Tapan Mandal - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Tapan Mandal

Exploratory Animal and Medical Research, 2014

The veterinarians frequently use ceftriaxone intramuscularly in treatment of mastitis. Fibrosin® ... more The veterinarians frequently use ceftriaxone intramuscularly in treatment of mastitis. Fibrosin® , a polyherbal drug is also commonly used as supportive therapy for let down of milk during mastitis. The present study was conducted to determine milk level of ceftizoxime, a major active metabolite of ceftriaxone and its effect on milk enzyme activity in lactating goats following single dose intramuscular administration of ceftriaxone (@ 50 mg / kg body weight) with or without one hour prior to oral administration of polyherbal drug (1.9 gm). Twelve clinically healthy lactating Black Bengal goats were divided into two groups (namely Group I, group II) each containing six goats. A single intramuscular dose of ceftriaxone was administered at 50 mg/kg body weight to each goat of group-I only, while a total dose of 1.9 gm of polyherbal drug was administered orally to each goat of group-II before one hour of cefriaxone administration. Milk concentration of ceftriaxone and ceftizoxime were a...

Journal of Research and Advancement in Dentistry, 2021

Review Article IntroductIon COVID-19 has created a vast impact on general population and health-c... more Review Article IntroductIon COVID-19 has created a vast impact on general population and health-care sector, since it was declared as pandemic by the WHO on March 11, 2020. [1] With emergence of second wave, there is increasing number of cases each day leading to scarcity of health-care resources affecting the outcome of the treatment. With all these consequences, COVID-19 has become India's fastest growing epidemic. [2] Among this crisis, there is increased incidence of mucormycosis, which is considered highly fatal. Mucormycosis is an angioinvasive opportunistic fungal infection caused by the ubiquitous filamentous fungi of the Mucorales order of the class of Zygomycetes. It was first described by Paultauf in 1889. [3] Mucormycosis, also referred to as Zygomycosis, is third most common invasive mycosis after candidiasis and aspergillosis in patients with compromised immunity, underlying debilitating systemic diseases, and hematological abnormalities. [4] The common Mucorales species involved are Rhizopus, Lichtheimia, and Mucor. Other species such as Rhizomucor, Saksenaea, Cunninghamella, and Apophysomyces are rare. Mucorales are ubiquitous, present mainly in bread molds, decaying foods, soil, and in putrefying organisms. The major route of infection is through inhalations of the airborne fungal spores, which can then spread to the paranasal sinuses (PNS), lungs, and extensive tissue involvement. [5] Six well recognized clinical forms of mucormycosis are the pulmonary, cutaneous, gastrointestinal, rhinocerebral, central nervous system, and disseminated. Rhinocerebral form followed by pulmonary is the most common type of this invasive infection. [6] Mucormycosis, commonly regarded as black fungus, is one of the most tissue destructing and devastating complications in uncontrolled diabetics with high fatality rates ranging between 60 and 80%. It is well established that there is direct association between diabetes and the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection and thus diabetics are at higher risk of contracting the secondary opportunistic mucormycosis during COVID-19 infection. [7] However, it is offlate affecting individuals below 40 years without any comorbidities. Stress along with usage of corticosteroids could probably being the cause. Infection with mucormycosis is considered highly fatal due to its fulminating spread, disseminated infection, cavernous sinus thrombosis, carotid artery involvement, osteomyelitis, and death. [8] Emergence of "Black fungus" in this Covid-19 pandemic has created an situation of medical emergency. Black fungus, scientifically known as mucormycosis, is an rare opportunistic invasive fungal infection caused by Mucorales affecting uncontrolled diabetics, immunocompromised patients, patients with stem cell transplant, prolonged intensive care unit stay and in those with hematological abnormalities. Offlate, there has been upsurge of this potentially fatal infection in COVID patients and in post-COVID scenario due to the mutant strain and treatment protocol followed in COVID patients. Elevated blood glucose levels, use of corticosteroids and immunosuppressants in COVID era has provided conducive environment for growth of Mucorales. Preventive measures, early diagnosis, and intervention are required to prevent its fast progression and hence preventing fatality.

