Tadeusz Rodziewicz - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Tadeusz Rodziewicz

The performance of new-created flat module made of spherical cells (Sphelar®) in outdoor conditio... more The performance of new-created flat module made of spherical cells (Sphelar®) in outdoor conditions was presented. Investigations were performed at the turn of 2008/2009 at the Opole University. For comparison commercially available flat PV modules were taken, namely single crystalline and multicrystalline Si modules as well as thin-film CIS and two amorphous Si modules - single junction, marked as SJ, and triple junction, marked as TJ, respectively. All of them were placed on the same plane. The PV data and their integral values (eg cumulated energy and charge) of tested photovoltaic modules as well as meteorological data (insolation on the surface of modules, measured by the detector Kipp&Zonen as well as by the calibrated photocell, relative humidity, air pressure and temperature, wind speed and direction) were measured in 30 second period (or calculated) and stored by an acquisition data system. Additionally, temperature of the modules was measured. Special attention was paid to analyse the comparison of normalised values of photocurrent and cumulated energy of modules in sunny and cloudy days. Efficiency of energy generation was also discussed. SPHELAR® module has the highest and stable value of the Fill Factor. It is evident, that the Sphelar® module is the best while it is working particularly with diffuse solar radiation and at low angles of incident radiation. So it is competitive with tracking modules. Such performance makes it ideal for BIPV. One could recommend it also to work in frequently shaded areas.

W artykule przedstawiono postęp w zakresie uzyskiwanych sprawności przez ogniwa i moduły fotowolt... more W artykule przedstawiono postęp w zakresie uzyskiwanych sprawności przez ogniwa i moduły fotowoltaiczne (PV) wykonane z różnych materiałów i za pomocą różnych technologii. Zawarto w nim szczegółowe zestawienia tabelaryczne sprawności oraz ich parametrów technicznych. Zwrócono uwagę na nowe obiecujące technologie, które jeszcze nie mają rekordowych sprawności, ale z uwagi na proces ich wytwarzania rokują nadzieje na uzyskanie bardzo dużych sprawności albo tanich wielkopowierzchniowych modułów do komercyjnego zastosowania. Ponadto, omówiono ekonomiczne skutki wdrożenia nowo zawartych zapisów w uchwalonej w lutym 2015 r. Ustawie o Odnawialnych Źródłach Energii (OZE) dla rozwoju rozproszonych instalacji prosumenckich w Polsce.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S, 2017

The article presents theoretical foundations of a two-diode equivalent model of a photovoltaic ce... more The article presents theoretical foundations of a two-diode equivalent model of a photovoltaic cell/module (PV), together with calculation procedures. A physical interpretation of individual components of an equivalent model was presented. Its practical application in predicting efficiency of operation of various PV cells and modules in low insulation conditions was demonstrated. The obtained predictions were verified with the actual results of their operation in open space (outdoor). The practical suitability of the “model” in early detection of ageing phenomena, such as, for example, absorber degradation taking place in PV modules, was demonstrated. The article was prepared on the basis of the results of testing five different PV modules with various constructions, made of different materials and absorbers, such as: c-Si, mc-Si, CIS, a-Si_SJ, a-Si_TJ. The used measurement data were collected during the 16-year period of the experimental PV modules testing system operation in Unive...

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S, 2016

In the paper some results on measurement of insolation and „real” cell’s temperature carried out ... more In the paper some results on measurement of insolation and „real” cell’s temperature carried out with use of standard silicon solar cells are presented. Two identical cells are applied in such a sensor. Short circuit current of one cell is a direct indication of insolation value and open circuit voltage of the other cell is indirect indication of actual sensor’s temperature but in this case more complex formula must be used for temperature calculation.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S, 2016

In this paper possibilities and limits of use of solar energy (like the best efficiencies of PV c... more In this paper possibilities and limits of use of solar energy (like the best efficiencies of PV cells, world records and ‘notable exceptions’) were shown. Also some new ideas and concepts in photovoltaics (like new photovoltaic power plants or energy storage) were presented. Additionally authors try to predict development of solar power industry.

