Tanja Penter - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Tanja Penter
Olgas Tagebuch (1941-1944)
De Gruyter eBooks, Dec 31, 2023
Berghahn Books, Dec 31, 2022
Routledge eBooks, Apr 3, 2022
Böhlau Verlag eBooks, May 16, 2022
Routledge eBooks, Apr 3, 2022
Looking at the different compensation policies, laws, and practices in post-Soviet Russia, Ukrain... more Looking at the different compensation policies, laws, and practices in post-Soviet Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and Kazakhstan, I develop comparative perspectives on the ways in which these new states dealt with victims of radioactive contamination and how the societies constructed victims' identities. I argue that post-Soviet compensation programs can serve as a "window" into the transformation societies. It seems to be specific for the developments in the former Soviet space that here environmental victims stand on an equal footing with the victims of the Stalinist and National Socialist dictatorships. The process of coming to terms with the experience of dictatorship after the end of the Soviet Union therefore has a strong ecological component, which requires that approaches to transitional and environmental justice be thought of as interconnected. More recently, this process has also taken on an international dimension, manifested in a growing number of appeals to the ECHR by Russian and Ukrainian environmental victims. The once unnoticed environmental victims of the Soviet past have learned to assert their rights vis-àvis national and international institutions and organizations. The heritage of the atom in the former Soviet space includes not only radioactively contaminated landscapes but also specific legal legacies, new historical resources (e.g. thousands of private letters with claims for compensation), and a new place for environmental victims in the national cultures of remembrance. The end of the Soviet Union was accompanied by the extensive uncovering and documentation of the crimes of the past hand in hand with an erosion of old Soviet patriotic memory and the development of a new culture of remembrance. Next to the victims of Stalinism and National Socialist crimes in World War II, the victims of nuclear accidents and radioactive contamination also played a central role in the nation-and state-building processes in some of the successor states of the Soviet Union. Historical knowledge about places of Stalinist and National Socialist mass crimes as well as environmental disasters, which before 1989 were often known only by rumor and within the borders of local communities, has since grown. In addition, various victim groups received (often for the first time) state and social recognition in the form of rehabilitation, compensation, and social protection laws. This process gave rise to a variety of social negotiation
Témoigner. Entre histoire et mémoire
Brill | Schöningh eBooks, 2017
National History and New Nationalism in the Twenty-First Century
Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook, 2004
The article examines the German policy towards the local workforce in occupied Ukraine (and its q... more The article examines the German policy towards the local workforce in occupied Ukraine (and its quantitative dimensions) in World War II. It devotes special attention to the question, how the workers were recruited and to what extent the German authorities used instruments of terror. The conditions of life and work of different groups of the local workforce are examined: urban and rural population, industnal workers, employees of German Offices, women, youth, Soviet prisoners of war and prisoners of workcamps. Central questions of the "Zwangsarbeiter"-research, which until now merely concentrated on foreign workers, who had been deported to Germany during World War II, are applied on the population of the occupied Ukrainian territories. * Der Beitrag entstand im Zusammenhang eines größeren Forschungsprojektes zur Zwangsarbeit im deutschen Kohlenbergbau, das von der Stiftung Bibliothek des Ruhrgebietes (Bochum) und der RAG Aktiengesellschaft (Essen) gefördert wird. Für Anregungen und Kommentare danke ich Christoph Seidel.
Guilt
Under German occupation in World War II, tens of thousands of sick and disabled people were kille... more Under German occupation in World War II, tens of thousands of sick and disabled people were killed in the occupied Soviet Union. Very few German perpetrators were convicted for these crimes by courts in the Federal Republic after the war, whereas in the Soviet Union hundreds of thousands of Soviet citizens were sentenced to long prison terms or death as Nazi collaborators. Using the example of the murder of more than 1,000 mentally ill people at a psychiatric hospital in the Black Sea port city of Kherson, this article examines how investigative authorities and courts in Germany and the Soviet Union dealt with guilt, and asks whether criminal prosecutions have productive effects compared to impunity, particularly with respect to the culture of remembrance.