Telecommunications and Radio Engineering, 2020

2011 Indian Antenna Week (IAW), 2011

Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2014

Background: To identify an effective misoprostol-only regime for the termination of second trimes... more Background: To identify an effective misoprostol-only regime for the termination of second trimester pregnancy. Objectives: To compare the efficacy, safety and acceptability of sublingual and vaginal misoprostol for second trimester pregnancy termination. Methods: In a prospective randomized comparative study, over 138 pregnant women at 13-20 weeks (91-140 days) of gestation requiring medical abortion were randomly assigned to the sublingual or vaginal route for misoprostol administration with dose schedule of 400 mcg every 3 hours up to 5 doses within 24 hours. The course of misoprostol was repeated if the woman did not abort within 24 hours. Primary outcome was the efficacy of the treatment to terminate pregnancy completely at 24 and 48 hours. Secondary outcomes measured were induction-abortion interval, side effects, failure rate, and women's perception to these treatments. Results: At 24 h, the complete abortion rate was 87.88% in the vaginal administration group and 79.41% in sublingual group (difference 8.5%, 95% CI: 3.8 to 13.2). No significant difference in the complete abortion rates was observed at 48 h (90.91% versus 88.24% difference: 2.7%, 95% CI: −0.04 to 5.4) when vaginal and sublingual groups were compared. Mean induction-abortion interval in sublingual and vaginal groups was 12.28 h (95% CI of mean 11.019-13.541 h) and 13.11 h (95% CI of mean 12.0301-14.1899 h) respectively; p = 0.485. The rates of side effects were similar in both groups except for fever, which was more common in vaginal group. Significantly more women in the sublingual group preferred the route as compared to vaginal administration (RR 1.618. 95% CI: 1.277-2.050; p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Both sublingual and vaginal routes of misoprostol are equally effective in medical termination of pregnancy in second trimester but sublingual route was preferred by the women.

International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 2014

Functionally gradient WC-Co hardmetals not containing η phase with a Co depleted surface layer ca... more Functionally gradient WC-Co hardmetals not containing η phase with a Co depleted surface layer can be produced by heat treating WC-Co in a carburizing atmosphere. This study investigates the effect of process parameters of carburizing heat treatment, such as time, temperature, volume fraction of methane in carburizing atmosphere, and flow rate of mixed gases on cobalt gradient structure in functionally gradient WC-Co. Taguchi method is used to formulate the experiment layout, and the range analysis and the analysis of variance are employed to determine the optimal process parameter levels and to analyze the effect of parameters on cobalt gradient structure. The results indicate that the order of significance of the parameters on both thickness and amplitude of cobalt gradient is temperature followed by volume fraction of methane, time and flow rate of mixed gases. Both the thickness and the amplitude of the gradients increase with increasing temperature and time, and decrease with increasing volume fraction of methane, and first increase then decrease with increasing flow rate of mixed gases. Finally, the optimal combination of process parameters for fabricating functionally gradient WC-Co composites is determined.

Chemotherapy, 1985

The pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone (CRO) after subcutaneous and intravenous administration was s... more The pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone (CRO) after subcutaneous and intravenous administration was studied in 10 healthy volunteers (5 males, 5 females, age 22-43 years, body weight 64.3 +/- 9.5 kg). Each of them received 2.0 g CRO i.v., and then 0.5 g i.v. and 0.5 g CRO s.c. in a randomized cross-over design. Subcutaneous administration of ceftriaxone was tolerable in combination with lidocaine. Serum and urine concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography and for comparison with a bioassay. Mean serum concentrations were high after intravenous administration: 258 +/- 40 mg/1 (0 min, 2 g i.v.) resp. 84 +/- 40 mg/1 (0 min, 0.5 g i.v.). They declined to 11.6 +/- 4.2 mg/1 (2 g) resp. 6.5 +/- 2.2 mg/1 (0.5 g i.v.) within 24 h. Following subcutaneous application peak serum concentrations of 37.1 +/- 5.6 mg/1 were found after 138 +/- 49 min and a mean serum concentration of 6.6 +/- 1.6 mg/1 after 24 h. Concentrations of free ceftriaxone, determined by ultrafiltration, were 9.2 +/- 2.7% of total concentrations from 25 to 200 mg/1. Cumulated urine recoveries over a period of 24 h were: 51.2 +/- 8.9% (2 g i.v.), 47.1 +/- 7.9% (0.5 g i.v.) and 39.7 +/- 9.5% (0.5 g s.c.). There was no evidence for the presence of a microbiologically active metabolite in urine. Comparison of pharmacokinetic parameters for the 0.5 g dose did not show relevant differences between intravenous and subcutaneous administration (using an open two-compartment model): t beta 1/2 (min) 514 +/- 104 (s.c.), 592 +/- 133 (i.v.), VD,Area (1) 11.9 +/- 3.8 (s.c.), 13.3 +/- 3.8 (i.v.) and AUCtot (mg X h/1) 515 +/- 106 (s.c.) and 549 +/- 125 (i.v.). Bioavailability of the subcutaneous application was 0.96 +/- 0.26. For the 2 g i.v. dose the known nondosis-dependent kinetics was observed. Subcutaneous administration of ceftriaxone appears to be a possible alternative to the intravenous route in selected clinical situations or cases.

Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 2009

This study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of metabolic syndrome in an outpatien... more This study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of metabolic syndrome in an outpatient clozapine clinic in Australia. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of some of the most dangerous cardiovascular risk factors, and its high prevalence in people with mental illness has been demonstrated. Patients attending a clozapine clinic were screened for the following: age, gender, ethnicity, waist circumference, blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein level, low-density lipoprotein level, blood sugar levels, total cholesterol level, triglycerides level, weight, body mass index, insulin resistance level, length of time on clozapine, clozapine dose, smoking status, family history of diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and personal history of polycystic ovarian syndrome. All the variables that were found to be significantly associated with metabolic syndrome were entered into a multivariate logistic regression analysis. Seventy-three patients were screened for metabolic syndrome using the International Diabetes Federation&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s (2007) definition. Forty-five (61.6%) patients met the criteria for the syndrome. Increased blood sugar level, high diastolic blood pressure, older age, increased waist circumference, raised triglycerides level, and higher body mass index emerged as significant predictors of metabolic syndrome in the sample. This study adds further support for the systematic screening for metabolic syndrome in patients receiving clozapine. The need for intervention programs which screen for and address the modifiable risk factors of metabolic syndrome is discussed.

American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 2005

PURPOSE Pharmacokinetic and safety data related to the use of inhaled insulin for the management ... more PURPOSE Pharmacokinetic and safety data related to the use of inhaled insulin for the management of diabetes mellitus are discussed. The various pulmonary insulin delivery systems under development are also reviewed. SUMMARY Several pharmaceutical companies are developing pulmonary insulin delivery systems. These products fall into two main groups: solution and drug powder formulations, which are delivered through different patented inhaler systems. Exubera, a rapid-acting insulin in powder form, has been studied extensively in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The AERx Insulin Diabetes Management System delivers a liquid form of human insulin. Preliminary data indicate that patients converting from insulin injections to this system showed higher compliance to therapy, demonstrated by improved glycemic control. Other pulmonary insulin delivery systems, including ProMaxx, AIR, Spiros, and Technosphere, are also under investigation. In humans, inhaled regular insulin is more rapidly absorbed than insulin from the subcutaneous injection site. The efficiency of inhaled insulin is lower than that of subcutaneous injection because pulmonary delivery of insulin involves some loss of drug within the inhaler or mouth during inhalation. A concern of many clinicians is the possibility of long-term effects from the intraalveolar deposition of insulin within the lung, since insulin is known to have growth-promoting properties. The long-term safety of these products has not been established. CONCLUSION Several inhaled insulin products are under development. If these products receive marketing approval, the pulmonary delivery of insulin may offer patients with diabetes an alternative to repeated insulin injections.

