Tayo Omobowale - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Tayo Omobowale

African Journal of Biomedical Research, 2017

In this study, the normal electrocardiogram of apparently normal, conscious pigeons was described... more In this study, the normal electrocardiogram of apparently normal, conscious pigeons was described. Standard bipolar and augmented unipolar limb leads were recorded in a total of apparently healthy 30 pigeons. Waveforms were analyzed in all the leads at 50 mm/s and 10 mm/mV. P-wave was monophasic and positive in leads I, II, III, aVL and aVF but negative in aVR. Heart rate ranged from 205 to 342 beats/min with a mean (± SD) of 276.0±42.9 beats/min. The MEA ranged between -99 to -90 degrees. The predominant QRS pattern in lead in lead I was rs while the rS was predominant in leads II, III and aVR. The r and Qr morphologies were observed in leads aVF and aVL respectively. ST slurring was found in all the leads. The ECG values and patterns recorded in these clinically healthy pigeons will facilitate better understanding of ECG changes that are seen in diseases and are expected to provide a comparison to aid clinical diagnosis Keywords : Electrocardiogram, Pigeons, Limb leads.

Topics in Companion Animal Medicine, 2021

In dogs, canine parvovirus (CPV) enteritis is associated with high morbidity and fatality rates r... more In dogs, canine parvovirus (CPV) enteritis is associated with high morbidity and fatality rates requiring early diagnosis to facilitate treatment and reduce its spread. In recent times, various commercial immunochromatographic (IC) test kits are available for rapid diagnosis, which require an assessment of their accuracy. Therefore, precision of a point-of-care IC combination test kit for canine coronavirus (CCoV)/CPV faecal antigen detection was evaluated in this study. Multicentred random faecal samples from 115 dogs with gastroenteritis were checked for the presence of CPV antigens using the SensPERT® IC combination test kit and the result was compared with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as a reference test. Parvovirus was detected in 105 (91.3%) and 108 (93.9%) faecal samples by the point-of-care test kit and PCR, respectively. The point-of-care IC test kit showed 95.4% relative sensitivity, 71.4% specificity, 98.1% positive predictive value, 50.0% negative predictive value, and 93.9% accuracy comparable to conventional PCR in the samples tested. This point-of-care test kit also demonstrated a fair positive likelihood ratio (3.34), a very low negative likelihood ratio (0.07) and a moderate agreement (Kappa = 0.6) compared with conventional PCR. This test kit has shown to be very useful in the screening of dogs for CPV infection, and is a reliable alternative for diagnosing CPV both in conventional laboratories and remote areas without laboratories. Negative results in the IC testing with high suspicion of CPV infection should be further confirmed using superior test such as PCR.

Comparative Clinical Pathology, 2020

This report describes the clinical presentation, pathology and molecular diagnosis of canine parv... more This report describes the clinical presentation, pathology and molecular diagnosis of canine parvovirus infection in male Boerboel and female Alsatian puppies. The history of the dogs was considered, examined clinically for vital parameters, haemogram changes and faeces screened for parasites and canine parvovirus faecal antigen. Tissue samples were taken at necropsy for confirmatory diagnosis using histopathology, immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence analysis. There was a severe regenerative anaemia, leucopenia and lymphopaenia. The positive antigen faecal test and pathological findings of haemorrhagic enteritis suggested canine parvoviral enteritis disease. Polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis confirmed canine parvovirus-2a as the aetiology of the disease. Informed management is important to avoid complications resulting from secondary to severe dehydration, hypovolemia from marked gastrointestinal fluid and protein loss and sepsis from bacterial translocation and leukopenia.

