Tawfik Khoja - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Tawfik Khoja

Lancet (London, England), Jan 10, 2015

The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) is the first of a s... more The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) is the first of a series of annual updates of the GBD. Risk factor quantification, particularly of modifiable risk factors, can help to identify emerging threats to population health and opportunities for prevention. The GBD 2013 provides a timely opportunity to update the comparative risk assessment with new data for exposure, relative risks, and evidence on the appropriate counterfactual risk distribution. Attributable deaths, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) have been estimated for 79 risks or clusters of risks using the GBD 2010 methods. Risk-outcome pairs meeting explicit evidence criteria were assessed for 188 countries for the period 1990-2013 by age and sex using three inputs: risk exposure, relative risks, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL). Risks are organised into a hierarchy with blocks of behavioural, environmental...

The Lancet, 2015

Health is improving globally, but this means more populations are spending more time with functio... more Health is improving globally, but this means more populations are spending more time with functional health loss-an absolute expansion of morbidity. The proportion of life spent in ill health decreases somewhat with increasing SDI-a relative compression of morbidity-which supports continued efforts to elevate personal income, improve education, and limit fertility. Our analysis of DALYs, HALE, and their relationship to SDI represents a robust framework on which to benchmark geography-specific health performance and SDG progress. Country-specific drivers of disease burden, particularly for causes with higher-than-expected DALYs, should inform financial and research investments, prevention efforts, health policies, and health system improvement initiatives for all countries along the development continuum. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Research in context Evidence before this study Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), a summary measure of population health based on estimates of premature mortality and nonfatal health loss, originated from the initial Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study in 1993. DALYs, in combination with other summary measures such as healthy life expectancy (HALE), offer relatively simple yet powerful metrics against which progress and challenges in improving disease burden and extending healthy lifespans can be effectively monitored over time. Published in 2012, GBD 2010 provided updated estimates of DALYs due to 291 causes and HALE in 187 countries from 1990 to 2010. GBD 2013 extended this time series to 2013, 188 countries, and 306 causes. Novel analyses for quantifying epidemiologic transitions were introduced as part of GBD 2013, enabling a comparison of shifts in years of life lost (YLLs) and years lived with disability (YLDs) with increasing levels of development. The World Health Organization (WHO) has produced estimates of DALYs and HALE largely based off GBD 2010 and GBD 2013; however, modifications were implemented for a subset of causes, disability weights, and countries, and a normative life table of 91.9 years at birth was used for calculating YLLs.

Journal of Family and Community Medicine

International Journal of Public Health, 2017

Objectives The Eastern Mediterranean Region faces several health challenges at a difficult time w... more Objectives The Eastern Mediterranean Region faces several health challenges at a difficult time with wars, unrest, and economic change. Methods We used the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study to present the burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors in the Eastern Mediterranean Region from 1990 to 2015. Results Ischemic heart disease was the leading cause of death in the region in 2015, followed by cerebrovascular disease. Changes in total deaths ranged from a reduction of 25% for diarrheal diseases to an increase of about 42% for diabetes and tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer. Collective violence and legal intervention increased by 850% during the time period. Diet was the leading risk factor for disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for men compared to maternal malnutrition for females. Childhood undernutrition was the leading risk factor for DALYs in 1990 and 2005, but the second in 2015 after high blood pressure. Conclusions Our study shows that the region is facing several health challenges and calls for global efforts to stabilise the region and to address the current and future burden of disease.

1 Princess Nora Bint Abdullah Chair for Women’s Health Research, Research Chair Program, King Sau... more 1 Princess Nora Bint Abdullah Chair for Women’s Health Research, Research Chair Program, King Saud University, P.O. Box 231831, Riyadh 11321, Saudi Arabia 2Department of Family & Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 3 Gulf Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 4Council of Cooperative Health Insurance, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 5Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 6Central Hospital Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Korean Society of Food Science and Technology, Oct 1, 2019

COVID-19 has become a major global public health threat. It started from Wuhan a province of Chin... more COVID-19 has become a major global public health threat. It started from Wuhan a province of China in December 2019 and has spread in every country of the globe with over 100 million people currently infected and over three million deaths as of May 2021. Nearly a year on, with many town and cities are in lockdown and with all public health measures to minimize transmission of the virus SARS-COV-2 and the scientific achievements with many vaccines developed in record time, the transmission in the second wave is still strong with new variants of the virus emerging. The pandemic has caused a serious impact on the economic, social, political, and cultural dynamics of people, globally. The majority of people with mild and moderate symptoms of COVID-19 seek primary care (PC) service as the entry point for getting medical intervention, reducing flow to hospital care. Currently, primary care settings are facing major challenges including lack of funds, poor infrastructure in some countries,...