Das Schicksal der Zwangsarbeiter ist in der westlichen Forschung zum Zweiten Weltkrieg seit der g... more Das Schicksal der Zwangsarbeiter ist in der westlichen Forschung zum Zweiten Weltkrieg seit der grundlegenden Arbeit von Ulrich Herbert aus dem Jahre 1985 immer mehr zu einem zentralen Thema geworden und hat insbesondere im Zusammenhang mit den Debatten über eine Entschädigung für ehemalige Zwangsarbeiter sowie dem daraus resultierenden Auszahlungsprogramm eine starke Konjunktur erfahren. In der umfangreichen Historiographie zur Zwangsarbeit wurde das Phänomen jedoch lange Zeit fast ausschließlich aus der Reichsperspektive wahrgenommen. Während die Verschleppung der »Ostarbeiter« und ihr Arbeitseinsatz in Deutschland mittlerweile relativ gut dokumentiert sind, ist die Arbeit der Zivilbevölkerung und Kriegsgefangenen für die deutsche Kriegswirtschaft in den besetzten sowjetischen Gebieten bis heute immer noch ein wenig erforschtes Feld. 1 Dieser Mangel trug dazu bei, dass diese Gruppe bei den Entschädigungsprogrammen für ehemalige Zwangsarbeiter nicht hinreichend berücksichtigt wurde. 2 Der folgende Beitrag möchte am Beispiel des im Südosten der heutigen Ukraine gelegenen Donezbeckens diese Forschungsperspektive aufgreifen. 3 Der Donbass (so die russische Kurzform) war in den 1930er Jahren in der forcierten Industrialisierung unter Stalin zu einem der wichtigsten industriellen Zentren der Sowjetunion aufgestiegen. Vor dem deutschen Einmarsch wurden hier 85 Millionen Tonnen Steinkohle im Jahr, über 57 Prozent der sowjetischen Gesamtproduktion,
Olgas Tagebuch (1941-1944)
De Gruyter eBooks, Dec 31, 2023
Berghahn Books, Dec 31, 2022
Routledge eBooks, Apr 3, 2022
Böhlau Verlag eBooks, May 16, 2022
Routledge eBooks, Apr 3, 2022
Looking at the different compensation policies, laws, and practices in post-Soviet Russia, Ukrain... more Looking at the different compensation policies, laws, and practices in post-Soviet Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and Kazakhstan, I develop comparative perspectives on the ways in which these new states dealt with victims of radioactive contamination and how the societies constructed victims' identities. I argue that post-Soviet compensation programs can serve as a "window" into the transformation societies. It seems to be specific for the developments in the former Soviet space that here environmental victims stand on an equal footing with the victims of the Stalinist and National Socialist dictatorships. The process of coming to terms with the experience of dictatorship after the end of the Soviet Union therefore has a strong ecological component, which requires that approaches to transitional and environmental justice be thought of as interconnected. More recently, this process has also taken on an international dimension, manifested in a growing number of appeals to the ECHR by Russian and Ukrainian environmental victims. The once unnoticed environmental victims of the Soviet past have learned to assert their rights vis-àvis national and international institutions and organizations. The heritage of the atom in the former Soviet space includes not only radioactively contaminated landscapes but also specific legal legacies, new historical resources (e.g. thousands of private letters with claims for compensation), and a new place for environmental victims in the national cultures of remembrance. The end of the Soviet Union was accompanied by the extensive uncovering and documentation of the crimes of the past hand in hand with an erosion of old Soviet patriotic memory and the development of a new culture of remembrance. Next to the victims of Stalinism and National Socialist crimes in World War II, the victims of nuclear accidents and radioactive contamination also played a central role in the nation-and state-building processes in some of the successor states of the Soviet Union. Historical knowledge about places of Stalinist and National Socialist mass crimes as well as environmental disasters, which before 1989 were often known only by rumor and within the borders of local communities, has since grown. In addition, various victim groups received (often for the first time) state and social recognition in the form of rehabilitation, compensation, and social protection laws. This process gave rise to a variety of social negotiation
