Temel Varol - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Temel Varol

Research paper thumbnail of The effect of type and ratio of reinforcement on the synthesis and characterization Cu-based nanocomposites by flake powder metallurgy

Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Nov 1, 2015

The effect of type and ratio of reinforcement on the synthesis and characterization Cubased nanoc... more The effect of type and ratio of reinforcement on the synthesis and characterization Cubased nanocomposites by flake powder metallurgy

Research paper thumbnail of Formation of Fe–Al intermetallic coating on low-carbon steel by a novel mechanical alloying technique

Powder Technology, Oct 1, 2013

ABSTRACT A novel coating method, mechanical alloying, was used to layer a Fe–Al solid solution on... more ABSTRACT A novel coating method, mechanical alloying, was used to layer a Fe–Al solid solution on the surface of low-carbon steel. During the mechanical alloying process, moving balls and powder particles impacted the substrate surface. The coating process was performed in a planetary ball-mill using a milling time that varied from 1 to 10 h, a ball-to-powder ratio of 10:1, and a ball-mill velocity of 200 rpm. Al2024 powder was used as a new rawmaterial for metal deposition. The surface morphology of the coatings was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Local compositional analysis and intermetallics formationwere analyzed by electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results revealed that a Fe–Al coating was formed on the surface of the low-carbon steel substrate by the formation of Fe–Al intermetallics.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of the CNT Content on Microstructure, Physical and Mechanical Properties of Cu-Based Electrical Contact Materials Produced by Flake Powder Metallurgy

Arabian journal for science and engineering, Jun 26, 2015

In this study, Cu matrix nanocomposites with reinforced CNT particles (0.5–5 wt %) were successfu... more In this study, Cu matrix nanocomposites with reinforced CNT particles (0.5–5 wt %) were successfully fabricated by employing flake powder metallurgy with warm-pressing and sintering technology at 950 °C for 2 h. The properties of the composite powders were analyzed using a hall flowmeter for the apparent density, a laser particle size analyzer for the particle size and a scanning electron microscopy for the powder morphology. The green and sintered density, hardness and electrical conductivity of Cu–CNT contact materials were determined utilizing Archimedes method, a hardness analyzer and an electrical conductivity measurement device, respectively. The results showed that both consolidation ability and electrical conductivity of the Cu–CNT nanocomposites decreased by increasing the CNT content. The lowest density was 6.3 and 6.73 g/cm3 for green and sintered Cu–5wt% CNT nanocomposites, respectively, while the highest density value was 8 and 8.57 g/cm3 for green and sintered Cu–0.5wt% CNT nanocomposites, respectively. The measured conductivity values were 74.56 IACs for 0.5 wt% CNT- reinforced sintered samples and decreased up to 46.3 for 2 wt% CNT-reinforced sintered samples and then decreased to 5.3 IACs for 5 wt% CNT-reinforced sintered samples.

Research paper thumbnail of Production and Characterization of Al2024/SiC Composites with High SiC Reinforcement

Fen ve mühendislik bilimleri dergisi, Apr 30, 2022

Bu çalışmada, ağırlıkça %10, %20 ve %40 SiC takviyesi içeren Al2024/SiC parçacıklarının mekanik ö... more Bu çalışmada, ağırlıkça %10, %20 ve %40 SiC takviyesi içeren Al2024/SiC parçacıklarının mekanik öğütme (MÖ) yöntemiyle üretimi ve üretilen bu parçacıkların sıcak presleme (SP) yöntemiyle sıkıştırılması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapı içerisinde değişen ağırlık oranlarında (%10, 20 ve 40) SiC toz takviyesinin morfoloji, mikro yapı, element analizi, sertlik ve yoğunluk özellikleri üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Deneysel çalışmalar sonucunda MÖ işlemi ile elde edilen homojen parçacıklar sayesinde mikro yapıda homojen bir element dağılımı gözlemlenmiştir. Ancak, yapıda ağırlıkça artan SiC toz miktarının porozite oluşumuna neden olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ağırlıkça %10, %20 ve %40 SiC içeriğine sahip kompozit numunelerin % bağıl yoğunluk değerleri sırasıyla %99.060, %98.301 ve %95.252 olarak ölçülmüştür. Yapıdaki SiC tanecik takviyesinin ağırlığının artmasıyla sertlik değerlerinde çok yüksek bir artış gözlenmiştir. Ağırlıkça %10, %20 ve %40 SiC toz içeren Al2024/SiC kompozit malzemeler için sertlik değerleri sırasıyla 177.23 HV(0.5), 250.617 HV(0.5) ve 316.67 HV(0.5) olarak ölçülmüştür.

Research paper thumbnail of The Effect of Mechanical Alloying Time on the Hardness and Electrical Conductivity Properties of Cu-Cr Alloys Produced by Hot Pressing Method

DergiPark (Istanbul University), Jun 1, 2022

Yapılan bu çalışmada ağırlıkça %0,5 krom takviyeli bakır partiküllerin mekanik alaşımlama yöntemi... more Yapılan bu çalışmada ağırlıkça %0,5 krom takviyeli bakır partiküllerin mekanik alaşımlama yöntemi ile farklı alaşımlama süreleri kullanılarak alaşımlandırılması ve üretilen tozların sıcak pres yöntemiyle yoğunlaştırılması çalışmaları yer almaktadır. Mekanik alaşımlama parametreleri olarak 10:1 bilye:toz oranı, 400 dev/dk dönüş hızı seçilmiştir süreler ise değişken olarak 0, 0,5, 1, 2 ve 4 saat olacak şekilde belirlenmiştir. Sıcak presleme parametreleri tüm deneylerde sabit olarak kullanılmıştır ve 500 ⁰C ve 600 MPa olarak belirlenmiştir. Yapılan deneyler neticesinde başlangıçta küresel ve düzensiz morfolojiye sahip tozların 0,5 saat mekanik alaşımlama işlemi sonrasında pulsu benzeri morfolojiye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca yapılan deneyler sonucunda en yüksek spesifik yüzey alanı 1 saat mekanik alaşımlama işlemi neticesinde elde edilmiştir ve 0,0667 m2/g olarak ölçülmüştür. Bu çalışma kapsamında üretilen kompakt numunelerin en düşük ve en yüksek sertlik değerleri sırasıyla mekanik alaşımlama işlemi uygulanmamış ve 1 saat mekanik alaşımlama işlemine tabii tutulmuş numunelere aittir ve 71,97 HB ve 99,12 HB olarak ölçülmüştür. En yüksek elektriksel iletkenlik değeri de 4 saat mekanik alaşımlama işlemine tabii tutulmuş numuneye aittir ve 91,27 %IACS olarak ölçülmüştür. Yapılan bu çalışma ile mekanik alaşımlama işlem parametrelerinden biri olan sürenin parçacıkların morfolojisi ve boyutu ile kompakt malzemenin mikroyapısı ve fiziksel ve mekanik özellikleri üzerine etkileri belirlenmiştir.

Research paper thumbnail of Solid Particle Erosion Studies of Varying Tow-Scale Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Composites

Materials, Oct 27, 2022

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Research paper thumbnail of Yüksek Al2O3 Oranları ile Takviye Edilmiş Al-Cu-Mg Alaşımlarının Sıcak Pres Yöntemi ile Üretimi

Düzce Üniversitesi bilim ve teknoloji dergisi, Jan 31, 2023

Al esaslı alaşımlar havacılık, otomotiv ve savunma sanayi gibi birçok sektörde kullanılmaktadır. ... more Al esaslı alaşımlar havacılık, otomotiv ve savunma sanayi gibi birçok sektörde kullanılmaktadır. Düşük yoğunlukları ve yüksek özgül mukavemet özellikleri, Al ve alaşımlarını mühendislik malzemeleri olarak kullanılabilir hale getirir. Al esaslı alaşımlar seramik partiküller ile takviye edildiğinde yüksek sertlik ve mukavemete sahip yeni nesil mühendislik malzemeleri olarak kullanılabilirler. Bu çalışmada Al2O3 partikülleri Al-Cu-Mg matrisine ağırlıkça %10, %20 ve %40 oranında mekanik alaşımlama (MA) yöntemiyle takviye edilmiş ve 560 ºC, 500 MPa pres koşullarında sıcak pres (SP) yöntemiyle preslenmiştir. MA işleminden sonra partikül boyutu ölçümleri, partikül boyutlarının azaldığını ortaya çıkarmıştır.

Research paper thumbnail of Mekanik öğütme yöntemi ile üretilen mikronaltı Al2O3 seramik parçacıklarının fiziksel özellikleri üzerine öğütme zamanı, öğütme hızı ve bilye toz ağırlık oranının etkisi

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Aug 1, 2018

Bu çalışmada mekanik öğütme yöntemi ile kaba toz boyutuna sahip Al2O3 (Alüminyum Oksit) tozlarınd... more Bu çalışmada mekanik öğütme yöntemi ile kaba toz boyutuna sahip Al2O3 (Alüminyum Oksit) tozlarından mikronaltı ve nano toz boyutuna sahip Al2O3 tozlarının üretimi amaçlanmıştır. Aynı zamanda mekanik öğütme işlemine tabi tutulan Al2O3 tozlarının morfolojisi, parçacık boyutu, özgül yüzey alanı, görünür yoğunluğu ve mikroyapısı üzerine mekanik öğütme parametreleri olan öğütme zamanı, öğütme hızı ve bilye toz ağırlık oranının etkisi araştırılmıştır. Morfoloji incelemeleri için taramalı elektron mikroskobu kullanılmıştır. Al2O3 tozlarının ortalama parçacık boyutu ve özgül yüzey alanı parçacık boyutu ölçüm cihazı ile araştırılmıştır. Görünür yoğunluk değerleri hall akış metre cihazı kullanılarak ölçülmüştür. Morfoloji incelemeleri, başlangıçta köşeli morfolojiye sahip Al2O3 parçacıklarının artan öğütme hızı ile düzensiz ve küresele yakın bir morfolojiye dönüştüğünü göstermiştir. Parçacık boyutu değerleri incelendiğinde boyut azalışındaki en etkin mekanik öğütme parametresinin öğütme hızı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen en düşük parçacık boyutu değeri 320 nm olup bu değere 300 devir/dk. 5 sa. ve 15:1 toz bilye ağırlık oranı şartlarında ulaşılmıştır. Al2O3 tozlarının 48 mikron değerindeki başlangıç boyutu ile 5 sa. kısa bir öğütme süresi sonunda elde edilen 320 nm'lik parçacık boyutu karşılaştırıldığında mekanik öğütme işleminin seramik toz öğütme işlemi üzerine etkisi açık bir şekilde ortaya konmuştur.

Research paper thumbnail of The evolution of microstructure and properties of Cu-Cr alloys synthesized via flake powder metallurgy assisted by mechanical alloying and hot pressing

Materials today communications, Dec 1, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of Novel advanced copper-silver materials produced from recycled dendritic copper powders using electroless coating and hot pressing

Powder Metallurgy, Jan 13, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of Fabrication of 316 Ss–B4c Composite by Powder Metallurgical Route

Social Science Research Network, 2019

The control rod consists of 316 stainless steel filled with boron carbide (B4C) pellets. This nov... more The control rod consists of 316 stainless steel filled with boron carbide (B4C) pellets. This novel method is to prepare the specimen as a composite bar using powder metallurgical route. The optimum compaction pressure of 450 MPa is used to fabricate with a dimension of 10x30 mm. The prepared composite ensured the uniform dispersion of the reinforcements. The X-Ray elemental mapping shows the presence of mud-pot cracking which is due to oxidation effects. Further, the spectrum analysis explicit the various components present in 316 SS–B4C composite. The quality of the specimen can further be improved when sintering in vacuum chamber or processing by spark plasma.

Research paper thumbnail of Microstructure and wear characterization of Al2O3 reinforced silver coated copper matrix composites by electroless plating and hot pressing methods

Materials today communications, Jun 1, 2021

Fly ash (FA) is a waste product of coal combustion in thermal power plants which is available in ... more Fly ash (FA) is a waste product of coal combustion in thermal power plants which is available in massive quantities all over the world causing land pollution. This paper reports the characterization of AA6061 aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) reinforced with FA particles synthesized using friction stir processing (FSP). The volume fraction of FA particles was varied from 0 to 18 in steps of 6. The prepared AMCs were characterized using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscattered diagram (EBSD). The wear rate was estimated using a pin-on-disc wear apparatus. FA particles were observed to be distributed homogeneously in the AMC irrespective of the location within the stir zone. The EBSD micrographs revealed remarkable grain refinement in the AMC. The incorporation of FA particles enhanced the microhardness and wear resistance of the AMC.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Al2O3 content and milling time on the properties of silver coated Cu matrix composites fabricated by electroless plating and hot pressing

Materials today communications, Sep 1, 2020

Abstract This work aims to reveal the positive effects of silver coating and milling of copper pa... more Abstract This work aims to reveal the positive effects of silver coating and milling of copper particles on the physical properties such as density, hardness and electrical conductivity of Al2O3 reinforced copper matrix composites. Al2O3 particles reinforced (0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 5%wt.) silver coated and uncoated copper matrix composites were fabricated using the hot-pressing method. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the morphology of powders and microstructure of the silver coating layer and composite samples. The density (δ) and hardness of compacts was determined by the Archimede’s method and Brinell hardness method, respectively. Electrical conductivity of samples was measured using Sigmascope SMP10 HF electrical conductivity measurement device and reported in the International Annealed Copper Standard (IACS). The best coating homogeneity in copper-silver core-shells was observed in milled copper powders for 2 h. The density of samples decreased but the hardness of samples increased with increasing Al2O3 content due to hard and non conductive structure of Al2O3 ceramic particles. The highest hardness was measured as 125 HB for silver coated copper matrix composites fabricated by using 2 h of milling and 3%wt. Al2O3 content. 95 HB was obtained for the uncoated copper matrix composites fabricated by using 3 h of milling and 3%wt. Al2O3 content. For composite samples, the highest electrical conductivity value was measured as 88%IACS for silver coated copper matrix composites synthesized by 2 h of milling and 3%wt. Al2O3 content.

Research paper thumbnail of Modeling of the Prediction of Densification Behavior of Powder Metallurgy Al–Cu–Mg/B4C Composites Using Artificial Neural Networks

Acta Metallurgica Sinica (english Letters), Dec 11, 2014

Al-Cu-Mg/B 4 Cp metal matrix composites with reinforcement of up to 20 wt% were produced using th... more Al-Cu-Mg/B 4 Cp metal matrix composites with reinforcement of up to 20 wt% were produced using the powder metallurgy technique. The effects of reinforcement ratio, reinforcement size, milling time, and compact pressure on the density and porosity of the composites reinforced with 0, 5, 10, and 20 wt% B 4 C particles were studied. Moreover, an artificial neural network model has been developed for the prediction of the effects of the manufacturing parameters on the density and porosity of powder metallurgy Al-Cu-Mg/B 4 Cp composites. This model can be used for predicting the densification behavior of Al-Cu-Mg/B 4 Cp composites produced under reinforcement of different sizes and amounts with various milling times and compact pressures. The mean absolute percentage error for the predicted values did not exceed 1.6%.

Research paper thumbnail of Physical and mechanical properties of stir-casting processed AA2024/B<sub>4</sub>Cp composites

Science and engineering of composite materials, Dec 5, 2013

In this study, metal matrix composites of an aluminum alloy (AA2024) and B 4 C particles with vol... more In this study, metal matrix composites of an aluminum alloy (AA2024) and B 4 C particles with volume fractions 3, 5, 7, and 10 vol% and with sizes 29 and 71 μm were produced using stir-casting technique. The effects of B 4 C particle content and size of boron carbide on the mechanical properties of the composites such as hardness, 0.2% yield strength, tensile strength, and fracture were investigated. Furthermore, the relation between particle content, microstructure, and particle distribution has been investigated. The hardness of the composites increased with increasing particle volume fraction and with decreasing particle size, although the tensile strength of the composites decreased with increasing particle volume fraction and with decreasing particle size. Scanning electron microscopic observations of the microstructures revealed that dispersion of the coarser sizes of B 4 C particles was more uniform while the finer particles led to agglomeration of the particles and porosity.

Research paper thumbnail of Synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline Al 2024–B<sub>4</sub>C composite powders by mechanical alloying

Philosophical Magazine Letters, Jun 1, 2013

In the present work, the effect of milling parameters on the morphology and microstructure of nan... more In the present work, the effect of milling parameters on the morphology and microstructure of nanostructure Al2024–B4C composite powders obtained by mechanical alloying (MA) was studied. The effects of milling time and B4C content on the morphology, microstructure and particle size of nanostructure Al2024–B4C composite powders have been investigated. Different amounts of B4C particles (0, 5, 10 and 20 wt.%) were mixed with Al2024 powders and milled in a planetary ball mill for 30, 60, 120, 300, 420 and 600 min. Al 2024–B4C composite powders were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), laser particle-size analyzer, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and the Vickers microhardness test. The results showed that the nanostructure Al2024–B4C composite powders were produced when they were milled for 600 min. The size of composite powder in the milled powder mixture was affected by the milling time and content of B4C particles. Moreover, it was observed that when MA reached a steady state, the properties of composite powders were stabilized.

Research paper thumbnail of The Effect of Process Control Agent and Milling Time on the Solid-State Recycling by Mechanical Milling of Ti-6al-4v Alloy Scraps

Social Science Research Network, 2023

Research paper thumbnail of EVALUAREA STRUCTURALĂ ŞI CARACTERIZAREA COMPOZITELOR NANOSTRUCTURATE Al-Al2O3 OBŢINUTE PRIN METODA ACTIVĂRII MECANICE STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOSTRUCTURED Al-Al2O3 COMPOSITE FABRICATED BY MECHANICAL ALLOYING METHOD

This paper was focused on the structural evolution and characterization of Al-15vol.% Al 2 O 3 co... more This paper was focused on the structural evolution and characterization of Al-15vol.% Al 2 O 3 composite. Composite powders were characterized by Xray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The relationship among the stages of mechanical alloying, relative density and microstructure of both pressed and sintered materials were also investigated. It was observed that mechanical alloying process reached the steady state after 5h of milling time and relatively equiaxed powders were synthesized within this time frame. The results showed that as the milling time increased, more homogeneous dispersion of Al 2 O 3 particles was obtained in the Al alloy matrix. Lucrarea are ca scop evaluarea structurală şi caracterizarea compozitelor Al-15vol% Al 2 O 3. Pulberea compozită a fost caracterizată prin difracţie cu raze X şi microscopie electronică cu baleaj. Au fost de asemenea investigate relaţiile dintre etapele alierii mecanice, densitatea relativă şi microstructura atât a materialului cât şi a celui sinterizat. S-a observat că procesul de activare mecanică ajunge la starea de echilibru după 5 ore de măcinare obţinându-se o orientare equiaxială a pulberii în acest timp. Rezultatele demonstrează că, pe măsură ce durata de măcinare creşte, se obţine o mai bună dispersie a particulelor de Al 2 O 3 în matricea de Al.

