Tanweer Shapla - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Tanweer Shapla
European Journal of Educational Research, 2021
Absenteeism is of great concern for K–12 school students in the United States. The aim of this st... more Absenteeism is of great concern for K–12 school students in the United States. The aim of this study is to evaluate effects of parental participation types in absenteeism of Elementary and Secondary Education (K-12) students in the United States. We analyze the data of the U.S. Department of Education (Hanson et al., 2019), in relation to students, schools and parents’ characteristics, along with various parental involvement activities, for exploring how these factors influence K-12 students’ absenteeism in the United States. We employ Chi-square tests for the significance of relationships between parental involvement types and absenteeism of K-12 students. We also undertake multiple logistic regression analyses to evaluate the significance and odds of K-12 students’ absenteeism due to parental involvement activities and other underlying factors. The results of bivariate analyses suggest that parental involvement types are significantly associated with K-12 absenteeism (chi-squared ...
International Journal of Statistics and Probability, 2021
Absenteeism is a national crisis in the United States, and must be addressed adequately at the ea... more Absenteeism is a national crisis in the United States, and must be addressed adequately at the early stages or at its onset, to prevent consequential disaster and burden due to absenteeism. A pervasive and persuasive nonchronic absenteeism results in chronic absenteeism, and causes severe damage to students’ life, schools and societies. While a good number of articles address various issues relating to chronic absenteeism, no evidence of research exists investigating nonchronic absenteeism. The aim of this article is to investigate factors affecting nonchronic absenteeism in K-8 students in the United States by applying discrete regression models. Initially, we investigate K-8 students nonchronic absenteeism discrepancies due to socio-demographic and parental involvement factors via descriptive analysis and then employ Poisson and negative binomial regression models for exploring significant factors of K-8 nonchronic absenteeism. The findings of this study will be of great use to st...
This article investigates performance of Sign test, Wilcoxon Signed Rank test and t-tests with an... more This article investigates performance of Sign test, Wilcoxon Signed Rank test and t-tests with and without transformation on paired samples by considering scenarios where assumptions of parametric test may or may not meet. For example, a paired t-testor a specified mean difference requires the assumption of normality of populations the samples come from. Inreal-life, such an assumption may not meet. Given this reality, atransformed t-test or alternately,non-parametric tests (Sign or Signed rank tests)may be employed. To recommend the best test, it is imperative that we compare the performanceof these tests using Type I error probability and power of the test via Monte Carlo simulation at various sample sizes. Unlike the recent study ([1]), this article simulates paired samples from symmetric normal and uniform distributions, and skewed gamma and exponential distributions with varying levels ofcorrelation and skewness in the paired populations.
Mathematical theory and modeling, 2018
Exponential distribution plays an important role in modeling real-life data relating to the conti... more Exponential distribution plays an important role in modeling real-life data relating to the continuous waiting time. In this article, a new estimator of the exponential parameter has been proposed. Some statistical properties of the proposed estimator have been studied. The performance of the new estimator has been compared theoretically, and empirically with the maximum likelihood estimator. Simulation and examples to real-life data reveal that the new estimator has higher relative efficiency as compared to the maximum likelihood estimator. The R program utilized in this study has also been provided. Keywords: Moment generating function; method of moments; exponential parameter; relative efficiency; simulation.
Mathematical theory and modeling, 2018
The performances of confidence interval (CI) estimates of mean for skewed distributions are compa... more The performances of confidence interval (CI) estimates of mean for skewed distributions are compared for three traditional methods and two newly proposed methods using coverage probability and confidence length for varying levels of skewness via simulations. Two real-life examples are incorporated to justify the applicability of the two newly proposed methods (trimmed t and modified trimmed t CIs), compared to the traditional methods (Student’s t mad t and median t CIs). From the results of examples and simulation study, it appears that with skewed distribution, the proposed trimmed t and modified trimmed t CIs are as good as mad t or median t CIs in coverage probability consideration. With lower % trimmed, trimmed and modified trimmed t CIs are identical or close to the Student’s t CI, and with increased % trimmed, they are identical or close to the median t CI. Keywords: Student’s t , Mad t , Median t , Modified trimmed t , Coverage probability, Length of confidence interval.