The polyherbal drug (Fibrosin®) is often used as supportive therapy with intramuscular ceftriaxon... more The polyherbal drug (Fibrosin®) is often used as supportive therapy with intramuscular ceftriaxone injection for treatment of mastitis. A single dose of ceftriaxone at 50 mg kg−1 was administered intramuscularly in six healthy lactating goats and a single oral dose of Fibrosin® (1.9 gm) was given 1 hr prior to intramuscular ceftriaxone injection to study disposition of ceftriaxone. Plasma and urine samples were collected at predetermined time schedule and ceftriaxone/ceftizoxime was extracted and analyzed by HPLC. Ceftriaxone persisted for 3 hr in plasma of fibrosin treated healthy lactating goats. Mean t½ K (distribution half life) following absorption phase and t½ K′(elimination half life) following intestinal re-absorption phase were respectively, 0.091 ± 0.01 and 0.43 ± 0.03 hr with a re-absorption half life (t½Ka′) of 0.18 ± 0.003 hr.Ceftriaxone at a lower concentration (67.91 ± 9.42 μg ml−1) was recovered at 24 hr post dosing from urine. This is the first report of pharmacokin...

goats in presence of Fibrosin decreased significantly compared to t ½ β (0.21 ± 0.01 h) in health... more goats in presence of Fibrosin decreased significantly compared to t ½ β (0.21 ± 0.01 h) in healthy lactating goats. Ceftizoxime, a major active metabolite of ceftriaxone, persisted for a longer period in milk after single-dose intravenous administration of ceftriaxone. Ceftizoxime was also available up to 72 hours post-dosing in urine of healthy lactating goats, while ceftriaxone was recovered at 24 hours followed by recovery of its metabolite ceftizoxime at 48 and 72 hours post-dosing in urine of Fibrosin-treated healthy and mastitic goats, respectively. Ceftriaxone induced microsomal cytochrome P450 in liver of healthy goats after intravenous administration.

International Journal of Livestock Research

Nature Precedings

The present study was carried out on the basis of status of arsenic in soil, drinking water and p... more The present study was carried out on the basis of status of arsenic in soil, drinking water and plants, blood, urine and faeces of animals at arsenic prone zone. Within the ambit with the environment, the examination of animals was taken into consideration. They were screened and categorised on the degree of As toxicity. For field works animals were randomly selected from arsenic prone zone. The external manifestation indicated a complex syndrome and characteristic signs such as increased heart rate and respiratory rate, red urine, congested mucous membrane, anorexia, absence of ruminal motility, diarrhoea with blood, polyuria and unusual weight loss. The haematobiochemical changes such as low Hb level, decreased level of TEC, TLC and increased level ALT, AST, BUN and creatinine. Increased level of arsenic in urine, blood and faeces than the value of control animals could be the confirmatory indication of arsenic toxicity.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2016