Research paper thumbnail of Bor Karbür Takviyeli Al Esaslı Kompozitlerin Özellikleri Üzerine Bor Karbür Takviye Miktarının Etkisi

El-cezeri, Jan 4, 2022

Bu çalışmada, ağırlıkça %10, %20 ve %40 Bor Karbür (B 4 C) içerikli Al matris partiküllerin ve ko... more Bu çalışmada, ağırlıkça %10, %20 ve %40 Bor Karbür (B 4 C) içerikli Al matris partiküllerin ve kompakt malzemelerin üretimi ve karakterizasyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir. B 4 C takviyeli Al matris kompakt malzemelerin elektriksel iletkenlik değerleri en düşük 6,97 %IACS ve en yüksek 20,73 %IACS olarak belirlenmiştir. Deneysel çalışmalar sonucunda, mikro yapıda ağırlıkça artan B 4 C takviyesinin yapının yoğunluğunu azaltma ve sertliğini arttırma noktasında etkisi olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Yapısında ağırlıkça %10, %20 ve %40 B 4 C içeren Al matris kompakt malzemelerin yoğunluk değerleri sırasıyla 2,622 gr/cm 3 , 2,598 gr/cm 3 ve 2,568 gr/cm 3 olarak, sertlik değerleri sırasıyla 244.34 HV(0.5), 270.16 HV(0.5) ve 290.70 HV(0.5) olarak ölçülmüştür.

Research paper thumbnail of Enhancement of electrical and thermal conductivity of low-cost novel Cu–Ag alloys prepared by hot-pressing and electroless plating from recycled electrolytic copper powders

Materials Chemistry and Physics, Apr 1, 2022

One of disadvantages of polymer composites is poor electrical and thermal conductivity. As a firs... more One of disadvantages of polymer composites is poor electrical and thermal conductivity. As a first step in this direction, graphene-modified polypropylene polymer is being developed to improve its electrical and thermal conductivity. Two techniques were investigated: surface coating and extrusion. In the case of coating technique, the percolation threshold was found to be 0.5 wt % of graphene and electrical conductivity of polypropylene increased around 13 log cycles. Coating technique breaks the agglomerations due to magnetic stirring followed by sonication and gives homogeneous graphene-coated polypropylene pellets. When polymer melts under compression molding, the graphene platelets network formed on the surface of polypropylene pellets as well as through-thethickness of the molded disk, which provide continuous network of graphene. However, in extrusion technique, graphene segregated and did not disperse properly in polypropylene.

Research paper thumbnail of The effect of type and ratio of reinforcement on the synthesis and characterization Cu-based nanocomposites by flake powder metallurgy

Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Nov 1, 2015

The effect of type and ratio of reinforcement on the synthesis and characterization Cubased nanoc... more The effect of type and ratio of reinforcement on the synthesis and characterization Cubased nanocomposites by flake powder metallurgy

Research paper thumbnail of Formation of Fe–Al intermetallic coating on low-carbon steel by a novel mechanical alloying technique

Powder Technology, Oct 1, 2013

ABSTRACT A novel coating method, mechanical alloying, was used to layer a Fe–Al solid solution on... more ABSTRACT A novel coating method, mechanical alloying, was used to layer a Fe–Al solid solution on the surface of low-carbon steel. During the mechanical alloying process, moving balls and powder particles impacted the substrate surface. The coating process was performed in a planetary ball-mill using a milling time that varied from 1 to 10 h, a ball-to-powder ratio of 10:1, and a ball-mill velocity of 200 rpm. Al2024 powder was used as a new rawmaterial for metal deposition. The surface morphology of the coatings was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Local compositional analysis and intermetallics formationwere analyzed by electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results revealed that a Fe–Al coating was formed on the surface of the low-carbon steel substrate by the formation of Fe–Al intermetallics.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of the CNT Content on Microstructure, Physical and Mechanical Properties of Cu-Based Electrical Contact Materials Produced by Flake Powder Metallurgy

