Devaki Talluri - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Devaki Talluri
Journal of family medicine and primary care, 2024
Journal of the Indian Dental Association, Nov 24, 2023
Journal of family medicine and primary care, 2023
Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry, Oct 1, 2018
Introduction: Tobacco usage is popular among rural and urban communities of India. Sporadic studi... more Introduction: Tobacco usage is popular among rural and urban communities of India. Sporadic studies that were conducted to know the caries experience among tobacco users yielded conflicting conclusions. Fisherfolk communities form a special population in light of the variations in their dietary habits compared to general population. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the dental caries (DC) experience among tobacco users and nonusers in fisherman communities residing in the north coastal region of a south Indian state. Materials and Methods: A comparative cross-sectional survey was done in fisherman community belonging to a north coastal region of a South Indian state. Stratified randomized sampling technique was employed to recruit 374 adult participants aged 35–44 years. The survey included interviewer-administered questionnaire and clinical examination for measuring DC experience. The questionnaire consisted of demographic data, brushing aids, 2 days sweet score, and a detailed record on tobacco use of subjects. Decayed missed and filled index (DMFT) and Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) were recorded. The study participants were dichotomized based on tobacco usage. The tests used were independent samples t-test, analysis of variance, and Chi-square test. Results: DC was present among 46.5% of tobacco users and 65.8% of nonusers. The mean DFT score for tobacco users (0.62 ± 0.23) was less when compared to that of nonusers (1.40 ± 0.52) after excluding missing component, which is statistically significant (P < 0.001). The mean OHI-S was higher among tobacco users than nonusers. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean sweet scores between these two groups (P = 0.172). Conclusion: Despite higher mean OHI-S scores among tobacco users and similar sweet scores among both the groups, DC experience among tobacco users was less when compared to nonusers. Longitudinal studies are recommended for further confirmative evidence.
Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry, 2022
Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry, 2020
Background: Preventive dental visits help in the prior detection and treatment of oral diseases; ... more Background: Preventive dental visits help in the prior detection and treatment of oral diseases; therefore, to improve oral health outcomes, an opposite knowledge of the way the individuals use health services and the factors apocalyptic of this behavior is essential. Aim: To quantify oral health-care-seeking behavior and influencing factors in the field practice area. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done in the field practice area among WHO indexed age groups using a pretested and validated questionnaire in August 2017. A stratified random sampling technique was used resulting in a sample size of 200 to assess oral health-care-seeking behavior and influencing factors in this population. Obtained data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and binomial logistic regression analysis were used to summarize the results, whereP ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The results of this study evinced a female preponderance of 64% with less proportionate (26%) of the study population seeking oral health services, out of which private dental clinic occupied the first choice in using dental services (17%). A carious tooth without pain was the most common dental problem irrespective of age (47.5%). Females were 0.392 times more likely to attend dental visits when compared to males (P = 0.003), while considering social class, people belonging to the upper-middle class were 0.24 times more likely to avail dental services when compared to lower social class (P = 0.015). Conclusion: This study revealed lower rates of dental services sought among the field practice area where most of them availed private clinics compared to government clinics.
Journal of Orofacial Sciences, 2021
Introduction: The systematic review presented here aims to determine and find out the clinical ef... more Introduction: The systematic review presented here aims to determine and find out the clinical efficacy of various remineralization agents for early enamel caries. Materials and methods: An aggregate of 240 articles has been retrieved from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Trip, and Google scholarly databases from 2010 to 2020, of which 18 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been integrated into this systematic review, and six of which were considered for meta-analysis. The risk of bias in each study was evaluated using the Cochrane collaboration’s tool. Results: Ten of the 18 studies suggest that carious lesions are successfully minimized by remineralization. Four studies showed superior efficacy of casein phosphopeptide and amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) in the remineralization of white spot lesions. There was no statistically significant difference (standard mean difference = −0.18, 95% confidence interval: −0.48 to 0.12, P = 0.23) between the experimental and control groups. Conclusion: This review has demonstrated an absence of dependable proof supporting the clinical adequacy of remineralizing agents. Therefore, RCTs in well-designed forms are needed to enhance all sorts of evidence in this field.
Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry, 2022
Journal of Orofacial Sciences, 2011
International Journal of Applied Dental Sciences, Dec 1, 2014
To know the medical professional knowledge in management of dental injuries and appropriate onwar... more To know the medical professional knowledge in management of dental injuries and appropriate onward referrals. Purpose: Dento-alveolar fractures, long-term prognosis greatly depend on appropriate early management. Poor treatment outcomes as a result of inadequate or delayed management can be damaging to a patient due to dental aesthetic and functional defects which may also have a psychological impact. Material and methods: A cross sectional survey using a pre-tested questionnaire given to all the medical professionals who dealt with accident cases was conducted in randomly selected eight hospitals of south Indian district, Guntur. Results: out of 150 questionnaires given 116 were responded, with a response rate of 77%. Training regarding dental injuries received was 69 (59.5%). The response for avulsed tooth for immediate reimplant was 75 (64.7%). Conclusions: the results from this study suggest that knowledge of the management of dental injuries among medical professional was inadequate. However, appropriate training can significantly increase their knowledge.
International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, Dec 25, 2012
To assess the oral health status, oral hygiene practices and personal habits of institutionalized... more To assess the oral health status, oral hygiene practices and personal habits of institutionalized street children in Guntur city. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on all street children (255) between 5-15 years present during the study period in Guntur city. Information regarding the demographic factors, personal habits and oral hygiene practices was obtained by interview method using questionnaire in a private area away from other participants. Along with this oral examination was performed according to ADA type III examination using mouth mirror, CPI probe in a natural day light. Data was collected by using modified WHO Proforma (1997). RESULTS: Mean age of study subjects was 11.02±2.3. Among the children interviewed in the present study, 3.1% had indulged in substance use any time in their life. Bleeding and calculus was diagnosed as 52.5% and 42.4% respectively in children. Prevalence of dental caries was 50.19%. The mean dmft value was 0.70± 0.395 and mean DMFT value was 0.49±0.930. 43.13% subjects require one surface filling, 11.4% subjects require two or more surface fillings, 17.3% subjects r equire extraction. CONCLUSION: The present study reveals higher levels of dental caries experience and untreated dental disease. Institutionalized street children from present study are commonly faced with oral health problems, especially periodontal problems.
Journal of family medicine and primary care, 2019
Introduction: India has a plurality of health care with different systems of medicine delivered b... more Introduction: India has a plurality of health care with different systems of medicine delivered by government and local bodies in hospitals and clinics. Public hospitals provide 60% of all hospitalizations, while the private sector provides 75% of all routine care. Utilization is the actual attendance by the members of the public at health care facilities, which measures the number of visits per year or the number of people with at least one visit during the previous year, serves as an important tool and acts as a guiding path in understanding disease profile and also helps resource allocation. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done using the National Pathfinder survey (stratified cluster random sampling) to know the health care utilization, profile, and pattern in Tenali Mandal, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh. Results: The study sample comprised of 1,500 subjects who were equally divided among 5 age groups. Out of 1,500 participants, 52.8% were females and 47.2% were males. In total, 71.7% of the study participants have utilized health services, with majority of them (44.5%) had availed services within the last 6 months with prime reason of fevers (15.8%), while the main barrier for not seeking care was distance (17.03%), almost an equal proportion of the population sought care for their problems through home remedies and over-the-counter. Conclusion: There is an utmost need to minimize barriers of utilizing by making them aware of the health problems, so that they develop a positive attitude toward health care utilization. Therefore, knowledge of utilization of health services and associated factors is important in planning and delivery of interventions by the primary care physicians to improve health services coverage.
Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry, 2014
Introduction: Yenadis are one the major tribe of Andhra Pradesh. They are special community peopl... more Introduction: Yenadis are one the major tribe of Andhra Pradesh. They are special community people with low socioeconomic status (SES) and they do jobs like collecting trash from garbage for their livelihood. Their life style, livelihood practices may have an impact on their oral health. Aim: The aim was to assess the impact of SES on oral health related quality of life in yenadi's community. Materials and Methods: A total of 156 adults residing in Yenadi colony in Guntur city were interviewed with oral health impact profile-14 questionnaire which was translated to local language, followed by clinical examination for dentition status and periodontal status. Data from subjects who were missed on the day of examination were collected on consecutive days. Demographic details, oral hygiene practices and personal habit details were collected. Results: Sufficient reliability (0.8) and validity were demonstrated for questionnaire. The associated factors effecting quality of life are gender ( P = 0.02), age (0.005), SES (0.001), oral hygiene aid (0.001) and personal habits ( P = 0.001). The mean decay missing filled total value of the study subjects was 3.69 ± 2.4. Among the study subjects, 52.7% of study subjects had calculus, and 25.6% of study subjects had pockets >6 mm or more. Conclusion: This study revealed high level of oral disease and poor perception of oral health among the people residing in that area, which is due to lack of knowledge of existing problems.
International Dental Journal
Journal of Data Science, Informetrics, and Citation Studies
Journal of Orofacial Sciences
Introduction: The systematic review presented here aims to determine and find out the clinical ef... more Introduction: The systematic review presented here aims to determine and find out the clinical efficacy of various remineralization agents for early enamel caries. Materials and methods: An aggregate of 240 articles has been retrieved from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Trip, and Google scholarly databases from 2010 to 2020, of which 18 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been integrated into this systematic review, and six of which were considered for meta-analysis. The risk of bias in each study was evaluated using the Cochrane collaboration’s tool. Results: Ten of the 18 studies suggest that carious lesions are successfully minimized by remineralization. Four studies showed superior efficacy of casein phosphopeptide and amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) in the remineralization of white spot lesions. There was no statistically significant difference (standard mean difference = −0.18, 95% confidence interval: −0.48 to 0.12, P = 0.23) between the experimental and control groups. Conclusion: This review has demonstrated an absence of dependable proof supporting the clinical adequacy of remineralizing agents. Therefore, RCTs in well-designed forms are needed to enhance all sorts of evidence in this field.
Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry
Aims: This study aims to find out the association between self-perceived oral health status, psyc... more Aims: This study aims to find out the association between self-perceived oral health status, psychological well-being and life satisfaction. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study conducted on 400 geriatric people aged 60 years and above, residing in Tadikonda Mandal of Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Subjects and Methods: Self-perceived oral health was assessed through self-rating of oral health, speaking ability index, chewing capability index, and psychosocial impact scale oral health impact profile. Life satisfaction was assessed through single-item question, How satisfied with your life as a whole with 4 point Likert scale. Psychological well-being was assessed through two domains: Perceived life stress and general health, i.e., anxiety and depression. People who were mentally retarded, bedridden and who were not interested to participate in the study are excluded. Statistical Analysis Used: Chi-square, t-test, one way ANOVA test, poison regression analysis. Resul...
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
Aim: The study investigates the Correlation of dental caries status with BMI in school children o... more Aim: The study investigates the Correlation of dental caries status with BMI in school children of age 3 to 16 years old. Background: Obesity is a rising global health epidemic. Dental caries have been the predominant disorder in modern society. Obesity and dental caries are major health problems with multifactorial characteristics and similar risk factors, such as diet, lack of physical activity, unhealthy eating pattern, not enough sleep, and high amount of stress etc. Various studies have documented diverse outcomes linked to BMI and dental caries. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was implemented on 756 participants. Among the study participants, 475 (62.8%) were boys, and 281 (37.2%) were girls. The DMFT index has been used to assess the prevalence of dental caries. Information of the study participant's height and weight was reported using a standardized measuring scale and weighing machine; after that, the BMI was measured. SPSS version22 was used to analyze the data.
Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry
Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry
Journal of family medicine and primary care, 2024
Journal of the Indian Dental Association, Nov 24, 2023
Journal of family medicine and primary care, 2023
Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry, Oct 1, 2018
Introduction: Tobacco usage is popular among rural and urban communities of India. Sporadic studi... more Introduction: Tobacco usage is popular among rural and urban communities of India. Sporadic studies that were conducted to know the caries experience among tobacco users yielded conflicting conclusions. Fisherfolk communities form a special population in light of the variations in their dietary habits compared to general population. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the dental caries (DC) experience among tobacco users and nonusers in fisherman communities residing in the north coastal region of a south Indian state. Materials and Methods: A comparative cross-sectional survey was done in fisherman community belonging to a north coastal region of a South Indian state. Stratified randomized sampling technique was employed to recruit 374 adult participants aged 35–44 years. The survey included interviewer-administered questionnaire and clinical examination for measuring DC experience. The questionnaire consisted of demographic data, brushing aids, 2 days sweet score, and a detailed record on tobacco use of subjects. Decayed missed and filled index (DMFT) and Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) were recorded. The study participants were dichotomized based on tobacco usage. The tests used were independent samples t-test, analysis of variance, and Chi-square test. Results: DC was present among 46.5% of tobacco users and 65.8% of nonusers. The mean DFT score for tobacco users (0.62 ± 0.23) was less when compared to that of nonusers (1.40 ± 0.52) after excluding missing component, which is statistically significant (P < 0.001). The mean OHI-S was higher among tobacco users than nonusers. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean sweet scores between these two groups (P = 0.172). Conclusion: Despite higher mean OHI-S scores among tobacco users and similar sweet scores among both the groups, DC experience among tobacco users was less when compared to nonusers. Longitudinal studies are recommended for further confirmative evidence.
Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry, 2022
Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry, 2020
Background: Preventive dental visits help in the prior detection and treatment of oral diseases; ... more Background: Preventive dental visits help in the prior detection and treatment of oral diseases; therefore, to improve oral health outcomes, an opposite knowledge of the way the individuals use health services and the factors apocalyptic of this behavior is essential. Aim: To quantify oral health-care-seeking behavior and influencing factors in the field practice area. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done in the field practice area among WHO indexed age groups using a pretested and validated questionnaire in August 2017. A stratified random sampling technique was used resulting in a sample size of 200 to assess oral health-care-seeking behavior and influencing factors in this population. Obtained data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and binomial logistic regression analysis were used to summarize the results, whereP ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The results of this study evinced a female preponderance of 64% with less proportionate (26%) of the study population seeking oral health services, out of which private dental clinic occupied the first choice in using dental services (17%). A carious tooth without pain was the most common dental problem irrespective of age (47.5%). Females were 0.392 times more likely to attend dental visits when compared to males (P = 0.003), while considering social class, people belonging to the upper-middle class were 0.24 times more likely to avail dental services when compared to lower social class (P = 0.015). Conclusion: This study revealed lower rates of dental services sought among the field practice area where most of them availed private clinics compared to government clinics.
Journal of Orofacial Sciences, 2021
Introduction: The systematic review presented here aims to determine and find out the clinical ef... more Introduction: The systematic review presented here aims to determine and find out the clinical efficacy of various remineralization agents for early enamel caries. Materials and methods: An aggregate of 240 articles has been retrieved from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Trip, and Google scholarly databases from 2010 to 2020, of which 18 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been integrated into this systematic review, and six of which were considered for meta-analysis. The risk of bias in each study was evaluated using the Cochrane collaboration’s tool. Results: Ten of the 18 studies suggest that carious lesions are successfully minimized by remineralization. Four studies showed superior efficacy of casein phosphopeptide and amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) in the remineralization of white spot lesions. There was no statistically significant difference (standard mean difference = −0.18, 95% confidence interval: −0.48 to 0.12, P = 0.23) between the experimental and control groups. Conclusion: This review has demonstrated an absence of dependable proof supporting the clinical adequacy of remineralizing agents. Therefore, RCTs in well-designed forms are needed to enhance all sorts of evidence in this field.
Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry, 2022
Journal of Orofacial Sciences, 2011
International Journal of Applied Dental Sciences, Dec 1, 2014
To know the medical professional knowledge in management of dental injuries and appropriate onwar... more To know the medical professional knowledge in management of dental injuries and appropriate onward referrals. Purpose: Dento-alveolar fractures, long-term prognosis greatly depend on appropriate early management. Poor treatment outcomes as a result of inadequate or delayed management can be damaging to a patient due to dental aesthetic and functional defects which may also have a psychological impact. Material and methods: A cross sectional survey using a pre-tested questionnaire given to all the medical professionals who dealt with accident cases was conducted in randomly selected eight hospitals of south Indian district, Guntur. Results: out of 150 questionnaires given 116 were responded, with a response rate of 77%. Training regarding dental injuries received was 69 (59.5%). The response for avulsed tooth for immediate reimplant was 75 (64.7%). Conclusions: the results from this study suggest that knowledge of the management of dental injuries among medical professional was inadequate. However, appropriate training can significantly increase their knowledge.
International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, Dec 25, 2012
To assess the oral health status, oral hygiene practices and personal habits of institutionalized... more To assess the oral health status, oral hygiene practices and personal habits of institutionalized street children in Guntur city. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on all street children (255) between 5-15 years present during the study period in Guntur city. Information regarding the demographic factors, personal habits and oral hygiene practices was obtained by interview method using questionnaire in a private area away from other participants. Along with this oral examination was performed according to ADA type III examination using mouth mirror, CPI probe in a natural day light. Data was collected by using modified WHO Proforma (1997). RESULTS: Mean age of study subjects was 11.02±2.3. Among the children interviewed in the present study, 3.1% had indulged in substance use any time in their life. Bleeding and calculus was diagnosed as 52.5% and 42.4% respectively in children. Prevalence of dental caries was 50.19%. The mean dmft value was 0.70± 0.395 and mean DMFT value was 0.49±0.930. 43.13% subjects require one surface filling, 11.4% subjects require two or more surface fillings, 17.3% subjects r equire extraction. CONCLUSION: The present study reveals higher levels of dental caries experience and untreated dental disease. Institutionalized street children from present study are commonly faced with oral health problems, especially periodontal problems.
Journal of family medicine and primary care, 2019
Introduction: India has a plurality of health care with different systems of medicine delivered b... more Introduction: India has a plurality of health care with different systems of medicine delivered by government and local bodies in hospitals and clinics. Public hospitals provide 60% of all hospitalizations, while the private sector provides 75% of all routine care. Utilization is the actual attendance by the members of the public at health care facilities, which measures the number of visits per year or the number of people with at least one visit during the previous year, serves as an important tool and acts as a guiding path in understanding disease profile and also helps resource allocation. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done using the National Pathfinder survey (stratified cluster random sampling) to know the health care utilization, profile, and pattern in Tenali Mandal, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh. Results: The study sample comprised of 1,500 subjects who were equally divided among 5 age groups. Out of 1,500 participants, 52.8% were females and 47.2% were males. In total, 71.7% of the study participants have utilized health services, with majority of them (44.5%) had availed services within the last 6 months with prime reason of fevers (15.8%), while the main barrier for not seeking care was distance (17.03%), almost an equal proportion of the population sought care for their problems through home remedies and over-the-counter. Conclusion: There is an utmost need to minimize barriers of utilizing by making them aware of the health problems, so that they develop a positive attitude toward health care utilization. Therefore, knowledge of utilization of health services and associated factors is important in planning and delivery of interventions by the primary care physicians to improve health services coverage.
Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry, 2014
Introduction: Yenadis are one the major tribe of Andhra Pradesh. They are special community peopl... more Introduction: Yenadis are one the major tribe of Andhra Pradesh. They are special community people with low socioeconomic status (SES) and they do jobs like collecting trash from garbage for their livelihood. Their life style, livelihood practices may have an impact on their oral health. Aim: The aim was to assess the impact of SES on oral health related quality of life in yenadi's community. Materials and Methods: A total of 156 adults residing in Yenadi colony in Guntur city were interviewed with oral health impact profile-14 questionnaire which was translated to local language, followed by clinical examination for dentition status and periodontal status. Data from subjects who were missed on the day of examination were collected on consecutive days. Demographic details, oral hygiene practices and personal habit details were collected. Results: Sufficient reliability (0.8) and validity were demonstrated for questionnaire. The associated factors effecting quality of life are gender ( P = 0.02), age (0.005), SES (0.001), oral hygiene aid (0.001) and personal habits ( P = 0.001). The mean decay missing filled total value of the study subjects was 3.69 ± 2.4. Among the study subjects, 52.7% of study subjects had calculus, and 25.6% of study subjects had pockets >6 mm or more. Conclusion: This study revealed high level of oral disease and poor perception of oral health among the people residing in that area, which is due to lack of knowledge of existing problems.
International Dental Journal
Journal of Data Science, Informetrics, and Citation Studies
Journal of Orofacial Sciences
Introduction: The systematic review presented here aims to determine and find out the clinical ef... more Introduction: The systematic review presented here aims to determine and find out the clinical efficacy of various remineralization agents for early enamel caries. Materials and methods: An aggregate of 240 articles has been retrieved from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Trip, and Google scholarly databases from 2010 to 2020, of which 18 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been integrated into this systematic review, and six of which were considered for meta-analysis. The risk of bias in each study was evaluated using the Cochrane collaboration’s tool. Results: Ten of the 18 studies suggest that carious lesions are successfully minimized by remineralization. Four studies showed superior efficacy of casein phosphopeptide and amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) in the remineralization of white spot lesions. There was no statistically significant difference (standard mean difference = −0.18, 95% confidence interval: −0.48 to 0.12, P = 0.23) between the experimental and control groups. Conclusion: This review has demonstrated an absence of dependable proof supporting the clinical adequacy of remineralizing agents. Therefore, RCTs in well-designed forms are needed to enhance all sorts of evidence in this field.
Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry
Aims: This study aims to find out the association between self-perceived oral health status, psyc... more Aims: This study aims to find out the association between self-perceived oral health status, psychological well-being and life satisfaction. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study conducted on 400 geriatric people aged 60 years and above, residing in Tadikonda Mandal of Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Subjects and Methods: Self-perceived oral health was assessed through self-rating of oral health, speaking ability index, chewing capability index, and psychosocial impact scale oral health impact profile. Life satisfaction was assessed through single-item question, How satisfied with your life as a whole with 4 point Likert scale. Psychological well-being was assessed through two domains: Perceived life stress and general health, i.e., anxiety and depression. People who were mentally retarded, bedridden and who were not interested to participate in the study are excluded. Statistical Analysis Used: Chi-square, t-test, one way ANOVA test, poison regression analysis. Resul...
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
Aim: The study investigates the Correlation of dental caries status with BMI in school children o... more Aim: The study investigates the Correlation of dental caries status with BMI in school children of age 3 to 16 years old. Background: Obesity is a rising global health epidemic. Dental caries have been the predominant disorder in modern society. Obesity and dental caries are major health problems with multifactorial characteristics and similar risk factors, such as diet, lack of physical activity, unhealthy eating pattern, not enough sleep, and high amount of stress etc. Various studies have documented diverse outcomes linked to BMI and dental caries. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was implemented on 756 participants. Among the study participants, 475 (62.8%) were boys, and 281 (37.2%) were girls. The DMFT index has been used to assess the prevalence of dental caries. Information of the study participant's height and weight was reported using a standardized measuring scale and weighing machine; after that, the BMI was measured. SPSS version22 was used to analyze the data.
Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry
Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry