Tegenaw Tiruneh - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Tegenaw Tiruneh

Scientific Reports

Low birth weight is an indicator of maternal-related multifactorial problems such as malnutrition... more Low birth weight is an indicator of maternal-related multifactorial problems such as malnutrition, illness, and work overload. As a result, low birth weight is associated with maternal anaemia, and both of them were significant public health issues in developing nations. Low birth weight and anaemia are caused by insufficient nutrient intake, which is especially severe during pregnancy. So, this study aimed to assess the effect of maternal anaemia during the late trimester on low birth weight among newborns in Northwest Ethiopia. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select 211 participants for the primary data collection. Face-to-face interviews were used to collect data, while blood samples were collected using standard operating procedures. For further analysis, the data file was imported into Stata version 16 (MP) software. The binary logistic regression model was used to investigate significant factors related to low birth weight. Finally, the statistical significa...

PLoS ONE, 2022

Background Visceral leishmaniasis is the most severe form of leishmaniasis which ranks second in ... more Background Visceral leishmaniasis is the most severe form of leishmaniasis which ranks second in mortality and fourth in morbidity. Parasitological diagnostic techniques with splenic aspirate remain the gold standard. However, sample collection is risky, painful, and difficult. Alternatively, serological techniques provide good diagnostic accuracy using serum sample that is difficult for applying on small children and in the field. So, finding alternative non-invasive and self-collected samples like urine is very important. Thus, the study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the rK-39 strip test using urine for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. Methods A multicenter institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2019 to March 2021 at Northwest Ethiopia. Sociodemographic information was collected using a structured questionnaire. Blood sample and midstream urine sample were collected for rK-39 test. Data were entered into Epi-data version 4.2 and...

IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI), 2020

Currently, information technology is used in all the life domains, multiple devices produce data ... more Currently, information technology is used in all the life domains, multiple devices produce data and transfer them across the network, these transfers are not always secured, they can contain new menaces invisible by the current security devices. Moreover, the large amount and variety of the exchanged data cause difficulties related to the detection time. To solve these issues, we suggest in this paper, a new approach based on storing the large amount and variety of network traffic data employing Big Data techniques, and analyzing these data with Machine Learning algorithms, in a distributed and parallel way, in order to detect new hidden intrusions with less processing time. According to the results of the experiments, the detection accuracy of the Machine Learning methods reaches 99.9 %, and their processing time has been reduced considerably by applying them in a parallel and distributed way, which proves that our proposed model is effective for the detection of new intrusions.

PLOS ONE

Background Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) are one of the most common infections affecting under... more Background Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) are one of the most common infections affecting underprivileged populations in low- and middle-income countries. Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and hookworm are the three main species that infect people. School children are the most vulnerable groups for STH infections due to their practice of walking and playing barefoot, poor personal hygiene, and environmental sanitation. However, evidence is limited in the study area. So, this study aimed to assess the current prevalence, infection intensity, and associated risk factors of STHs among school children in Tachgayint woreda, Northcentral Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among school children of Tachgayint woreda from February to May 2021. The study participants were chosen via systematic random sampling. Stool samples were collected from 325 children and examined using the Kato-Katz technique. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 23. Binary and multiv...

Background: Hematological reference intervals are used for medical decision tools for interpretat... more Background: Hematological reference intervals are used for medical decision tools for interpretation of numerical test results. Establishing of hematological interval among newborn babies is very important for the diagnosis of malignancy, anemia, bleeding disorders, and various infections. There is no locally established hematological reference intervals in Ethiopia. Thus the aim of this study is to established locally determined hematological reference interval among full-term newborn babies.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from February to May 2019 among 151 apparently healthy full-term newborn babies at Gondar University Hospital. About 3ml of cord blood was obtained for analysis of Hematological parameters and determined by using Sysmex KX-21N (Sysmex Corporation Kobe, Japan) automated analyzer. Median, 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles were computed. Result: Males to female’s ratio was almost equal. All hematological parameter had no statistically significant differenc...

Oncology and Therapy, 2020

Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms are a lifethreatening and often fatal complication, associated ... more Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms are a lifethreatening and often fatal complication, associated with poor prognosis outcomes and with high-risk unfavorable cytogenetic abnormalities including complex karyotype. They occur after the treatment of primary malignancies using chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. Such therapy is not specific to cancer cells, and also damages the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of normal cells, resulting in unbalanced and balanced translocations. There are eight genetic pathways, whose details are summarized in this review, depending on the cytogenetic abnormalities induced. This abnormality is the major contributor to the development of therapy-related myeloid neoplasms. The etiology of these neoplasms depends on the complex interaction between the nature and dose of the cytotoxic agent, the environment, and the presence of subsequent inherited mutations. This review aims to elaborate upon recent knowledge regarding the etiology, pathogenesis, and genetic pathways of therapy-related myeloid neoplasms. A deeper understanding of their etiology would aid physicians in more careful monitoring of patients during or after cytotoxic therapy for hematological malignancy. Ultimately, this knowledge could influence initial treatment strategies, with the aim of reducing both the incidence and serious complications of neoplasms. Therefore, early detection of DNA lesions is vital. The authors recommend that primary malignancy be treated with targeted therapy.

Background: Hematological reference intervals are used for medical decision tools for interpretat... more Background: Hematological reference intervals are used for medical decision tools for interpretation of numerical test results. Establishing of hematological interval among newborn babies is very important for the diagnosis of malignancy, anemia, bleeding disorders, and various infections. There is no locally established hematological reference intervals in Ethiopia. Thus, the aim of this study is to established locally determined hematological reference interval among full-term newborns.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from February to May 2019 among 151 apparently healthy full-term newborns at Gondar University Hospital. About 3ml of cord blood was obtained for analysis of Hematological parameters and determined by using Sysmex KX-21N (Sysmex Corporation Kobe, Japan) automated analyzer. Median, 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles were computed.Result: Males to female’s ratio was almost equal. All hematological parameter had no statistically significant difference between ma...

HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.), 2021

Background Hematological abnormalities have been associated with an increased risk of disease pro... more Background Hematological abnormalities have been associated with an increased risk of disease progression and death in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The use of antiretroviral medications can have a positive or negative effect on the hematological disorder. However, little is known about its impact on hematological parameters in antiretroviral-treated patients in Ethiopia, especially in the study area. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from September to November 2020. A total of 334 HIV-infected patients taking highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) at least for 6 months were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the study subjects were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Hematological and immunological parameters were determined using Sysmex kx-21 hematology analyzer and BD FACS count CD4 analyzer, respectively. St...

Journal of Blood Medicine, 2021

Background Among the blood group antigens identified, ABO and Rhesus are the most important in tr... more Background Among the blood group antigens identified, ABO and Rhesus are the most important in transfusion medicine. ABO blood group antigens are the most immunogenic followed by Rhesus (D antigen). These blood groups’ frequency distribution varies among different regions and races of the world. This study aimed to identifying the frequency distribution of ABO blood group and rhesus factors among blood donors in Ethiopia. Methods and Materials Aretrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from September 12/2019 to March 18/2021 at Bahir Dar blood bank service. After getting a permission letter from the blood bank, data were collected from the blood bank donor data registration system, and descriptive statistical results were presented in number (frequency) and percentage. A Chi-square test was used to show the difference in the frequency distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups among sex and blood donation site. Results From 40,053 blood donors, 67.7% were males and younger dono...

Global Pediatric Health, 2021

Background. Intestinal parasites are still a serious public health problem and important cause of... more Background. Intestinal parasites are still a serious public health problem and important cause of morbidity and mortality all over the world, particularly in developing countries. Unfortunately, pre-school children are more susceptible to infection. However, information is scarce in the study area. Thus, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis and associated factors among children aged 6 to 59 months in Northcentral Ethiopia. Methods. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was carried out at Mekane Eyesus primary hospital from June 10 to November 30, 2020. Stool samples were collected from 322 children and examined by using direct wet mount and formal ether concentration techniques. The data were entered and analyzed using EPI Info v7 and SPSS v23 statistical software, respectively. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic analysis was carried out and potential associated factors were identified based on adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence int...

Journal of Blood Medicine, 2021

COVID-19 disease has led to an extraordinary inclusive health crisis globally. Elevation of D-dim... more COVID-19 disease has led to an extraordinary inclusive health crisis globally. Elevation of D-dimer is the major remarkable abnormal coagulation test in seriously ill COVID-19 patients. In nearly 50% of COVID-19 patients, the value of D-dimer was significantly enhancing. Recent literature indicated that COVID-19 patients were at higher risk of developing disseminated intravascular coagulation. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines are some of the factors leading to these conditions. The majority of COVID-19 patients showed a higher profile of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in severe clinical conditions. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukins (ILs) elevated in COVID-19 infected patients. TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1 are major cytokines vital for the inhibition of intrinsic anticoagulant pathways. COVID-19 becomes a higher complication with a significant effect on blood cell production and hemostasis cascades. Deep vein thrombosis and arterial thrombosis are common c...

Clinical laboratory, 2020

Multiple myeloma is a tumour of antibody-secreting plasma cells characterized by clonal expansion... more Multiple myeloma is a tumour of antibody-secreting plasma cells characterized by clonal expansion and accumulation of monotypic plasma cells in the bone marrow. It is an incurable malignant neoplasm accounting for 10% all hematological malignancies. Globally, the annual percentage of new cancer cases and deaths attributed to multiple myeloma is estimated at about 0.8% and 1%, respectively. Furthermore, its global incidence ranges from 0.5 - 12/100,000 population. It causes hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency, anemia, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, bone lesions, bone fractures, spinal stenosis, and endorgan damages. This neoplasm occurs due to a complex cytogenetic and chromosomal aberrations. These aberrations affect the expression and functions of microRNAs. Abnormal expression of these microRNAs plays an important role in the pathogenesis and angiogenesis of multiple myeloma and could have a potential role in the diagnosis, prognostic stratification, and treatment of multiple myelom...

PLoS ONE, 2021

Background Intestinal Parasitic Infections are the most prevalent diseases in the world, predomin... more Background Intestinal Parasitic Infections are the most prevalent diseases in the world, predominantly in developing countries. It is estimated that more than two billion people are affected globally, mostly in tropical and sub-tropical parts of the world. Ethiopia is one of the countries in Africa with a high prevalence of intestinal parasites. However, there is a limited study conducted in the study area. Hence, this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of intestinal parasitosis among patients attending at Sanja Primary Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Sanja Primary Hospital from January 1 to August 20, 2019. Stool samples were collected from 1240 study participants and analyzed by direct wet mount and formal ether concentration techniques. Furthermore, sociodemographic and explanatory variables were collected using a face-to-face interview. Data were entered into Epi data version 4.4.2.1 and t...

COVID-19 has still been spreading globally since its discovery. The disease has been recognized a... more COVID-19 has still been spreading globally since its discovery. The disease has been recognized as the public health emergency of international concern. An appropriate laboratory testing as part of the critical role of laboratory medicine is providing a tremendous contribution in diagnosing and managing of medically important viral human pathogens notably SARS-CoV-2. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in the 21st century is posing serious health and socioeconomic threats worldwide. This clearly indicates a paradigm shift to global collaborative efforts especially for the development of novel antiviral drugs and vaccines to save lives globally. The current statistical data of the virus is indicating that the level of response against the virus is significantly low. This elucidates that the role of laboratory medicine to combat against the novel virus is very limited especially at developing countries like Ethiopia mainly due to the scarcity of the resources and manpower. Hence, assay select...

Background Hospital-acquired infections have remained a serious cause of mortality, morbidity, an... more Background Hospital-acquired infections have remained a serious cause of mortality, morbidity, and extended hospitalization. Bacterial contamination of inanimate surfaces of the hospital environment and equipment is considered a major contributing factor to the development of several nosocomial infections worldwide. The hospital environment and many devices are an important reservoir of many clinically important bacterial agents including multidrug-resistant pathogens. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis are aimed at investigating bacterial pathogens and their antimicrobial resistance patterns of inanimate surfaces and equipment in Ethiopia. Methods An exhaustive literature search was carried out using the major electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Wiley online library to identify potentially relevant studies without date restriction. Original articles which address the research ...

Background This study is aimed to assess the incidence of advanced opportunistic infections (OIs)... more Background This study is aimed to assess the incidence of advanced opportunistic infections (OIs) and its predictors among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected children at Debre Tabor referral Hospital and University of Gondar Compressive specialized Hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020. Methods A retrospective follow-up study was conducted from June 1, 2010, to May 30, 2020. A total of 349 children under the age of 15 who had received Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) were included in the study. Data were entered into Epi info version 7.2 and then exported to Stata 14.0 for analysis. Kaplan Meier curve and Log-rank test were used to determine the median survival time and the discrepancy of different categorical variables. The Cox regression model was used to identify the predictors of advanced opportunistic infections. The Adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) at 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to declare statistical significance. Result The incidence rate of advanced opportunistic i...

INTRODUCTION: Intestinal parasitic infections are global public health problems. It causes clinic... more INTRODUCTION: Intestinal parasitic infections are global public health problems. It causes clinical morbidity and mortality largely in developing countries. About 25% of the world´s population are chronically infected with intestinal parasites and 1.5 to 2.7 million deaths annually. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of intestinal parasites and associated factors among Dawudo elementary school children. METHODS: a cross-sectional study was conducted in Dawudo elementary school children from March to April 2017 from 236 study participants. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to select study participants. Sociodemographic data and associated factors were collected by face-to-face interview. A stool specimen was collected and examined using both wet mount and formal ether concentration technique. Data analyses were done by using SPSS version 16 software. Binary logistic regression was done to assess the strength of association between dependent and independent va...

HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) has remained as a top global public health concern of the 21st cent... more Background: Tuberculosis (TB) has remained as a top global public health concern of the 21st century. It is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) worldwide. Objective: The study aimed to investigate the magnitude of pulmonary tuberculosis and its associated factors among HIV-positive patients attending antiretroviral treatment (ART) clinic in Debre Tabor specialized hospital, Northwest, Ethiopia. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 362 HIV-positive adult participants attending the ART clinic from October 1st to December 30th 2019. Sociodemographic data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire. Sputum was collected aseptically into a sterile and leak-proof container. Following aseptic techniques, each sample was processed using the GeneXpert assay based on the manufacturer's instructions. Similarly, about 3-5 mL of whole blood was drawn for CD4+ T-cell count and plasma viral load tests following standard blood collection procedures. CD4+ T-cell count was performed using the BD FACS caliber flow cytometry while the plasma viral load was performed by using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Then, collected data were double-checked, cleaned and entered into Epi-Info version 7.2.0.1 and exported to SPSS version 20.0 for further statistical analysis. The bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were conducted to address risk factor analysis. The 95%confidence interval with its corresponding cure and adjusted odds ratio was computed. Finally, p-value ≤0.05 was considered as a statistically significant association. Results: In this study, the overall prevalence of tuberculosis among HIV-positive patients was 18 [(5%), 95% CI: 2.8-7.5]. A high viral load (≥1000 copies/mL) was positively associated [AOR (95% CI: 6.4 (1.6-25.7)), p < 0.001] with developing tuberculosis among HIV-positive patients. Conclusion: The prevalence of TB is low among ART-receiving patients in our study site.

Scientific Reports

Low birth weight is an indicator of maternal-related multifactorial problems such as malnutrition... more Low birth weight is an indicator of maternal-related multifactorial problems such as malnutrition, illness, and work overload. As a result, low birth weight is associated with maternal anaemia, and both of them were significant public health issues in developing nations. Low birth weight and anaemia are caused by insufficient nutrient intake, which is especially severe during pregnancy. So, this study aimed to assess the effect of maternal anaemia during the late trimester on low birth weight among newborns in Northwest Ethiopia. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select 211 participants for the primary data collection. Face-to-face interviews were used to collect data, while blood samples were collected using standard operating procedures. For further analysis, the data file was imported into Stata version 16 (MP) software. The binary logistic regression model was used to investigate significant factors related to low birth weight. Finally, the statistical significa...

PLoS ONE, 2022

Background Visceral leishmaniasis is the most severe form of leishmaniasis which ranks second in ... more Background Visceral leishmaniasis is the most severe form of leishmaniasis which ranks second in mortality and fourth in morbidity. Parasitological diagnostic techniques with splenic aspirate remain the gold standard. However, sample collection is risky, painful, and difficult. Alternatively, serological techniques provide good diagnostic accuracy using serum sample that is difficult for applying on small children and in the field. So, finding alternative non-invasive and self-collected samples like urine is very important. Thus, the study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the rK-39 strip test using urine for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. Methods A multicenter institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2019 to March 2021 at Northwest Ethiopia. Sociodemographic information was collected using a structured questionnaire. Blood sample and midstream urine sample were collected for rK-39 test. Data were entered into Epi-data version 4.2 and...

IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI), 2020

Currently, information technology is used in all the life domains, multiple devices produce data ... more Currently, information technology is used in all the life domains, multiple devices produce data and transfer them across the network, these transfers are not always secured, they can contain new menaces invisible by the current security devices. Moreover, the large amount and variety of the exchanged data cause difficulties related to the detection time. To solve these issues, we suggest in this paper, a new approach based on storing the large amount and variety of network traffic data employing Big Data techniques, and analyzing these data with Machine Learning algorithms, in a distributed and parallel way, in order to detect new hidden intrusions with less processing time. According to the results of the experiments, the detection accuracy of the Machine Learning methods reaches 99.9 %, and their processing time has been reduced considerably by applying them in a parallel and distributed way, which proves that our proposed model is effective for the detection of new intrusions.

PLOS ONE

Background Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) are one of the most common infections affecting under... more Background Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) are one of the most common infections affecting underprivileged populations in low- and middle-income countries. Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and hookworm are the three main species that infect people. School children are the most vulnerable groups for STH infections due to their practice of walking and playing barefoot, poor personal hygiene, and environmental sanitation. However, evidence is limited in the study area. So, this study aimed to assess the current prevalence, infection intensity, and associated risk factors of STHs among school children in Tachgayint woreda, Northcentral Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among school children of Tachgayint woreda from February to May 2021. The study participants were chosen via systematic random sampling. Stool samples were collected from 325 children and examined using the Kato-Katz technique. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 23. Binary and multiv...

Background: Hematological reference intervals are used for medical decision tools for interpretat... more Background: Hematological reference intervals are used for medical decision tools for interpretation of numerical test results. Establishing of hematological interval among newborn babies is very important for the diagnosis of malignancy, anemia, bleeding disorders, and various infections. There is no locally established hematological reference intervals in Ethiopia. Thus the aim of this study is to established locally determined hematological reference interval among full-term newborn babies.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from February to May 2019 among 151 apparently healthy full-term newborn babies at Gondar University Hospital. About 3ml of cord blood was obtained for analysis of Hematological parameters and determined by using Sysmex KX-21N (Sysmex Corporation Kobe, Japan) automated analyzer. Median, 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles were computed. Result: Males to female’s ratio was almost equal. All hematological parameter had no statistically significant differenc...

Oncology and Therapy, 2020

Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms are a lifethreatening and often fatal complication, associated ... more Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms are a lifethreatening and often fatal complication, associated with poor prognosis outcomes and with high-risk unfavorable cytogenetic abnormalities including complex karyotype. They occur after the treatment of primary malignancies using chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. Such therapy is not specific to cancer cells, and also damages the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of normal cells, resulting in unbalanced and balanced translocations. There are eight genetic pathways, whose details are summarized in this review, depending on the cytogenetic abnormalities induced. This abnormality is the major contributor to the development of therapy-related myeloid neoplasms. The etiology of these neoplasms depends on the complex interaction between the nature and dose of the cytotoxic agent, the environment, and the presence of subsequent inherited mutations. This review aims to elaborate upon recent knowledge regarding the etiology, pathogenesis, and genetic pathways of therapy-related myeloid neoplasms. A deeper understanding of their etiology would aid physicians in more careful monitoring of patients during or after cytotoxic therapy for hematological malignancy. Ultimately, this knowledge could influence initial treatment strategies, with the aim of reducing both the incidence and serious complications of neoplasms. Therefore, early detection of DNA lesions is vital. The authors recommend that primary malignancy be treated with targeted therapy.

Background: Hematological reference intervals are used for medical decision tools for interpretat... more Background: Hematological reference intervals are used for medical decision tools for interpretation of numerical test results. Establishing of hematological interval among newborn babies is very important for the diagnosis of malignancy, anemia, bleeding disorders, and various infections. There is no locally established hematological reference intervals in Ethiopia. Thus, the aim of this study is to established locally determined hematological reference interval among full-term newborns.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from February to May 2019 among 151 apparently healthy full-term newborns at Gondar University Hospital. About 3ml of cord blood was obtained for analysis of Hematological parameters and determined by using Sysmex KX-21N (Sysmex Corporation Kobe, Japan) automated analyzer. Median, 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles were computed.Result: Males to female’s ratio was almost equal. All hematological parameter had no statistically significant difference between ma...

HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.), 2021

Background Hematological abnormalities have been associated with an increased risk of disease pro... more Background Hematological abnormalities have been associated with an increased risk of disease progression and death in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The use of antiretroviral medications can have a positive or negative effect on the hematological disorder. However, little is known about its impact on hematological parameters in antiretroviral-treated patients in Ethiopia, especially in the study area. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from September to November 2020. A total of 334 HIV-infected patients taking highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) at least for 6 months were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the study subjects were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Hematological and immunological parameters were determined using Sysmex kx-21 hematology analyzer and BD FACS count CD4 analyzer, respectively. St...

Journal of Blood Medicine, 2021

Background Among the blood group antigens identified, ABO and Rhesus are the most important in tr... more Background Among the blood group antigens identified, ABO and Rhesus are the most important in transfusion medicine. ABO blood group antigens are the most immunogenic followed by Rhesus (D antigen). These blood groups’ frequency distribution varies among different regions and races of the world. This study aimed to identifying the frequency distribution of ABO blood group and rhesus factors among blood donors in Ethiopia. Methods and Materials Aretrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from September 12/2019 to March 18/2021 at Bahir Dar blood bank service. After getting a permission letter from the blood bank, data were collected from the blood bank donor data registration system, and descriptive statistical results were presented in number (frequency) and percentage. A Chi-square test was used to show the difference in the frequency distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups among sex and blood donation site. Results From 40,053 blood donors, 67.7% were males and younger dono...

