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Papers by Tabasum Firdous
International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews (IJRAR), 2019
In the recent past, the violent character of political mobilisation in Kyrgyzstan has become a de... more In the recent past, the violent character of political mobilisation in Kyrgyzstan has become a defining feature to understand the pattern of political process in Kyrgyzstan. In the last fifteen years, Kyrgyzstan has witnessed two major uprisings against its unpopular leadership over massive corruption in governance and fraudulent elections which resulted in the forcible overthrow of first and second president of Kyrgyzstan. The 2005 Tulip Revolution in 2005 has ended the fifteen-year rule of Askar Akayev, while the 'April Revolution' in 2010, marked the transition of Kyrgyzstan from strong presidentialism to parliamentary democracy; making it a standalone case among all the central Asian Republics. However, Kyrgyzstan's experience with parliamentary democracy has been very shaky, as it has resulted in an unstable series of coalition government and factional politics. The present paper aims to understand Kyrgyzstan's journey of democratic transition through a series of major violent episodes and emphasises how ruling elites have changed the course of parliamentary democracy in the country. It is argued, that since 'revolutions' in Kyrgyzstan have failed to bring about democracy in Kyrgyzstan, they, nevertheless, have a potential to further polarise the country and plunge Kyrgyzstan into further instability. The paper is divided into many sub parts and each party represents a different phase of mobilisation so as to understand the discontinuous and uneven process of democracy development in the country with respect to major political upheavals in the country.
The Journal of Central Asian Studies, 2017
The fall of USSR has brought tremendous changes both at global and regional level. We have seen t... more The fall of USSR has brought tremendous changes both at global and regional level. We have seen the emergence of five Central Asian independent states. The shift from closed societies to open democratic process has initiated the democratization process invited different players besides state to play their role in the socio-political development of these countries. Under such environment the emergence of NGOs became possible; however, their pace of development within and across the region is different from one state to another state. While some states have achieved political success, others have done fairly well on the economic front. Except in Kyrgyzstan's case, the leaders of Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan have strongly resisted political change and instead they have adopted internal political mechanisms with varying style to stay in power. Kyrgyzstan to a large extent affirming the path of democratization and promotion of basic human rights as national development priorities provided a space for NGOs to emerge. The most recent events in this country have revealed an integral political aspect of the role NGOs play as mediators and active participants in the process, involving meetings and negotiations at the highest levels. Kyrgyz NGOs, regardless of the particular field of their respective activities, have realized that even local problems in society cannot be addressed in the absence of changes in the legal, social, economic and political environments. In this regard, the present study is an attempt to examine the role NGOs in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan and to access their contribution in terms of civil society promotion, human rights and election on comparative basis.
International Journal of Information Technology
Journal of South Asian Studies, 2015
The fall of USSR has brought tremendous changes both at global and regional level. We have seen t... more The fall of USSR has brought tremendous changes both at global and regional level. We have seen the emergence of five Central Asian independent states. The shift from closed societies to open democratic process has initiated the democratization process invited different players besides state to play their role in the socio-political development of these countries. Under such environment the emergence of NGOs became possible; however, their pace of development within and across the region is different from one state to another state. While some states have achieved political success, others have done fairly well on the economic front. Except in Kyrgyzstan’s case, the leaders of Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan have strongly resisted political change and instead they have adopted internal political mechanisms with varying style to stay in power. Kyrgyzstan to a large extent affirming the path of democratization and promotion of basic human rights as national develop...
Post-World War II era witnessed the ideological conflict between two power blocs that was termed ... more Post-World War II era witnessed the ideological conflict between two power blocs that was termed by Bernard Baruch as 'Cold War'. This confrontation inseminated the seeds of conflict at certain places in a way that, even after twenty-five years of post-Cold war, achieving peace and stability has become a complex task. Afghan conflict also represents the same legacy of Cold war that has not only dismantled the country, but has emerged out as a most serious threat to the regional and global peace. Thus, it is obvious for the world-nations to dwell in for seeking a viable solution to assure peace. With the NATO (Northern Atlantic Treaty Organization)-drawdown from Afghanistan and designs to withdraw International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) completely in near future, the regional actors including Pakistan, Iran, India, China, Central Asian Republics (CARs) and even Russia have to share the burden for assuring stability and prosperity of the region. The main issues of conce...