International Journal of Statistics and Probability, 2020
A new transformed two-sample t-test has been proposed for testing equality of two population mean... more A new transformed two-sample t-test has been proposed for testing equality of two population means for skewed distributions by means of a univariate normal goodness of fit to the combined sample. The small sample performance of the proposed test is compared with untransformed t-test and the non-parametric analogue of t-test via Wilcoxon rank sum test using real-life examples and simulation from skewed distributions with varying values of skewness, empirically. It reveals that the proposed new test is appropriate for estimating the level of significance and is more powerful than the untransformed t-test and the Wilcoxon rank sum test for skewed distributions.
International Journal of Statistics and Probability, 2018
A new estimator of the Poisson parameter is proposed using the moment generating function. Some s... more A new estimator of the Poisson parameter is proposed using the moment generating function. Some statistical properties of the proposed estimator are studied. The performance of the new estimator is compared with the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) via examples and simulation in terms of goodness of fit and relative efficiency. Simulation and examples to real-life data suggest that the new estimator has higher relative efficiency compared to the MLE, while both are comparable in goodness of fit. The R program utilized in all computation and simulation is incorporated to facilitate the implementation of the new estimator in computation.
Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation, 2009
Applications such as public interventions on risk factors associated with the disease necessitate... more Applications such as public interventions on risk factors associated with the disease necessitate the inference of population attributable risk, especially when multiple risk levels with confounders appear in a cross-sectional data set. For case control studies, inference procedures for multiple exposure levels are available in the literature. However, corresponding procedures for survey-type data are not available. In this paper, we propose two estimation procedures. The first one is based on the Wald statistic and the second one is based on a logarithmic transformation. Simulation studies show that the confidence interval estimates of the attributable risk based on the Wald statistic perform equally well with the logarithmic transformation procedure. When the sample size is small, the large sample approximation is not plausible, so we discuss an exact test procedure. A data set regarding the impact of body mass index on diastolic blood pressure and the cardiovascular disease is included for illustration.
Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation, 2013
Abstract Asymptotic variance plays an important role in the inference using interval estimate of ... more Abstract Asymptotic variance plays an important role in the inference using interval estimate of attributable risk. This paper compares asymptotic variances of attributable risk estimate using the delta method and the Fisher information matrix for a 2× 2 casecontrol study due ...
Mathematical Theory and Modeling, 2021
A recent study (Bryant & Wilson, 2020) investigates disproportionality of Charter High School stu... more A recent study (Bryant & Wilson, 2020) investigates disproportionality of Charter High School students' suspensions due to students' ethnicity, socioeconomic status and gender, and it concludes that ethnicity and social status significantly affect students' suspension. Many researches argue that parental activity is significantly related to improved students' outcome (e.g., see Liu et al., 2020). However, the parental and family involvement activities have not been investigated in relation to the high school students' suspension. The purpose of this study is to investigate high school students' suspension due to ethnicity, socioeconomic status and gender adjusted for the parental and family involvement factors in education and vice versa, by employing the data from the United States National Household Education Surveys. Bivariate analyses suggest that six out of the eight parental factors are significantly related to high school students' suspension (chi-squared p-value<0.05). Adjusted multiple logistic regression analyses suggest that four out of the eight parental involvement factors significantly (p-value<0.05) affect high school students' suspension with non-parental involvement showing higher odds of suspension. Our findings have significant implications for practicing and policymaking, as educators and policymakers seek to reduce students' suspension in the face of adverse students' outcomes.
Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation, 2009
Applications such as public interventions on risk factors associated with the disease necessitate... more Applications such as public interventions on risk factors associated with the disease necessitate the inference of population attributable risk, especially when multiple risk levels with confounders appear in a cross-sectional data set. For case control studies, inference procedures for multiple exposure levels are available in the literature. However, corresponding procedures for survey-type data are not available. In this paper, we propose two estimation procedures. The first one is based on the Wald statistic and the second one is based on a logarithmic transformation. Simulation studies show that the confidence interval estimates of the attributable risk based on the Wald statistic perform equally well with the logarithmic transformation procedure. When the sample size is small, the large sample approximation is not plausible, so we discuss an exact test procedure. A data set regarding the impact of body mass index on diastolic blood pressure and the cardiovascular disease is in...
I am grateful to the Department of Mathematics and Statistics for providing me teaching assistant... more I am grateful to the Department of Mathematics and Statistics for providing me teaching assistantship and a wonderful research environment. My special thanks go to Mary Busdeker, Marcia Seubert and Cyndi Patterson for their assistance and cooperation during my stay at Bowling Green State University. I express my sincere gratitude to my parents and family for their love and sacrifice. Finally, my deepest gratitude goes to my husband M. Khairul Islam for his continuous support, understanding and encouragement throughout my graduate study.