Global Pediatric Health, 2021

Background. Intestinal parasites are still a serious public health problem and important cause of... more Background. Intestinal parasites are still a serious public health problem and important cause of morbidity and mortality all over the world, particularly in developing countries. Unfortunately, pre-school children are more susceptible to infection. However, information is scarce in the study area. Thus, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis and associated factors among children aged 6 to 59 months in Northcentral Ethiopia. Methods. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was carried out at Mekane Eyesus primary hospital from June 10 to November 30, 2020. Stool samples were collected from 322 children and examined by using direct wet mount and formal ether concentration techniques. The data were entered and analyzed using EPI Info v7 and SPSS v23 statistical software, respectively. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic analysis was carried out and potential associated factors were identified based on adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence int...

Journal of Blood Medicine, 2021

COVID-19 disease has led to an extraordinary inclusive health crisis globally. Elevation of D-dim... more COVID-19 disease has led to an extraordinary inclusive health crisis globally. Elevation of D-dimer is the major remarkable abnormal coagulation test in seriously ill COVID-19 patients. In nearly 50% of COVID-19 patients, the value of D-dimer was significantly enhancing. Recent literature indicated that COVID-19 patients were at higher risk of developing disseminated intravascular coagulation. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines are some of the factors leading to these conditions. The majority of COVID-19 patients showed a higher profile of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in severe clinical conditions. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukins (ILs) elevated in COVID-19 infected patients. TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1 are major cytokines vital for the inhibition of intrinsic anticoagulant pathways. COVID-19 becomes a higher complication with a significant effect on blood cell production and hemostasis cascades. Deep vein thrombosis and arterial thrombosis are common c...

Clinical laboratory, 2020

Multiple myeloma is a tumour of antibody-secreting plasma cells characterized by clonal expansion... more Multiple myeloma is a tumour of antibody-secreting plasma cells characterized by clonal expansion and accumulation of monotypic plasma cells in the bone marrow. It is an incurable malignant neoplasm accounting for 10% all hematological malignancies. Globally, the annual percentage of new cancer cases and deaths attributed to multiple myeloma is estimated at about 0.8% and 1%, respectively. Furthermore, its global incidence ranges from 0.5 - 12/100,000 population. It causes hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency, anemia, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, bone lesions, bone fractures, spinal stenosis, and endorgan damages. This neoplasm occurs due to a complex cytogenetic and chromosomal aberrations. These aberrations affect the expression and functions of microRNAs. Abnormal expression of these microRNAs plays an important role in the pathogenesis and angiogenesis of multiple myeloma and could have a potential role in the diagnosis, prognostic stratification, and treatment of multiple myelom...

PLoS ONE, 2021

Background Intestinal Parasitic Infections are the most prevalent diseases in the world, predomin... more Background Intestinal Parasitic Infections are the most prevalent diseases in the world, predominantly in developing countries. It is estimated that more than two billion people are affected globally, mostly in tropical and sub-tropical parts of the world. Ethiopia is one of the countries in Africa with a high prevalence of intestinal parasites. However, there is a limited study conducted in the study area. Hence, this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of intestinal parasitosis among patients attending at Sanja Primary Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Sanja Primary Hospital from January 1 to August 20, 2019. Stool samples were collected from 1240 study participants and analyzed by direct wet mount and formal ether concentration techniques. Furthermore, sociodemographic and explanatory variables were collected using a face-to-face interview. Data were entered into Epi data version 4.4.2.1 and t...

COVID-19 has still been spreading globally since its discovery. The disease has been recognized a... more COVID-19 has still been spreading globally since its discovery. The disease has been recognized as the public health emergency of international concern. An appropriate laboratory testing as part of the critical role of laboratory medicine is providing a tremendous contribution in diagnosing and managing of medically important viral human pathogens notably SARS-CoV-2. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in the 21st century is posing serious health and socioeconomic threats worldwide. This clearly indicates a paradigm shift to global collaborative efforts especially for the development of novel antiviral drugs and vaccines to save lives globally. The current statistical data of the virus is indicating that the level of response against the virus is significantly low. This elucidates that the role of laboratory medicine to combat against the novel virus is very limited especially at developing countries like Ethiopia mainly due to the scarcity of the resources and manpower. Hence, assay select...