International Journal of Epidemiology, 2021

Person-centered care is one of the vital components of a health care system and signifies the con... more Person-centered care is one of the vital components of a health care system and signifies the concept of health promotion and disease prevention. This study aimed to identify the perceptions of patients and physicians regarding person-centered care in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). A cross-sectional study was conducted in six countries of EMR during June 2019 to August 2019. In first phase, 190 family physicians (FPs) practicing for atleast six months were recruited. In the next phase, the recruited FPs then approached their patients aged more than 18 years. Multinomial regression analysis was conducted using SPSS version 20. Of a total of 300 patients, 25% were aged 40 years or above and the majority 56% were females. Among physicians, 62.8% were between 25 to 35 years and 88% had a postgraduate training in Family Medicine. Thirty six percent of patients and 62.6% of physicians, preferred a person-centered care model of care. Among physicians, field of specialization (ORad...

The Lancet Neurology, 2018

Are we ready for a person-centered care model for patient-physician consultation? A survey from f... more Are we ready for a person-centered care model for patient-physician consultation? A survey from family physicians and

Cureus, 2017

This study was undertaken to review the health care status in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) ... more This study was undertaken to review the health care status in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) member states, and explore current challenges and future opportunities. Available data was acquired using databases including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. The data gathered was then combined and the expert authors in the field discussed and propose strategies to overcome the challenges. There is an increase in both population and health care needs of GCC States citizens and migrant workers. The huge emigrant population challenges the capability of the already limited available health care resources. The region is faced with a quadruple disease burden that includes communicable and non-communicable diseases, mental health issues and accidental injuries. Recent advances in technology have made breakthroughs in diagnosis and treatment modalities but with an increase in overall health care cost. Innovative and cost-effective strategies are required to cater the health care needs of people living in the GCC states. Policy makers should emphasize the need to prioritize and strengthen primary care as a matter of urgency.

World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine, 2015

of Person Centered Care a challenging task to practice.(9) A need was established to look at barr... more of Person Centered Care a challenging task to practice.(9) A need was established to look at barriers, challenges and way forward for implementation of PCC model of patient and physician consultation within EMR Countries.

International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences, 2021

Objectives: The present study aimed to affirm the dentist's knowledge of medication safety in the... more Objectives: The present study aimed to affirm the dentist's knowledge of medication safety in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: It is an analysis of a cross-sectional survey that conferred dentists' knowledge of medication safety in Saudi Arabia. Selfreported an electronic survey of dentists, comprising dentists from internship to the consultant, dental specialisms in Saudi Arabia. The survey contained respondents' demographic information about dentists and knowledge information of designated medication safety elements, and the resources of knowledge of medication safety elements in dental care. The 5-point Likert response scale system was employed with closed-ended questions. The data analysis of the dentist's knowledge of medication safety is completed through the survey monkey system. The statistical package of social sciences (SPSS), Jeffery's Amazing Statistics Program (JASP), and Microsoft excel sheet (version 16) were used in the study. Results: The total number of responding dentists was 242, with the mainstream of them coming from the central region 95 (39.26%) with statistically substantial among the areas (p<0.05). Of those, 144 (59.75%) were male, while 97 (40.25%) were female, with statistically significant between them (p<0.05). The total average scores of dentist knowledge of medication safety in dental care were 2.78 with high scores element, knowledge of the high alert medication in dental care was 3.48, consider the Medication Errors (MEs) as a sentinel event (3.25), and familiar with medications reconciliation in dental care (3.23). The most resources employed for medication safety for dental care were health practitioners [129 (54.20%)] and scientific literature [118 (49.58%)]. The reliability test was evaluated in McDonald's ω (0.955) and Cronbach alpha (0.955). Conclusion: The dentist's knowledge of medication safety was insufficient in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Targeting training and education of dental medication safety during undergraduate and postgraduates school of dentistry is highly suggested to improve patient's safety in dental care in Saudi Arabia.

World Family Medicine Journal /Middle East Journal of Family Medicine, 2011

Global health provides a challenge for primary care and general practice which will become increa... more Global health provides a challenge for primary care and general practice which will become increasingly important in the future as the prevalence of multimorbidity increases. There is increasing likelihood of survival from acute illnesses and increase an in the elderly population. This literature review focuses on the health inequities, the role of family medicine and the factors that are essential in overcoming these inequalities.

Background: "Access to Person-Centered care" is a major area of concern throughout the world incl... more Background: "Access to Person-Centered care" is a major area of concern throughout the world including the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Objective: This networking paper reviews current status, barriers, opportunities, challenges and future directions with regards to "Access to Person-Centered care" in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Methods: The lead Author from the "Working Party on Research of Eastern Mediterranean Region" invited members through its "yahoo group" to participate in this networking project. Objectives and work plan were developed by the lead Author and shared with interested contributors. Co-Authors and Advisors were invited to contribute and timelines were set for contributors to submit their report. Submissions were collected by lead authors and put into a draft that was shared with contributors for feedback. After incorporating feedback, the final draft was edited by the "Editor" before submission for publication consideration. Results: Access to Person-Centered care in the Eastern Mediterranean Region shows extreme variations. At one end there are oil and gas rich countries that offer advanced health care services to the majority of their local population while on the other end are impoverished countries that are unable to provide even minimum required services to their people. Inequalities in health status have been growing since the mid-1990s and have resulted in an increasing gap between the most advantaged and disadvantaged social groups.

East Mediterr Health J, 1997