blueberry nanosuspension and this article also focuses on the antihyperlipidemic activity of anthocyanin.

Nanomedicine, Oct 1, 2022

Abnormalities in airway mucus lead to chronic disorders in the pulmonary system such as asthma, f... more Abnormalities in airway mucus lead to chronic disorders in the pulmonary system such as asthma, fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Among these, COPD is more prominent worldwide. Various conventional approaches are available in the market for the treatment of COPD, but the delivery of drugs to the target site remains a challenge with conventional approaches. Nanocarrier-based approaches are considered the best due to their sustained release properties to the target site, smaller size, high surface-to-volume ratio, patient compliance, overcoming airway defenses and improved pharmacotherapy. This article provides updated information about the treatment of COPD along with nanocarrier-based approaches as well as the potential of gene therapy and stem cell therapy to combat the COPD.

Advances in bioinformatics and biomedical engineering book series, Mar 25, 2022

Arising propensity in drug delivery techniques and combinatorial chemistry have prompted the deve... more Arising propensity in drug delivery techniques and combinatorial chemistry have prompted the development of new drug molecules having poor aqueous solubility and high lipophilicity, which is the primary hurdle in bioavailability. Therefore, a variety of techniques are used to improve the aqueous solubility of drugs among which nanoemulsion is an advanced and promising approach. Basically, oil in water and water in oil type nanoemulsion are used for improvement of aqueous solubility, but water instability, water insolubility, and susceptibility to oxidation and hydrolysis of some drugs insist to develop nanoemulsion without aqueous phase, which is termed as non-aqueous nanoemulsion or anhydrous nanoemulsion. Non-aqueous or anhydrous nanoemulsion is an innovative kinetically stable colloidal dispersion having size range of 10-100 nanometers, which is developed by substituting the aqueous phase with the non-aqueous polar phase having low oxygen amount.