Rabia Tabassum - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
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Stars are formed following the gravitational collapse of cold molecular clouds found in the Unive... more Stars are formed following the gravitational collapse of cold molecular clouds found in the Universe. As the cloud or portions of it collapses, approximately half of the gravitational energy gained is used to increase the internal temperature of the cloud and the remaining energy is irradiated as electromagnetic radiation in space.
Islam is a religion that teaches us the several ways to praise the uncountable kindness of Allah ... more Islam is a religion that teaches us the several ways to praise the uncountable kindness of Allah Almighty offering Salaat (Prayer) on time is one of them. The knowledge of starting and ending times have the fundamentals importance to the Muslims, As it is farz (obligatory) for Muslims to offer five times Salaat a day which are Fajr, Zuhar, Aser, Maghrib and Esha. In this research, the astronomical improve mathematical models of Salaat timing are developed in line with the major school of thought of Islamic jurisprudence. The tracking of a true Sun, for calculating the hour angles on elliptic at five different places and developing the models of Zuhar and Aser Salaat timing according to Shafi and Hanfi school of thought are the key objectives of this research. There are various astronomical measures like Astronomical Islamic twilight (AIT), Depression angle, Declination of sun and Equation of time are used in this study to construct the models. Finally, validation of model with avail...
Stars are formed following the gravitational collapse of cold molecular clouds found in the Unive... more Stars are formed following the gravitational collapse of cold molecular clouds found in the Universe. As the cloud or portions of it collapses, approximately half of the gravitational energy gained is used to increase the internal temperature of the cloud and the remaining energy is irradiated as electromagnetic radiation in space.
Islam is a religion that teaches us the several ways to praise the uncountable kindness of Allah ... more Islam is a religion that teaches us the several ways to praise the uncountable kindness of Allah Almighty offering Salaat (Prayer) on time is one of them. The knowledge of starting and ending times have the fundamentals importance to the Muslims, As it is farz (obligatory) for Muslims to offer five times Salaat a day which are Fajr, Zuhar, Aser, Maghrib and Esha. In this research, the astronomical improve mathematical models of Salaat timing are developed in line with the major school of thought of Islamic jurisprudence. The tracking of a true Sun, for calculating the hour angles on elliptic at five different places and developing the models of Zuhar and Aser Salaat timing according to Shafi and Hanfi school of thought are the key objectives of this research. There are various astronomical measures like Astronomical Islamic twilight (AIT), Depression angle, Declination of sun and Equation of time are used in this study to construct the models. Finally, validation of model with avail...