Possibility of use of atmosphere clearness indexes kTm and corresponding with them diffuse compon... more Possibility of use of atmosphere clearness indexes kTm and corresponding with them diffuse component content indexes for prediction of the performance of PV modules in outdoor conditions were shown. Modules studied were carried out with different absorbers and using different technologies. Impact of these indexes on efficiency values of different modules was presented. Annual distribution of these indexes in higher latitude areas was shown. Simple method of computing of these indexes was published (starting from integral (daily, monthly and yearly insolation) values). Dependence between average photon energy of tested solar spectrum and related diffuse component content index value was demonstrated.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S, 2013

The article presents an analysis of the resources and the structure of the solar energy in the ar... more The article presents an analysis of the resources and the structure of the solar energy in the area of Southern Poland on the basis of complete meteorological data from the AGH University of Science and Technology in Krakow in 2009. An analysis attempt of its use for photovoltaic conversion using different modules with different spectral characteristics of absorbers was made. These latest methods for characterizing the structure of solar energy resources such as: distributions throughout the year: sky clearness or cloudiness indexes, the average values of photon energy (APE) and the contents of the useful fraction (UF) of the solar spectrum, are not yet widely known and used as in Poland and in other EU countries, despite the fact that most accurately determine the spectral matching factor for the chosen photovoltaic module. Due to the need for a very expensive measuring equipment, are used only by a few laboratories in the European Union, such as CREST (Centre for Renewable Energy ...

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S, 2014

The article presents the results of a 13-year tests and analysis of performance and energy and el... more The article presents the results of a 13-year tests and analysis of performance and energy and electrical charge yield for typical photovoltaic modules made of different absorbers. Modules were installed on the south wall of Opole University building (at kard. B. Kominka Street). Registered in this period (2001-2013) values energy and charge of tested modules are presented in reference to 1 Wp their nominal power and to 1 m2 of PV modules. Their annual and monthly distributions, with particular emphasis on the seasonal changes of its parameters and phenomena of aging and degradation of the PV modules structure were shown. In the final part of the article was presented an economic analysis of the profitability of investment in 20 kWp grid connected PV system with and without implemented the program to support investment in renewable energy, which respect to the newly implemented in Poland Act on RES.

Opto-Electronics Review, 2019

Abstract The subject of the article is aspects of PV modules and cells measurement, with the use ... more Abstract The subject of the article is aspects of PV modules and cells measurement, with the use of natural sunlight. A light source is an important element during calibration and measurements of solar cells and modules. All designers of artificial light sources try to recreate natural light using so called measurement tables. The correctly performed measurement, i.e. meeting all the appropriate atmospheric conditions, guarantees obtaining the result with the use of a reference spectrum. The article has two main aims. The first aim of the article is to answer the question asked earlier - if the sunlight spectrum registered in appropriate conditions is so good that it serves as the reference spectrum - then, in practice, during measurements carried out with its use, certain problems occur regarding the correct measurement results or their interpretation. The second aim regards presenting detailed numeric procedures in order to enable readers to associate air mass with geographical coordinates and Local Solar Time of their study/laboratory location. Moreover, having the data from their local meteorological station, they will be able to estimate the occurrence of the measurement spectral error of the tested cell/module not only from the group referred to in the article but also for others, for which they have a dedicated characteristics of spectral response.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S, 2018

The main purpose of all PV modules is to convert solar energy into electricity, but in the era of... more The main purpose of all PV modules is to convert solar energy into electricity, but in the era of building integrated photovoltaics, there are additional opportunities to use them. The use of them as a composite of architectural structures in the form of facade cladding, roofing, stained glass windows or noise barriers on highways, in addition to generating electricity embellish also the aesthetic value of the facilities. However, these atypical their use, cause that the modules should have quite different properties then in the traditional application, which is related to their unusual way of positioning. Particularly for structures such as the modules made of spherical cells with the two active planes of operation. The article presents a comparison of the results of simulation of module with two active surfaces containing spherical solar cells in an open space in relation to a typical flat photovoltaic module. A comparison of its work with different orientation and inclination. Ar...