Environmental Toxicology, 2019

Fluoride is an environmental contaminant that is ubiquitously present in air, water, and soil. It... more Fluoride is an environmental contaminant that is ubiquitously present in air, water, and soil. It is commonly added in minute quantity to drinking water, toothpaste, and mouth rinses to prevent tooth decay. Epidemiological findings have demonstrated that exposure to fluoride induced neurodevelopmental toxicity, developmental neurotoxicity, and motor disorders. The neuroprotective effect of clofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonist, was investigated in the present study. Forty male Wistar rats were used for this study and randomly grouped into 10 rats per group as control, sodium fluoride (NaF) alone (300 ppm), NaF plus clofibrate (250 mg/kg), and NaF plus lisinopril (10 mg/kg), respectively, for 7 days. NaF was administered in drinking water while clofibrate and lisinopril were administered by oral gavage. Markers of neuronal inflammation and oxidative stress, acetylcholinesterase activity, and neurobehavioral (hanging wire and open field) tests were performed. Immunohistochemistry was performed on brain tissues, and they were probed with glial fibrillary acidic protein, ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1,

International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine, 2017

Hematology and plasma biochemistry parameters are useful in the assessment and management of thre... more Hematology and plasma biochemistry parameters are useful in the assessment and management of threatened and endangered species. Although reference values are readily available for many mammalian species, reference values for snakes are lacking for most species. We determined hematology and plasma biochemistry values for captive African rock pythons (Python sebae) and studied the effects of age, sex, season and hemoparasites on these values. Blood (5 mL) was collected by venipuncture of ventral coccygeal vein from 19 African rock pythons in rainy season and 14 snakes from the same population in dry season. There was no significant statistical difference (P < .05) between males and females to any of the parameters measured except total calcium in the rainy season. Significantly higher values were obtained (P < .05) for the white blood cells (WBC), heterophils, lymphocytes, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the dry versus the rainy seasons while there were significantly lower values obtained for red blood cells (RBC), glucose and total protein. Statistically significant differences in lymphocyte and monocyte counts were however found between adult and juvenile snakes. Differences in parameters for hepatozoon positive and hepatozoon negative snakes were not statistically significant although parameters like the total WBC count, heterophils and lymphocytes were markedly higher for hepatozoon positive snakes while packed cell volume (PCV) was slightly lower. This is the first study on blood parameters of the African rock python and serves as first pilot values for clinical assessments and future studies of this species.

European Journal of Medicinal Plants, 2019

Aims: Oxidative stress sequel to hypertension exacerbates the clinical condition and accelerates ... more Aims: Oxidative stress sequel to hypertension exacerbates the clinical condition and accelerates associated organopathies, therefore prevention is important. Traditionally in Nigeria, hypertension is treated with Annona muricata L. leaves or Curcuma longa L. rhizomes, two medicinal plants with antioxidant properties. Study Design: This study assessed the effect of these plants on hypertension-induced oxidative stress in uninephrectomized Wistar rats daily loaded with 1% sodium chloride. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology Experimental Animal House, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, between August and November 2017. Methodology: Hypertensive rats were treated with methanol extracts of the plants for 42days. Two other groups of hypertensive rats were treated with lisinopril or chlorothiazide. Blood pressure was monitored by non-invasive tail plethysmography using an electro-sphygmomanometer. Oxidative stress markers were determined in blood ...

Journal of Medicinal Plants for Economic Development, 2019

Background: Myocardial infarction has been regarded as one of the fastest killer diseases of mode... more Background: Myocardial infarction has been regarded as one of the fastest killer diseases of modern-day man.Aim: The protective effect of Andrographis paniculata on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction in rats was investigated.Setting: The study was carried out in a laboratory setting.Methods: Animals were randomly divided into six groups of seven animals per group, and the treatment was as follows: normal control received normal saline for 9 days, isoproterenol group; three extract-treated groups in pre-treatment phase and an extract-treated group in post-treatment phase. The doses were given at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight for pre-treatment phase respectively while 200 mg/kg dose was given to the post-treatment phase group. Blood and heart tissues were collected for biochemical assays, haematological and histological analyses.Results: Myocardial infarction was recorded in ISO group but was corrected by the extracts in both pre-treatment and post-treatment phases...

Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 2018

BackgroundCisplatin (CP) is a novel drug of choice in the treatment of cancer but its major limit... more BackgroundCisplatin (CP) is a novel drug of choice in the treatment of cancer but its major limitation is nephrotoxicity, which is dose limiting.Andrographis paniculata(AP) is a common Indian dietary component. It is well known for its medicinal properties. This present study investigated the nephroprotective effect of ethanol leaf extract ofAndrographis paniculata(EEAP) on CP-induced nephrotoxicity.MethodsCP was used to induce nephrotoxicity in male Wistar rats to study the effect of EEAP on renal damages using hematological parameters, biochemical parameters, histology, and immunohistochemistry studies.ResultsThe effects of EEAP were determined by CP-induced changes in different kidney tissue on antioxidant enzymes, markers of oxidative stress, serum creatinine, and urine parameters. Administration of EEAP (200 mL/kg and 400 mg/kg orally), prior to and following a single dose CP treatment (10 mg/kg i.p), significantly mitigated the CP-induced decrease in antioxidant enzymes, and i...

Scientific Reports, 2018

Myocardial infarction (MI) is the most prevalent cause of cardiovascular death. A possible way of... more Myocardial infarction (MI) is the most prevalent cause of cardiovascular death. A possible way of preventing MI maybe by dietary supplements. The present study was thus designed to ascertain the cardio-protective effect of a formulated curcumin and nisin based poly lactic acid nanoparticle (CurNisNp) on isoproterenol (ISO) induced MI in guinea pigs. Animals were pretreated for 7 days as follows; Groups A and B animals were given 0.5 mL/kg of normal saline, group C metoprolol (2 mg/kg), groups D and E CurNisNp 10 and 21 mg/kg respectively (n = 5). MI was induced on the 7 th day in groups BE animals. On the 9 th day electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded, blood samples and tissue biopsies were collected for analyses. Toxicity studies on CurNisNp were carried out. MI induction caused atrial fibrillation which was prevented by pretreatment of metoprolol or CurNisNp. MI induction was also associated with increased expressions of cardiac troponin I (CTnI) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) which were significantly reduced in guinea pig's pretreated with metoprolol or CurNisNp (P < 0.05). The LC 50 of CurNisNp was 3258.2 μg/mL. This study demonstrated that the formulated curcumin-nisin based nanoparticle confers a significant level of cardio-protection in the guinea pig and is nontoxic. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of disability and premature death globally. About 17.7 million people died as a result of CVD in 2015; contributing about 31% of all global death 1. The world health organization (WHO) reported that of these deaths, about 7.4 million were due to coronary heart disease and 6.7 million were due to stroke 1. Myocardial infarction (MI), more commonly known as heart attack is the most prevalent form of cardiovascular death in most countries of the world. MI occurs when one or more of the coronary arteries supplying blood to the heart are occluded, consequently depriving a section of the heart of oxygenated blood and nutrients, inevitably leading to necrosis of the myocardium 2. MI is thus the progression to myocardial necrosis due to the critical imbalance between supply and demand of oxygen to the heart 3. Catecholamine such as adrenaline and noradrenaline are capable of causing myocardial necrosis and increasing the progression of myocardial cell damage 4,5. Many of the risk factors for MI are modifiable and thus in many cases may be preventable. A possible way of preventing MI maybe by dietary supplements. Nutraceuticals is a term used for food derived isolates that have health benefits beside their actual function of providing nutrition. They are currently being employed in the prevention and treatment of diseases 6. Examples of nutraceuticals include phytochemicals which are present in fruits and vegetables with potential health and physiological benefits particularly herbal polyphenol such as curcumin, beta-carotene, resveratrol and so on. Adverse side effects is a growing challenge in the use of therapeutic drugs. Over the years experimental studies

Turkiye parazitolojii dergisi, 2018

Understanding the processes that drive parasite diversification, distribution, and abundance is c... more Understanding the processes that drive parasite diversification, distribution, and abundance is central to disentangle the dynamics and evolution of diseases. In this study, we screened African rock pythons from Nigeria for the presence of blood parasites to assess their distribution, diversity, and phylogenetic relationships. A total of 21 captive African rock pythons collected from across 11 locations in Nigeria were sampled between August 2016 and January 2017. Samples were microscopically and genetically analyzed. From the blood smears analyzed, 10 (47.6%) snakes were found to be infected with haemogregarines. Eight of the infected samples were genetically assessed and confirmed as haemogregarines of the recently described Bartazoon group. Two haplotypes were retrieved, of which one was distributed in the northern-central sampled localities and the other in the southern localities. The two haplotypes were clustered in a clade of haemogregarines from snake, gecko, and rodent host...

