Tayyaba Ashraf - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Tayyaba Ashraf
Pakistan Social Sciences Review
The purpose of the research study was to find out the presence Social Responsibility skills (as a... more The purpose of the research study was to find out the presence Social Responsibility skills (as an important area of life skills in the Secondary level curriculum. Data was collected through content analysis of curriculum, National Education Policy, and through opinion of curriculum experts, with the help of checklist which was contained of different components of Social Responsibility skills. Chi-Square test was further conducted to compare the three types of data. Results that there is significant difference in three types of data sources regarding Social Responsibility skills(x 2 = 155.12, df= 2, P<001), which indicates that social responsibility skills are not present in Secondary level curricula as suggested by National Education Policy. Opinion of curriculum experts supports the findings of content analysis of curriculum.
Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association
Madam, Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19), a pandemic, has been a global concern and it is a highly ... more Madam, Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19), a pandemic, has been a global concern and it is a highly contagious respiratory illness that has been fatal to around 6 million lives. Although everyone is prone to get infected by COVID-19, the fact that is often overlooked is that newborns, infants and toddlers are as likely to get COVID-19 as adults. Babies younger than one year old might have a higher chance to get COVID-19 than older children. (1) According to a case report by Alzamora et al. mother infected with COVID-19 can also, in sporadic cases, pass the disease to her baby. (2) Infants are also at risk of getting infected shortly after birth, reason being exposure to sick caregivers. Most newborn, infants and toddlers who fall prey to COVID-19 have mild or no symptoms engendering many new cases, but serious cases have also occurred leading to hospitalization. Hospitalization is associated more with the omicron variant than the delta variant. According to Morbidity and Mortality...
Annals of Medicine & Surgery
Journal of Womens Health, Issues and Care, 2020
The purpose of the study is to investigate the mediating role of Agency Factors on the relationsh... more The purpose of the study is to investigate the mediating role of Agency Factors on the relationship of Dividend Policy with Firm Characteristics. Agency factors used in this study are Institutional Ownership which represents the pattern of shareholding exercised by different firms while another factor is Free Cash Flows which are the corporation's cash that can be distributed to creditors or stockholders. Firm Characteristics under study are Enterprise Value, Earning Per Share, Stock Return and Volatility. This study is conducted to examine the impact of Dividend Policy on Firm Characteristics under mediation of Institutional Ownership or Free Cash Flows of all PSX listed firms from Pakistan. For this purpose, 130 firms listed at Pakistan Stock Exchange have been selected for the period from 2008 to 2018 due to availability of data. The data is obtained from the firm's annual financial statements and financial statements analysis published by the statistics department of State bank of Pakistan. The panel data (random effect) models have been used to investigate the mediating role of two different Agency Factors on relationship of Dividend Policy with Firm Characteristics. Dividend payout is used as independent variables to quantify the Dividend Policy of the firms. The results of the analysis showed that Free Cash Flows has no mediation on the relationship of Dividend Policy and all Firm Characteristics mentioned in this study. Institutional Ownership show no mediation in relation to Dividend Policy with Earning Per Share and Stock Return, but analysis proposed that Institutional Ownership show mediation on the relationship of Dividend Policy and Enterprise Value as well as Stock Volatility.
Introduction: Alveolar osteitis (AO) is a poorly understood form of post-operative pain located i... more Introduction: Alveolar osteitis (AO) is a poorly understood form of post-operative pain located in or around the area of extracted tooth, which occurs due to a partial or total loss of a blood clot, between the first and third postoperative days. Aims and objectives: The main objective of the study is to analyze the efficacy of single dose chlorhexidine gel application in molars extraction. Material and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Punjab Dental Hospital, Lahore during 2018 with the permission of ethical committee of hospital. The data was collected from 100 patients of both genders. Patients aged between 18-65 years visiting the outpatient department for dental extraction of 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd molar teeth in maxilla or mandible were included in this study. The sample was randomized using block randomization into experimental (CHX) and control groups. Results: The data were collected from 100 patients of both genders. The mean age of the patients was 36.65 years SD ±11yrs. 1 st molars were the most common teeth to be extracted with combine incidence of left and right side teeth making 37% of the total teeth extracted. No cases of hypersensitivity to intra-socket placement of CHX gel were reported in this study. Chi square test was applied at 0.05 level of significance of surgical flap with the incidence of alveolar osteitis. The group in which envelope flap with releasing incision was performed had highest incidence of alveolar osteitis (67.74%). Conclusion: It is concluded that CHX gel application in the extraction socket of mandibular 3 rd molar has reduced the incidence of AO.