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S, Sep 1, 2017

The article presents theoretical foundations of application of the reduced I-V Blaesser's charact... more The article presents theoretical foundations of application of the reduced I-V Blaesser's characteristics in predicting a photovoltaic cell/module (PV) efficiency, together with calculation procedures. A detailed analysis of the error of this transformation method of characteristics was carried out. Its practical application in predicting efficiency of operation of various PV cells and modules in medium and high insulation conditions was demonstrated. The practical suitability of the presented method in early detection of ageing phenomena, such as, for example, absorber degradation taking place in PV modules, was demonstrated. The article was prepared on the basis of the results of testing five different PV modules with various constructions, made of different materials and absorbers, such as: c-Si, mc-Si, CIS, a-Si_SJ, a-Si_TJ. The used measurement data were collected during the 16-year period of the experimental PV modules testing system operation in Opole University, equipped with a data acquisition system.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

The presented article relates to aspects of PV module testing using natural sunlight in outdoor c... more The presented article relates to aspects of PV module testing using natural sunlight in outdoor conditions. It is a continuation of the article Part III: parameters of atmospheric transparency - determining and correlations. This article discusses the practical application of the indexes: atmosphere purity - kTm, diffused component content - ks/o, beam clear sky index - Kb - in testing various modules in outdoor conditions. Their influence on the conversion of modules made from various absorbers and various technologies is demonstrated. Their practical application in module testing in outdoor conditions is described and it - has been demonstrated that the results of the analyses carried out using the indexes conform to the results obtained using spectral parameters of solar radiation (i.e. APE and UF). These are the measurements that require the use of very expensive equipment.

This paper presents results of the outdoor performance tests made on several types of the commerc... more This paper presents results of the outdoor performance tests made on several types of the commercial PV modules. These were both single crystal and multicrystalline Si modules as well as thin-film CIS and two amorphous Si devices - single junction, marked as SJ, and triple junction, marked as TJ, respectively. Special emphasis has been put on the effects related to actual solar spectrum and meteorological parameters like air humidity and ambient temperature that may influence it. Besides short term changes that could be observed during single day also results collected for more than one year of monitoring are presented. Additionally results of some theoretical calculations supplementing experimental data are presented. Performance of thin-film CIS module and both a-Si modules after well visible period of degradation seems to be more affected by weather and climatic conditions than modules made of crystalline Si cells.

The performance of new-created flat module made of spherical cells (Sphelar®) in outdoor conditio... more The performance of new-created flat module made of spherical cells (Sphelar®) in outdoor conditions was presented. Investigations were performed at the turn of 2008/2009 at the Opole University. For comparison commercially available flat PV modules were taken, namely single crystalline and multicrystalline Si modules as well as thin-film CIS and two amorphous Si modules - single junction, marked as SJ, and triple junction, marked as TJ, respectively. All of them were placed on the same plane. The PV data and their integral values (eg cumulated energy and charge) of tested photovoltaic modules as well as meteorological data (insolation on the surface of modules, measured by the detector Kipp&Zonen as well as by the calibrated photocell, relative humidity, air pressure and temperature, wind speed and direction) were measured in 30 second period (or calculated) and stored by an acquisition data system. Additionally, temperature of the modules was measured. Special attention was paid to analyse the comparison of normalised values of photocurrent and cumulated energy of modules in sunny and cloudy days. Efficiency of energy generation was also discussed. SPHELAR® module has the highest and stable value of the Fill Factor. It is evident, that the Sphelar® module is the best while it is working particularly with diffuse solar radiation and at low angles of incident radiation. So it is competitive with tracking modules. Such performance makes it ideal for BIPV. One could recommend it also to work in frequently shaded areas.

W artykule przedstawiono postęp w zakresie uzyskiwanych sprawności przez ogniwa i moduły fotowolt... more W artykule przedstawiono postęp w zakresie uzyskiwanych sprawności przez ogniwa i moduły fotowoltaiczne (PV) wykonane z różnych materiałów i za pomocą różnych technologii. Zawarto w nim szczegółowe zestawienia tabelaryczne sprawności oraz ich parametrów technicznych. Zwrócono uwagę na nowe obiecujące technologie, które jeszcze nie mają rekordowych sprawności, ale z uwagi na proces ich wytwarzania rokują nadzieje na uzyskanie bardzo dużych sprawności albo tanich wielkopowierzchniowych modułów do komercyjnego zastosowania. Ponadto, omówiono ekonomiczne skutki wdrożenia nowo zawartych zapisów w uchwalonej w lutym 2015 r. Ustawie o Odnawialnych Źródłach Energii (OZE) dla rozwoju rozproszonych instalacji prosumenckich w Polsce.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S, 2017