Chronic arsenic poisoning due to contaminated subsoil water is a threat to society in West Bengal... more Chronic arsenic poisoning due to contaminated subsoil water is a threat to society in West Bengal, India and in Bangladesh. The human being may also be affected by the exposed cattle from the affected area by consuming milk, egg, meat and others. In Ayurveda, several herbs like Haridra (turmeric), Shunthi (dried ginger root) and others are used for the management of arsenic poisoning. The study was conducted to find out the ameliorative effect of turmeric and ginger powder against experimentally induced arsenic toxicity in calves. Twenty four calves were divided into four groups (group I, II, III and IV) having six animals in each group. Animals of group I, II and III were orally administered with sodium arsenite at 1mg/kg body weight for 90 days and in addition group II and group III animals were treated orally with turmeric and ginger powder respectively at 10mg/kg body weight from 46th day onwards. Group IV animals were given food and water without drug and served as control. Arsenic content was estimated in faeces, hair, urine and plasma in every 15 days. Bio-chemical, haematological and anti-oxidant parameters were also assessed. Turmeric and ginger powder significantly (P&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05) reduced the plasma and hair arsenic levels through increased excretion via faeces and urine. Haemoglobin level, TEC and TLC were decreased in groups I, II and III, however these were improved significantly (P&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05) from 75th day onwards in turmeric and ginger treated groups. Increased activity of AST and ALT were significantly decreased (P&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05) from 75th day onwards in group II and III. Blood urea nitrogen and plasma creatinine were also significantly decreased (P&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05) in group II and III than group I from 60th day onwards. The SOD and catalase activity were significantly (P&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05) reduced in groups I, II and III, but these were restored at the end of the experiment in turmeric and ginger treated groups. The test drugs are found significantly effective not only to eliminate arsenic from the body but also give protection from possible damage caused by arsenic exposure, it may be concluded from the present study that turmeric and ginger can be helpful in the therapy of chronic arsenic toxicity in calves.

Pharmacologyonline, 2011

Study was conducted to find out the analgesic efficacy and adverse effects of aqueous extract of ... more Study was conducted to find out the analgesic efficacy and adverse effects of aqueous extract of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) in Wistar rats. The study was carried out using male Wistar rats (150-200gm). The animals were divided into 5 groups (n=6) receiving different treatments. Both visceral and somatic pain in animals was assayed using radiant heat method, hot plate method and writhing test. The first group of animals was taken as control, the second group was given the reference standard drug and the other groups received indigenous drug Aloe vera gel at different doses. For sub-acute toxicity study, Aloe vera was administered daily for 14 days at the dose level of 300 mg/kg dose. Biochemical analysis of blood and histopathological study of GI mucosa was done after 14 days. Aqueous extract of Aloe vera gel showed significant analgesia compared to control. The results were significant (p<0.001) in radiant heat method and also in hot plate method (p<0.05) at the dose of 300 mg/kg. Writhing test showed maximum inhibition (51.17 %) at the dose of 300 mg/kg. No adverse effects on renal and hepatic functions were found with Aloe vera. Histopathological study of GI mucosa showed preservation of normal architecture with Aloe vera. The aqueous extract of Aloe vera gel showed significant analgesia and to be safe in respect of the renal and hepatic functions along with no adverse effects on GI mucosa.

The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2014

... AKHILESH MISHRA*1, GAYATRI DEWANGAN1, VIKAS MAHAJAN2 AND TK MANDAL1 1 Department of Pharmacol... more ... AKHILESH MISHRA*1, GAYATRI DEWANGAN1, VIKAS MAHAJAN2 AND TK MANDAL1 1 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Mohanpur campus, Nadia-741235, West Bengal, India. ...

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary tumor of bone, yet its absolute incidence among malignant... more Osteosarcoma is the most common primary tumor of bone, yet its absolute incidence among malignant tumors is low. Within its strict histologic definition, osteosarcoma comprises a family of lesions with considerable diversity in histologic features and grade. In most cases, typical radiographic features clearly illustrate the aggressive bone forming nature of the lesion. The successful treatment of patients with osteosarcoma requires close cooperation within an experienced multidisciplinary team including pediadric or medical oncologists, surgeons, physicians, pathologist and radiologists. Therapy must include complete surgical removal of all detectable tumor sites as well as multi-agent chemotherapy. Novel approaches are needed in order to improve their prognosis and developing to new targeted drug delivery techniques for less toxicity to the host. In this article we discuss clinical presentation, diagnosis, different types of treatment, health promotion and physico-chemical care for patients with osteosarcoma.

Iranian Journal of Pharmacology Therapeutics, Dec 22, 2006