European Journal of Educational Research, 2021
Absenteeism is of great concern for K–12 school students in the United States. The aim of this st... more Absenteeism is of great concern for K–12 school students in the United States. The aim of this study is to evaluate effects of parental participation types in absenteeism of Elementary and Secondary Education (K-12) students in the United States. We analyze the data of the U.S. Department of Education (Hanson et al., 2019), in relation to students, schools and parents’ characteristics, along with various parental involvement activities, for exploring how these factors influence K-12 students’ absenteeism in the United States. We employ Chi-square tests for the significance of relationships between parental involvement types and absenteeism of K-12 students. We also undertake multiple logistic regression analyses to evaluate the significance and odds of K-12 students’ absenteeism due to parental involvement activities and other underlying factors. The results of bivariate analyses suggest that parental involvement types are significantly associated with K-12 absenteeism (chi-squared ...
International Journal of Statistics and Probability, 2021
Absenteeism is a national crisis in the United States, and must be addressed adequately at the ea... more Absenteeism is a national crisis in the United States, and must be addressed adequately at the early stages or at its onset, to prevent consequential disaster and burden due to absenteeism. A pervasive and persuasive nonchronic absenteeism results in chronic absenteeism, and causes severe damage to students’ life, schools and societies. While a good number of articles address various issues relating to chronic absenteeism, no evidence of research exists investigating nonchronic absenteeism. The aim of this article is to investigate factors affecting nonchronic absenteeism in K-8 students in the United States by applying discrete regression models. Initially, we investigate K-8 students nonchronic absenteeism discrepancies due to socio-demographic and parental involvement factors via descriptive analysis and then employ Poisson and negative binomial regression models for exploring significant factors of K-8 nonchronic absenteeism. The findings of this study will be of great use to st...
This article investigates performance of Sign test, Wilcoxon Signed Rank test and t-tests with an... more This article investigates performance of Sign test, Wilcoxon Signed Rank test and t-tests with and without transformation on paired samples by considering scenarios where assumptions of parametric test may or may not meet. For example, a paired t-testor a specified mean difference requires the assumption of normality of populations the samples come from. Inreal-life, such an assumption may not meet. Given this reality, atransformed t-test or alternately,non-parametric tests (Sign or Signed rank tests)may be employed. To recommend the best test, it is imperative that we compare the performanceof these tests using Type I error probability and power of the test via Monte Carlo simulation at various sample sizes. Unlike the recent study ([1]), this article simulates paired samples from symmetric normal and uniform distributions, and skewed gamma and exponential distributions with varying levels ofcorrelation and skewness in the paired populations.
Mathematical theory and modeling, 2018
Exponential distribution plays an important role in modeling real-life data relating to the conti... more Exponential distribution plays an important role in modeling real-life data relating to the continuous waiting time. In this article, a new estimator of the exponential parameter has been proposed. Some statistical properties of the proposed estimator have been studied. The performance of the new estimator has been compared theoretically, and empirically with the maximum likelihood estimator. Simulation and examples to real-life data reveal that the new estimator has higher relative efficiency as compared to the maximum likelihood estimator. The R program utilized in this study has also been provided. Keywords: Moment generating function; method of moments; exponential parameter; relative efficiency; simulation.
Mathematical theory and modeling, 2018
The performances of confidence interval (CI) estimates of mean for skewed distributions are compa... more The performances of confidence interval (CI) estimates of mean for skewed distributions are compared for three traditional methods and two newly proposed methods using coverage probability and confidence length for varying levels of skewness via simulations. Two real-life examples are incorporated to justify the applicability of the two newly proposed methods (trimmed t and modified trimmed t CIs), compared to the traditional methods (Student’s t mad t and median t CIs). From the results of examples and simulation study, it appears that with skewed distribution, the proposed trimmed t and modified trimmed t CIs are as good as mad t or median t CIs in coverage probability consideration. With lower % trimmed, trimmed and modified trimmed t CIs are identical or close to the Student’s t CI, and with increased % trimmed, they are identical or close to the median t CI. Keywords: Student’s t , Mad t , Median t , Modified trimmed t , Coverage probability, Length of confidence interval.
International Journal of Statistics and Probability, 2020
A new transformed two-sample t-test has been proposed for testing equality of two population mean... more A new transformed two-sample t-test has been proposed for testing equality of two population means for skewed distributions by means of a univariate normal goodness of fit to the combined sample. The small sample performance of the proposed test is compared with untransformed t-test and the non-parametric analogue of t-test via Wilcoxon rank sum test using real-life examples and simulation from skewed distributions with varying values of skewness, empirically. It reveals that the proposed new test is appropriate for estimating the level of significance and is more powerful than the untransformed t-test and the Wilcoxon rank sum test for skewed distributions.
International Journal of Statistics and Probability, 2018
A new estimator of the Poisson parameter is proposed using the moment generating function. Some s... more A new estimator of the Poisson parameter is proposed using the moment generating function. Some statistical properties of the proposed estimator are studied. The performance of the new estimator is compared with the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) via examples and simulation in terms of goodness of fit and relative efficiency. Simulation and examples to real-life data suggest that the new estimator has higher relative efficiency compared to the MLE, while both are comparable in goodness of fit. The R program utilized in all computation and simulation is incorporated to facilitate the implementation of the new estimator in computation.
Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation, 2009
Applications such as public interventions on risk factors associated with the disease necessitate... more Applications such as public interventions on risk factors associated with the disease necessitate the inference of population attributable risk, especially when multiple risk levels with confounders appear in a cross-sectional data set. For case control studies, inference procedures for multiple exposure levels are available in the literature. However, corresponding procedures for survey-type data are not available. In this paper, we propose two estimation procedures. The first one is based on the Wald statistic and the second one is based on a logarithmic transformation. Simulation studies show that the confidence interval estimates of the attributable risk based on the Wald statistic perform equally well with the logarithmic transformation procedure. When the sample size is small, the large sample approximation is not plausible, so we discuss an exact test procedure. A data set regarding the impact of body mass index on diastolic blood pressure and the cardiovascular disease is included for illustration.
Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation, 2013
Abstract Asymptotic variance plays an important role in the inference using interval estimate of ... more Abstract Asymptotic variance plays an important role in the inference using interval estimate of attributable risk. This paper compares asymptotic variances of attributable risk estimate using the delta method and the Fisher information matrix for a 2× 2 casecontrol study due ...
Mathematical Theory and Modeling, 2021
A recent study (Bryant & Wilson, 2020) investigates disproportionality of Charter High School stu... more A recent study (Bryant & Wilson, 2020) investigates disproportionality of Charter High School students' suspensions due to students' ethnicity, socioeconomic status and gender, and it concludes that ethnicity and social status significantly affect students' suspension. Many researches argue that parental activity is significantly related to improved students' outcome (e.g., see Liu et al., 2020). However, the parental and family involvement activities have not been investigated in relation to the high school students' suspension. The purpose of this study is to investigate high school students' suspension due to ethnicity, socioeconomic status and gender adjusted for the parental and family involvement factors in education and vice versa, by employing the data from the United States National Household Education Surveys. Bivariate analyses suggest that six out of the eight parental factors are significantly related to high school students' suspension (chi-squared p-value<0.05). Adjusted multiple logistic regression analyses suggest that four out of the eight parental involvement factors significantly (p-value<0.05) affect high school students' suspension with non-parental involvement showing higher odds of suspension. Our findings have significant implications for practicing and policymaking, as educators and policymakers seek to reduce students' suspension in the face of adverse students' outcomes.
Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation, 2009
Applications such as public interventions on risk factors associated with the disease necessitate... more Applications such as public interventions on risk factors associated with the disease necessitate the inference of population attributable risk, especially when multiple risk levels with confounders appear in a cross-sectional data set. For case control studies, inference procedures for multiple exposure levels are available in the literature. However, corresponding procedures for survey-type data are not available. In this paper, we propose two estimation procedures. The first one is based on the Wald statistic and the second one is based on a logarithmic transformation. Simulation studies show that the confidence interval estimates of the attributable risk based on the Wald statistic perform equally well with the logarithmic transformation procedure. When the sample size is small, the large sample approximation is not plausible, so we discuss an exact test procedure. A data set regarding the impact of body mass index on diastolic blood pressure and the cardiovascular disease is in...
I am grateful to the Department of Mathematics and Statistics for providing me teaching assistant... more I am grateful to the Department of Mathematics and Statistics for providing me teaching assistantship and a wonderful research environment. My special thanks go to Mary Busdeker, Marcia Seubert and Cyndi Patterson for their assistance and cooperation during my stay at Bowling Green State University. I express my sincere gratitude to my parents and family for their love and sacrifice. Finally, my deepest gratitude goes to my husband M. Khairul Islam for his continuous support, understanding and encouragement throughout my graduate study.