The article presents theoretical foundations of a two-diode equivalent model of a photovoltaic ce... more The article presents theoretical foundations of a two-diode equivalent model of a photovoltaic cell/module (PV), together with calculation procedures. A physical interpretation of individual components of an equivalent model was presented. Its practical application in predicting efficiency of operation of various PV cells and modules in low insulation conditions was demonstrated. The obtained predictions were verified with the actual results of their operation in open space (outdoor). The practical suitability of the “model” in early detection of ageing phenomena, such as, for example, absorber degradation taking place in PV modules, was demonstrated. The article was prepared on the basis of the results of testing five different PV modules with various constructions, made of different materials and absorbers, such as: c-Si, mc-Si, CIS, a-Si_SJ, a-Si_TJ. The used measurement data were collected during the 16-year period of the experimental PV modules testing system operation in Unive...

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S, 2016

In the paper some results on measurement of insolation and „real” cell’s temperature carried out ... more In the paper some results on measurement of insolation and „real” cell’s temperature carried out with use of standard silicon solar cells are presented. Two identical cells are applied in such a sensor. Short circuit current of one cell is a direct indication of insolation value and open circuit voltage of the other cell is indirect indication of actual sensor’s temperature but in this case more complex formula must be used for temperature calculation.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S, 2016

In this paper possibilities and limits of use of solar energy (like the best efficiencies of PV c... more In this paper possibilities and limits of use of solar energy (like the best efficiencies of PV cells, world records and ‘notable exceptions’) were shown. Also some new ideas and concepts in photovoltaics (like new photovoltaic power plants or energy storage) were presented. Additionally authors try to predict development of solar power industry.

Possibility of use of atmosphere clearness indexes kTm and corresponding with them diffuse compon... more Possibility of use of atmosphere clearness indexes kTm and corresponding with them diffuse component content indexes for prediction of the performance of PV modules in outdoor conditions were shown. Modules studied were carried out with different absorbers and using different technologies. Impact of these indexes on efficiency values of different modules was presented. Annual distribution of these indexes in higher latitude areas was shown. Simple method of computing of these indexes was published (starting from integral (daily, monthly and yearly insolation) values). Dependence between average photon energy of tested solar spectrum and related diffuse component content index value was demonstrated.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S, 2013

The article presents an analysis of the resources and the structure of the solar energy in the ar... more The article presents an analysis of the resources and the structure of the solar energy in the area of Southern Poland on the basis of complete meteorological data from the AGH University of Science and Technology in Krakow in 2009. An analysis attempt of its use for photovoltaic conversion using different modules with different spectral characteristics of absorbers was made. These latest methods for characterizing the structure of solar energy resources such as: distributions throughout the year: sky clearness or cloudiness indexes, the average values of photon energy (APE) and the contents of the useful fraction (UF) of the solar spectrum, are not yet widely known and used as in Poland and in other EU countries, despite the fact that most accurately determine the spectral matching factor for the chosen photovoltaic module. Due to the need for a very expensive measuring equipment, are used only by a few laboratories in the European Union, such as CREST (Centre for Renewable Energy ...

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S, 2014

The article presents the results of a 13-year tests and analysis of performance and energy and el... more The article presents the results of a 13-year tests and analysis of performance and energy and electrical charge yield for typical photovoltaic modules made of different absorbers. Modules were installed on the south wall of Opole University building (at kard. B. Kominka Street). Registered in this period (2001-2013) values energy and charge of tested modules are presented in reference to 1 Wp their nominal power and to 1 m2 of PV modules. Their annual and monthly distributions, with particular emphasis on the seasonal changes of its parameters and phenomena of aging and degradation of the PV modules structure were shown. In the final part of the article was presented an economic analysis of the profitability of investment in 20 kWp grid connected PV system with and without implemented the program to support investment in renewable energy, which respect to the newly implemented in Poland Act on RES.