Témoigner. Entre histoire et mémoire
Brill | Schöningh eBooks, 2017
National History and New Nationalism in the Twenty-First Century
Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook, 2004
The article examines the German policy towards the local workforce in occupied Ukraine (and its q... more The article examines the German policy towards the local workforce in occupied Ukraine (and its quantitative dimensions) in World War II. It devotes special attention to the question, how the workers were recruited and to what extent the German authorities used instruments of terror. The conditions of life and work of different groups of the local workforce are examined: urban and rural population, industnal workers, employees of German Offices, women, youth, Soviet prisoners of war and prisoners of workcamps. Central questions of the "Zwangsarbeiter"-research, which until now merely concentrated on foreign workers, who had been deported to Germany during World War II, are applied on the population of the occupied Ukrainian territories. * Der Beitrag entstand im Zusammenhang eines größeren Forschungsprojektes zur Zwangsarbeit im deutschen Kohlenbergbau, das von der Stiftung Bibliothek des Ruhrgebietes (Bochum) und der RAG Aktiengesellschaft (Essen) gefördert wird. Für Anregungen und Kommentare danke ich Christoph Seidel.
Guilt
Under German occupation in World War II, tens of thousands of sick and disabled people were kille... more Under German occupation in World War II, tens of thousands of sick and disabled people were killed in the occupied Soviet Union. Very few German perpetrators were convicted for these crimes by courts in the Federal Republic after the war, whereas in the Soviet Union hundreds of thousands of Soviet citizens were sentenced to long prison terms or death as Nazi collaborators. Using the example of the murder of more than 1,000 mentally ill people at a psychiatric hospital in the Black Sea port city of Kherson, this article examines how investigative authorities and courts in Germany and the Soviet Union dealt with guilt, and asks whether criminal prosecutions have productive effects compared to impunity, particularly with respect to the culture of remembrance.
Das Schicksal der Zwangsarbeiter ist in der westlichen Forschung zum Zweiten Weltkrieg seit der g... more Das Schicksal der Zwangsarbeiter ist in der westlichen Forschung zum Zweiten Weltkrieg seit der grundlegenden Arbeit von Ulrich Herbert aus dem Jahre 1985 immer mehr zu einem zentralen Thema geworden und hat insbesondere im Zusammenhang mit den Debatten über eine Entschädigung für ehemalige Zwangsarbeiter sowie dem daraus resultierenden Auszahlungsprogramm eine starke Konjunktur erfahren. In der umfangreichen Historiographie zur Zwangsarbeit wurde das Phänomen jedoch lange Zeit fast ausschließlich aus der Reichsperspektive wahrgenommen. Während die Verschleppung der »Ostarbeiter« und ihr Arbeitseinsatz in Deutschland mittlerweile relativ gut dokumentiert sind, ist die Arbeit der Zivilbevölkerung und Kriegsgefangenen für die deutsche Kriegswirtschaft in den besetzten sowjetischen Gebieten bis heute immer noch ein wenig erforschtes Feld. 1 Dieser Mangel trug dazu bei, dass diese Gruppe bei den Entschädigungsprogrammen für ehemalige Zwangsarbeiter nicht hinreichend berücksichtigt wurde. 2 Der folgende Beitrag möchte am Beispiel des im Südosten der heutigen Ukraine gelegenen Donezbeckens diese Forschungsperspektive aufgreifen. 3 Der Donbass (so die russische Kurzform) war in den 1930er Jahren in der forcierten Industrialisierung unter Stalin zu einem der wichtigsten industriellen Zentren der Sowjetunion aufgestiegen. Vor dem deutschen Einmarsch wurden hier 85 Millionen Tonnen Steinkohle im Jahr, über 57 Prozent der sowjetischen Gesamtproduktion,