IntroductionIn the last few years, there has been emphasis on 'New Silk Route Strategy' a... more IntroductionIn the last few years, there has been emphasis on 'New Silk Route Strategy' a new diplomatic vision for building peaceful and stable Afghanistan after 2014 NATO withdrawal. The New Silk Road vision aims at knitting South-Central Asian region that would fix Afghanistan into a regional integration process. So far several connectivity projects have been conceived in order to realize the idea. The various actors of the project are being persuaded both by the functional and neo-functional type of bargaining. Such a route will also be a modern day manifestation of the historical Silk Road, through which South and Central Asian nations get connected with each other for trade, cultural exchanges etc. The visionary plan envisages, building more rail lines, highways as well as laying energy infrastructure. The proposed pipelines which constitute another dimension of this mega project, originate in Turkmenistan, running through Afghanistan and Pakistan, enter into Indian te...
Journal of South Asian Studies, 2014
The power vacuum created with the fall of USSR had made Central Asia the focal point for contesta... more The power vacuum created with the fall of USSR had made Central Asia the focal point for contestation among both the regional like Iran, Turkey, Pakistan, India and External players for influence, power, hegemony racing to establish links via through roads, pipelines, air routes, alliances and what not. These great powers made central Asian region as a chessboard for outsmarting one another through cleverness and wit and at times adapting policies of appeasement. In other words, Central Asia has become a “zone of intense, complex interaction between local conditions and the larger world system. India being one of the contestants though small and later comer have found a significant place as for as its connections, policies and strategies vis-a-vis Central Asia is concerned. The paper is an attempt to analyze the place of India vis-a-vis other players of the region.
International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews (IJRAR), 2019
In the recent past, the violent character of political mobilisation in Kyrgyzstan has become a de... more In the recent past, the violent character of political mobilisation in Kyrgyzstan has become a defining feature to understand the pattern of political process in Kyrgyzstan. In the last fifteen years, Kyrgyzstan has witnessed two major uprisings against its unpopular leadership over massive corruption in governance and fraudulent elections which resulted in the forcible overthrow of first and second president of Kyrgyzstan. The 2005 Tulip Revolution in 2005 has ended the fifteen-year rule of Askar Akayev, while the 'April Revolution' in 2010, marked the transition of Kyrgyzstan from strong presidentialism to parliamentary democracy; making it a standalone case among all the central Asian Republics. However, Kyrgyzstan's experience with parliamentary democracy has been very shaky, as it has resulted in an unstable series of coalition government and factional politics. The present paper aims to understand Kyrgyzstan's journey of democratic transition through a series of major violent episodes and emphasises how ruling elites have changed the course of parliamentary democracy in the country. It is argued, that since 'revolutions' in Kyrgyzstan have failed to bring about democracy in Kyrgyzstan, they, nevertheless, have a potential to further polarise the country and plunge Kyrgyzstan into further instability. The paper is divided into many sub parts and each party represents a different phase of mobilisation so as to understand the discontinuous and uneven process of democracy development in the country with respect to major political upheavals in the country.