Opto-Electronics Review, 2019

Abstract The subject of the article is aspects of PV modules and cells measurement, with the use ... more Abstract The subject of the article is aspects of PV modules and cells measurement, with the use of natural sunlight. A light source is an important element during calibration and measurements of solar cells and modules. All designers of artificial light sources try to recreate natural light using so called measurement tables. The correctly performed measurement, i.e. meeting all the appropriate atmospheric conditions, guarantees obtaining the result with the use of a reference spectrum. The article has two main aims. The first aim of the article is to answer the question asked earlier - if the sunlight spectrum registered in appropriate conditions is so good that it serves as the reference spectrum - then, in practice, during measurements carried out with its use, certain problems occur regarding the correct measurement results or their interpretation. The second aim regards presenting detailed numeric procedures in order to enable readers to associate air mass with geographical coordinates and Local Solar Time of their study/laboratory location. Moreover, having the data from their local meteorological station, they will be able to estimate the occurrence of the measurement spectral error of the tested cell/module not only from the group referred to in the article but also for others, for which they have a dedicated characteristics of spectral response.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S, 2018

The main purpose of all PV modules is to convert solar energy into electricity, but in the era of... more The main purpose of all PV modules is to convert solar energy into electricity, but in the era of building integrated photovoltaics, there are additional opportunities to use them. The use of them as a composite of architectural structures in the form of facade cladding, roofing, stained glass windows or noise barriers on highways, in addition to generating electricity embellish also the aesthetic value of the facilities. However, these atypical their use, cause that the modules should have quite different properties then in the traditional application, which is related to their unusual way of positioning. Particularly for structures such as the modules made of spherical cells with the two active planes of operation. The article presents a comparison of the results of simulation of module with two active surfaces containing spherical solar cells in an open space in relation to a typical flat photovoltaic module. A comparison of its work with different orientation and inclination. Ar...

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S, Sep 1, 2017

The article presents theoretical foundations of application of the reduced I-V Blaesser's charact... more The article presents theoretical foundations of application of the reduced I-V Blaesser's characteristics in predicting a photovoltaic cell/module (PV) efficiency, together with calculation procedures. A detailed analysis of the error of this transformation method of characteristics was carried out. Its practical application in predicting efficiency of operation of various PV cells and modules in medium and high insulation conditions was demonstrated. The practical suitability of the presented method in early detection of ageing phenomena, such as, for example, absorber degradation taking place in PV modules, was demonstrated. The article was prepared on the basis of the results of testing five different PV modules with various constructions, made of different materials and absorbers, such as: c-Si, mc-Si, CIS, a-Si_SJ, a-Si_TJ. The used measurement data were collected during the 16-year period of the experimental PV modules testing system operation in Opole University, equipped with a data acquisition system.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

The presented article relates to aspects of PV module testing using natural sunlight in outdoor c... more The presented article relates to aspects of PV module testing using natural sunlight in outdoor conditions. It is a continuation of the article Part III: parameters of atmospheric transparency - determining and correlations. This article discusses the practical application of the indexes: atmosphere purity - kTm, diffused component content - ks/o, beam clear sky index - Kb - in testing various modules in outdoor conditions. Their influence on the conversion of modules made from various absorbers and various technologies is demonstrated. Their practical application in module testing in outdoor conditions is described and it - has been demonstrated that the results of the analyses carried out using the indexes conform to the results obtained using spectral parameters of solar radiation (i.e. APE and UF). These are the measurements that require the use of very expensive equipment.

This paper presents results of the outdoor performance tests made on several types of the commerc... more This paper presents results of the outdoor performance tests made on several types of the commercial PV modules. These were both single crystal and multicrystalline Si modules as well as thin-film CIS and two amorphous Si devices - single junction, marked as SJ, and triple junction, marked as TJ, respectively. Special emphasis has been put on the effects related to actual solar spectrum and meteorological parameters like air humidity and ambient temperature that may influence it. Besides short term changes that could be observed during single day also results collected for more than one year of monitoring are presented. Additionally results of some theoretical calculations supplementing experimental data are presented. Performance of thin-film CIS module and both a-Si modules after well visible period of degradation seems to be more affected by weather and climatic conditions than modules made of crystalline Si cells.