$Research paper thumbnail of Polyphenol-rich fraction of Parquetina nigrescens mitigates dichlorvos-induced neurotoxicity and apoptosis$

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, 2017

Background: Parquetina nigrescens (Afzel.) Bullock of the family Asclepiadaceae is known for its ... more Background: Parquetina nigrescens (Afzel.) Bullock of the family Asclepiadaceae is known for its antioxidant effects with wide range of uses in Southwestern Nigeria especially in traditional medicine. This study was undertaken to explore if polyphenol-rich fraction (prf) from P. nigrescens will ameliorate dichlorvos-induced neurotoxicity and apoptosis. The exploration utilized evaluation of markers of oxidative stress, apoptosis and serum acetylcholinesterase (AchE) levels. Methods: Forty Wistar rats randomly placed in four groups were utilized for the study. Animals in Group A received corn oil, group B-dichlorvos (16 mg/kg), groups C and D-dichlorvos þ 100 and 200 mg/kg prf of P. nigrescens respectively. Markers of oxidative stress, antioxidants and apoptosis were assessed in the serum and brain tissues using biochemical assay and immunohistochemistry. Results: Exposure to dichlorvos caused significant decreases in AchE, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and increases in hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) generation and malondialdehyde levels. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry of the cerebellum and cerebrum of rats exposed to dichlorvos revealed greater neurotoxic effects in the cerebellum as well as decreased expressions of AchE with a concomitant increase in Bax (proapototic) compared to prf of P. nigrescens treated rats. Conclusion: This study showed that dichlorvos caused cellular and tissue neurotoxicity by inhibiting AchE activity, induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in rats with prominent effects on the cerebellum than cerebrum. The prf of P. nigrescens showed amelioration of neurotoxicity by its antioxidative and antiapoptotic properties in rats exposed to dichlorvos.

International Journal of Morphology, 2008

The ethanolic extract of Garcinia kola was administered to dogs to investigate the possible effec... more The ethanolic extract of Garcinia kola was administered to dogs to investigate the possible effects on selected organs of the dog. Two doses of the extract (500mg/Kg and 1000mg/Kg) were daily administered to the test animals for a period of 6 weeks. A dose related response was observed in the severity of histopathological changes observed in the testes, liver, kidney and small intestine of animals in the test groups. Despite the reported potentially beneficial effects of Garcinia kola, its use as a medicinal plant should be with great caution.

Macedonian Veterinary Review, 2016

All over the world, cardiovascular diseases are a risk factor for poor health and early death wit... more All over the world, cardiovascular diseases are a risk factor for poor health and early death with predisposing factors to include age, gender, tobacco use, physical inactivity, excessive alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet, obesity, family history of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, psychosocial factors, poverty and low educational status, and air pollution. It is envisaged that herbal products that can stem this trend would be of great benefit.

Italian journal of anatomy and embryology, 2013

This report describes a case of polydactyly in the hind-limb of a West African Dwarf goat kid in ... more This report describes a case of polydactyly in the hind-limb of a West African Dwarf goat kid in South West Africa. Physical examination revealed the presence of four digits in each of the hind limbs. Radiological examination and macerated bones of the animal showed a bifid shape of each metatarsal that was more prominent from the distal half of the diaphysis. This resulted in the presence of four articulating surfaces per limb at the distal extremity. Though this condition is rare in goats, we advise that continuous reporting by researchers can give a better prevalence statistics of these occurrences.

A four year old male African lion resident at the zoological garden of the University of Ibadan w... more A four year old male African lion resident at the zoological garden of the University of Ibadan was discovered to have injured its tail at the region of the fifth caudal vertebra. A caudal vertebral fracture was diagnosed on clinical examination and in addition to severe laceration of the tail, the animal was in severe pain. A decision to amputate the tail at the level of the fifth caudal vertebrae was taken. This article describes surgical amputation of the tail at the level of fifth caudal vertebra. To the best knowledge of the authors this is the first report of a tail amputation in a captive African lion.

Journal of Coastal Life Medicine, 2015