The Journal of Central Asian Studies, 2017
The fall of USSR has brought tremendous changes both at global and regional level. We have seen t... more The fall of USSR has brought tremendous changes both at global and regional level. We have seen the emergence of five Central Asian independent states. The shift from closed societies to open democratic process has initiated the democratization process invited different players besides state to play their role in the socio-political development of these countries. Under such environment the emergence of NGOs became possible; however, their pace of development within and across the region is different from one state to another state. While some states have achieved political success, others have done fairly well on the economic front. Except in Kyrgyzstan's case, the leaders of Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan have strongly resisted political change and instead they have adopted internal political mechanisms with varying style to stay in power. Kyrgyzstan to a large extent affirming the path of democratization and promotion of basic human rights as national development priorities provided a space for NGOs to emerge. The most recent events in this country have revealed an integral political aspect of the role NGOs play as mediators and active participants in the process, involving meetings and negotiations at the highest levels. Kyrgyz NGOs, regardless of the particular field of their respective activities, have realized that even local problems in society cannot be addressed in the absence of changes in the legal, social, economic and political environments. In this regard, the present study is an attempt to examine the role NGOs in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan and to access their contribution in terms of civil society promotion, human rights and election on comparative basis.
International Journal of Information Technology
Journal of South Asian Studies, 2015
The fall of USSR has brought tremendous changes both at global and regional level. We have seen t... more The fall of USSR has brought tremendous changes both at global and regional level. We have seen the emergence of five Central Asian independent states. The shift from closed societies to open democratic process has initiated the democratization process invited different players besides state to play their role in the socio-political development of these countries. Under such environment the emergence of NGOs became possible; however, their pace of development within and across the region is different from one state to another state. While some states have achieved political success, others have done fairly well on the economic front. Except in Kyrgyzstan’s case, the leaders of Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan have strongly resisted political change and instead they have adopted internal political mechanisms with varying style to stay in power. Kyrgyzstan to a large extent affirming the path of democratization and promotion of basic human rights as national develop...
Post-World War II era witnessed the ideological conflict between two power blocs that was termed ... more Post-World War II era witnessed the ideological conflict between two power blocs that was termed by Bernard Baruch as 'Cold War'. This confrontation inseminated the seeds of conflict at certain places in a way that, even after twenty-five years of post-Cold war, achieving peace and stability has become a complex task. Afghan conflict also represents the same legacy of Cold war that has not only dismantled the country, but has emerged out as a most serious threat to the regional and global peace. Thus, it is obvious for the world-nations to dwell in for seeking a viable solution to assure peace. With the NATO (Northern Atlantic Treaty Organization)-drawdown from Afghanistan and designs to withdraw International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) completely in near future, the regional actors including Pakistan, Iran, India, China, Central Asian Republics (CARs) and even Russia have to share the burden for assuring stability and prosperity of the region. The main issues of conce...
IntroductionIn the last few years, there has been emphasis on 'New Silk Route Strategy' a... more IntroductionIn the last few years, there has been emphasis on 'New Silk Route Strategy' a new diplomatic vision for building peaceful and stable Afghanistan after 2014 NATO withdrawal. The New Silk Road vision aims at knitting South-Central Asian region that would fix Afghanistan into a regional integration process. So far several connectivity projects have been conceived in order to realize the idea. The various actors of the project are being persuaded both by the functional and neo-functional type of bargaining. Such a route will also be a modern day manifestation of the historical Silk Road, through which South and Central Asian nations get connected with each other for trade, cultural exchanges etc. The visionary plan envisages, building more rail lines, highways as well as laying energy infrastructure. The proposed pipelines which constitute another dimension of this mega project, originate in Turkmenistan, running through Afghanistan and Pakistan, enter into Indian te...
Journal of South Asian Studies, 2014
The power vacuum created with the fall of USSR had made Central Asia the focal point for contesta... more The power vacuum created with the fall of USSR had made Central Asia the focal point for contestation among both the regional like Iran, Turkey, Pakistan, India and External players for influence, power, hegemony racing to establish links via through roads, pipelines, air routes, alliances and what not. These great powers made central Asian region as a chessboard for outsmarting one another through cleverness and wit and at times adapting policies of appeasement. In other words, Central Asia has become a “zone of intense, complex interaction between local conditions and the larger world system. India being one of the contestants though small and later comer have found a significant place as for as its connections, policies and strategies vis-a-vis Central Asia is concerned. The paper is an attempt to analyze the place of India vis-a-vis other players of the region.