Background Hospital-acquired infections have remained a serious cause of mortality, morbidity, an... more Background Hospital-acquired infections have remained a serious cause of mortality, morbidity, and extended hospitalization. Bacterial contamination of inanimate surfaces of the hospital environment and equipment is considered a major contributing factor to the development of several nosocomial infections worldwide. The hospital environment and many devices are an important reservoir of many clinically important bacterial agents including multidrug-resistant pathogens. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis are aimed at investigating bacterial pathogens and their antimicrobial resistance patterns of inanimate surfaces and equipment in Ethiopia. Methods An exhaustive literature search was carried out using the major electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Wiley online library to identify potentially relevant studies without date restriction. Original articles which address the research ...

Background This study is aimed to assess the incidence of advanced opportunistic infections (OIs)... more Background This study is aimed to assess the incidence of advanced opportunistic infections (OIs) and its predictors among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected children at Debre Tabor referral Hospital and University of Gondar Compressive specialized Hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020. Methods A retrospective follow-up study was conducted from June 1, 2010, to May 30, 2020. A total of 349 children under the age of 15 who had received Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) were included in the study. Data were entered into Epi info version 7.2 and then exported to Stata 14.0 for analysis. Kaplan Meier curve and Log-rank test were used to determine the median survival time and the discrepancy of different categorical variables. The Cox regression model was used to identify the predictors of advanced opportunistic infections. The Adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) at 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to declare statistical significance. Result The incidence rate of advanced opportunistic i...

INTRODUCTION: Intestinal parasitic infections are global public health problems. It causes clinic... more INTRODUCTION: Intestinal parasitic infections are global public health problems. It causes clinical morbidity and mortality largely in developing countries. About 25% of the world´s population are chronically infected with intestinal parasites and 1.5 to 2.7 million deaths annually. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of intestinal parasites and associated factors among Dawudo elementary school children. METHODS: a cross-sectional study was conducted in Dawudo elementary school children from March to April 2017 from 236 study participants. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to select study participants. Sociodemographic data and associated factors were collected by face-to-face interview. A stool specimen was collected and examined using both wet mount and formal ether concentration technique. Data analyses were done by using SPSS version 16 software. Binary logistic regression was done to assess the strength of association between dependent and independent va...

HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) has remained as a top global public health concern of the 21st cent... more Background: Tuberculosis (TB) has remained as a top global public health concern of the 21st century. It is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) worldwide. Objective: The study aimed to investigate the magnitude of pulmonary tuberculosis and its associated factors among HIV-positive patients attending antiretroviral treatment (ART) clinic in Debre Tabor specialized hospital, Northwest, Ethiopia. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 362 HIV-positive adult participants attending the ART clinic from October 1st to December 30th 2019. Sociodemographic data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire. Sputum was collected aseptically into a sterile and leak-proof container. Following aseptic techniques, each sample was processed using the GeneXpert assay based on the manufacturer's instructions. Similarly, about 3-5 mL of whole blood was drawn for CD4+ T-cell count and plasma viral load tests following standard blood collection procedures. CD4+ T-cell count was performed using the BD FACS caliber flow cytometry while the plasma viral load was performed by using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Then, collected data were double-checked, cleaned and entered into Epi-Info version 7.2.0.1 and exported to SPSS version 20.0 for further statistical analysis. The bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were conducted to address risk factor analysis. The 95%confidence interval with its corresponding cure and adjusted odds ratio was computed. Finally, p-value ≤0.05 was considered as a statistically significant association. Results: In this study, the overall prevalence of tuberculosis among HIV-positive patients was 18 [(5%), 95% CI: 2.8-7.5]. A high viral load (≥1000 copies/mL) was positively associated [AOR (95% CI: 6.4 (1.6-25.7)), p < 0.001] with developing tuberculosis among HIV-positive patients. Conclusion: The prevalence of TB is low among ART-receiving patients in our study site.