Incremental growth in the use of web based services and systems have led to generation of such tr... more Incremental growth in the use of web based services and systems have led to generation of such tremendous amounts of data which is beyond imagining. This data plays a vital role in determining the factors like user’s interests, priorities and product or services usage trends. This knowledge enables organizations to evaluate the effectiveness of their strategies and quality of services/products provided and leads them for further refinement. Solicitation of data mining approaches to process huge volume of data available on net is termed as web mining. Web usage is a further phase in web mining which discovers data about the use of internet. This paper aims at providing a review of phases and techniques involved in web usage mining.
Alternative Medicine [Working Title], 2020
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is multi-organ syndrome that affects 6–25% of females during r... more Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is multi-organ syndrome that affects 6–25% of females during reproductive age. It disrupts normal hormone levels of females and affects adrenal hormone and sex hormones along with pituitary hormones including adrenocorticotropic, growth hormone and gonadotropins hormones. It results in several secondary characteristics in females such as infertility, hormonal imbalance, oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea, obesity and hirsutism. Polycystic ovarian syndrome is associated with mental and reproductive disorder and almost 4–18% mature female students are affected by polycystic ovarian syndrome. Female affected by polycystic ovarian syndrome have increased risk of infertility, ovarian cancer, skin problems and psychological problems such as anxiety, depression and changes in sleep along with mood swings. This chapter discusses the Prevalence, Symptomatology and Management of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. For the management of PCOS, the role of some medicinal plan...
The Journal of Educational Paradigms, 2019
Under the bilateral approach of the impact of dividend pay-outs with the mediating role of Agency... more Under the bilateral approach of the impact of dividend pay-outs with the mediating role of Agency variables, this paper tries to examine its effects on enterprise value, earning per share, stock performance (including Stock Return & Volatility). The mediation test performed by inspecting direct and indirect relationships of dividend pay-out, firm characteristics, and agency factors on a sample size of 130 Pakistani listed firms over eleven years. Results of a study expose the agency factors (such as free cashflows and total institutional ownership structure) role; free cash flow does not mediate the relationship of dividend pay-outs with earning per share and stock volatility separately. Total institutional ownership structure mediates dividend pay-out relation with enterprise value and stock return & volatility. These mixed results contribute to the current literature of finance, specifically in the Pakistani context being an emerging economy.
Pakistan Social Sciences Review
The purpose of the research study was to find out the presence Social Responsibility skills (as a... more The purpose of the research study was to find out the presence Social Responsibility skills (as an important area of life skills in the Secondary level curriculum. Data was collected through content analysis of curriculum, National Education Policy, and through opinion of curriculum experts, with the help of checklist which was contained of different components of Social Responsibility skills. Chi-Square test was further conducted to compare the three types of data. Results that there is significant difference in three types of data sources regarding Social Responsibility skills(x 2 = 155.12, df= 2, P<001), which indicates that social responsibility skills are not present in Secondary level curricula as suggested by National Education Policy. Opinion of curriculum experts supports the findings of content analysis of curriculum.
Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association
Madam, Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19), a pandemic, has been a global concern and it is a highly ... more Madam, Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19), a pandemic, has been a global concern and it is a highly contagious respiratory illness that has been fatal to around 6 million lives. Although everyone is prone to get infected by COVID-19, the fact that is often overlooked is that newborns, infants and toddlers are as likely to get COVID-19 as adults. Babies younger than one year old might have a higher chance to get COVID-19 than older children. (1) According to a case report by Alzamora et al. mother infected with COVID-19 can also, in sporadic cases, pass the disease to her baby. (2) Infants are also at risk of getting infected shortly after birth, reason being exposure to sick caregivers. Most newborn, infants and toddlers who fall prey to COVID-19 have mild or no symptoms engendering many new cases, but serious cases have also occurred leading to hospitalization. Hospitalization is associated more with the omicron variant than the delta variant. According to Morbidity and Mortality...
Annals of Medicine & Surgery
Journal of Womens Health, Issues and Care, 2020
The purpose of the study is to investigate the mediating role of Agency Factors on the relationsh... more The purpose of the study is to investigate the mediating role of Agency Factors on the relationship of Dividend Policy with Firm Characteristics. Agency factors used in this study are Institutional Ownership which represents the pattern of shareholding exercised by different firms while another factor is Free Cash Flows which are the corporation's cash that can be distributed to creditors or stockholders. Firm Characteristics under study are Enterprise Value, Earning Per Share, Stock Return and Volatility. This study is conducted to examine the impact of Dividend Policy on Firm Characteristics under mediation of Institutional Ownership or Free Cash Flows of all PSX listed firms from Pakistan. For this purpose, 130 firms listed at Pakistan Stock Exchange have been selected for the period from 2008 to 2018 due to availability of data. The data is obtained from the firm's annual financial statements and financial statements analysis published by the statistics department of State bank of Pakistan. The panel data (random effect) models have been used to investigate the mediating role of two different Agency Factors on relationship of Dividend Policy with Firm Characteristics. Dividend payout is used as independent variables to quantify the Dividend Policy of the firms. The results of the analysis showed that Free Cash Flows has no mediation on the relationship of Dividend Policy and all Firm Characteristics mentioned in this study. Institutional Ownership show no mediation in relation to Dividend Policy with Earning Per Share and Stock Return, but analysis proposed that Institutional Ownership show mediation on the relationship of Dividend Policy and Enterprise Value as well as Stock Volatility.
Introduction: Alveolar osteitis (AO) is a poorly understood form of post-operative pain located i... more Introduction: Alveolar osteitis (AO) is a poorly understood form of post-operative pain located in or around the area of extracted tooth, which occurs due to a partial or total loss of a blood clot, between the first and third postoperative days. Aims and objectives: The main objective of the study is to analyze the efficacy of single dose chlorhexidine gel application in molars extraction. Material and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Punjab Dental Hospital, Lahore during 2018 with the permission of ethical committee of hospital. The data was collected from 100 patients of both genders. Patients aged between 18-65 years visiting the outpatient department for dental extraction of 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd molar teeth in maxilla or mandible were included in this study. The sample was randomized using block randomization into experimental (CHX) and control groups. Results: The data were collected from 100 patients of both genders. The mean age of the patients was 36.65 years SD ±11yrs. 1 st molars were the most common teeth to be extracted with combine incidence of left and right side teeth making 37% of the total teeth extracted. No cases of hypersensitivity to intra-socket placement of CHX gel were reported in this study. Chi square test was applied at 0.05 level of significance of surgical flap with the incidence of alveolar osteitis. The group in which envelope flap with releasing incision was performed had highest incidence of alveolar osteitis (67.74%). Conclusion: It is concluded that CHX gel application in the extraction socket of mandibular 3 rd molar has reduced the incidence of AO.
Incremental growth in the use of web based services and systems have led to generation of such tr... more Incremental growth in the use of web based services and systems have led to generation of such tremendous amounts of data which is beyond imagining. This data plays a vital role in determining the factors like user’s interests, priorities and product or services usage trends. This knowledge enables organizations to evaluate the effectiveness of their strategies and quality of services/products provided and leads them for further refinement. Solicitation of data mining approaches to process huge volume of data available on net is termed as web mining. Web usage is a further phase in web mining which discovers data about the use of internet. This paper aims at providing a review of phases and techniques involved in web usage mining.
Alternative Medicine [Working Title], 2020
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is multi-organ syndrome that affects 6–25% of females during r... more Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is multi-organ syndrome that affects 6–25% of females during reproductive age. It disrupts normal hormone levels of females and affects adrenal hormone and sex hormones along with pituitary hormones including adrenocorticotropic, growth hormone and gonadotropins hormones. It results in several secondary characteristics in females such as infertility, hormonal imbalance, oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea, obesity and hirsutism. Polycystic ovarian syndrome is associated with mental and reproductive disorder and almost 4–18% mature female students are affected by polycystic ovarian syndrome. Female affected by polycystic ovarian syndrome have increased risk of infertility, ovarian cancer, skin problems and psychological problems such as anxiety, depression and changes in sleep along with mood swings. This chapter discusses the Prevalence, Symptomatology and Management of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. For the management of PCOS, the role of some medicinal plan...
The Journal of Educational Paradigms, 2019
Under the bilateral approach of the impact of dividend pay-outs with the mediating role of Agency... more Under the bilateral approach of the impact of dividend pay-outs with the mediating role of Agency variables, this paper tries to examine its effects on enterprise value, earning per share, stock performance (including Stock Return & Volatility). The mediation test performed by inspecting direct and indirect relationships of dividend pay-out, firm characteristics, and agency factors on a sample size of 130 Pakistani listed firms over eleven years. Results of a study expose the agency factors (such as free cashflows and total institutional ownership structure) role; free cash flow does not mediate the relationship of dividend pay-outs with earning per share and stock volatility separately. Total institutional ownership structure mediates dividend pay-out relation with enterprise value and stock return & volatility. These mixed results contribute to the current literature of finance, specifically in the Pakistani context being an emerging economy.