Arabian journal for science and engineering, Jun 26, 2015

In this study, Cu matrix nanocomposites with reinforced CNT particles (0.5–5 wt %) were successfu... more In this study, Cu matrix nanocomposites with reinforced CNT particles (0.5–5 wt %) were successfully fabricated by employing flake powder metallurgy with warm-pressing and sintering technology at 950 °C for 2 h. The properties of the composite powders were analyzed using a hall flowmeter for the apparent density, a laser particle size analyzer for the particle size and a scanning electron microscopy for the powder morphology. The green and sintered density, hardness and electrical conductivity of Cu–CNT contact materials were determined utilizing Archimedes method, a hardness analyzer and an electrical conductivity measurement device, respectively. The results showed that both consolidation ability and electrical conductivity of the Cu–CNT nanocomposites decreased by increasing the CNT content. The lowest density was 6.3 and 6.73 g/cm3 for green and sintered Cu–5wt% CNT nanocomposites, respectively, while the highest density value was 8 and 8.57 g/cm3 for green and sintered Cu–0.5wt% CNT nanocomposites, respectively. The measured conductivity values were 74.56 IACs for 0.5 wt% CNT- reinforced sintered samples and decreased up to 46.3 for 2 wt% CNT-reinforced sintered samples and then decreased to 5.3 IACs for 5 wt% CNT-reinforced sintered samples.

Research paper thumbnail of Production and Characterization of Al2024/SiC Composites with High SiC Reinforcement

Fen ve mühendislik bilimleri dergisi, Apr 30, 2022

Bu çalışmada, ağırlıkça %10, %20 ve %40 SiC takviyesi içeren Al2024/SiC parçacıklarının mekanik ö... more Bu çalışmada, ağırlıkça %10, %20 ve %40 SiC takviyesi içeren Al2024/SiC parçacıklarının mekanik öğütme (MÖ) yöntemiyle üretimi ve üretilen bu parçacıkların sıcak presleme (SP) yöntemiyle sıkıştırılması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapı içerisinde değişen ağırlık oranlarında (%10, 20 ve 40) SiC toz takviyesinin morfoloji, mikro yapı, element analizi, sertlik ve yoğunluk özellikleri üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Deneysel çalışmalar sonucunda MÖ işlemi ile elde edilen homojen parçacıklar sayesinde mikro yapıda homojen bir element dağılımı gözlemlenmiştir. Ancak, yapıda ağırlıkça artan SiC toz miktarının porozite oluşumuna neden olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ağırlıkça %10, %20 ve %40 SiC içeriğine sahip kompozit numunelerin % bağıl yoğunluk değerleri sırasıyla %99.060, %98.301 ve %95.252 olarak ölçülmüştür. Yapıdaki SiC tanecik takviyesinin ağırlığının artmasıyla sertlik değerlerinde çok yüksek bir artış gözlenmiştir. Ağırlıkça %10, %20 ve %40 SiC toz içeren Al2024/SiC kompozit malzemeler için sertlik değerleri sırasıyla 177.23 HV(0.5), 250.617 HV(0.5) ve 316.67 HV(0.5) olarak ölçülmüştür.

Research paper thumbnail of The Effect of Mechanical Alloying Time on the Hardness and Electrical Conductivity Properties of Cu-Cr Alloys Produced by Hot Pressing Method

DergiPark (Istanbul University), Jun 1, 2022

Yapılan bu çalışmada ağırlıkça %0,5 krom takviyeli bakır partiküllerin mekanik alaşımlama yöntemi... more Yapılan bu çalışmada ağırlıkça %0,5 krom takviyeli bakır partiküllerin mekanik alaşımlama yöntemi ile farklı alaşımlama süreleri kullanılarak alaşımlandırılması ve üretilen tozların sıcak pres yöntemiyle yoğunlaştırılması çalışmaları yer almaktadır. Mekanik alaşımlama parametreleri olarak 10:1 bilye:toz oranı, 400 dev/dk dönüş hızı seçilmiştir süreler ise değişken olarak 0, 0,5, 1, 2 ve 4 saat olacak şekilde belirlenmiştir. Sıcak presleme parametreleri tüm deneylerde sabit olarak kullanılmıştır ve 500 ⁰C ve 600 MPa olarak belirlenmiştir. Yapılan deneyler neticesinde başlangıçta küresel ve düzensiz morfolojiye sahip tozların 0,5 saat mekanik alaşımlama işlemi sonrasında pulsu benzeri morfolojiye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca yapılan deneyler sonucunda en yüksek spesifik yüzey alanı 1 saat mekanik alaşımlama işlemi neticesinde elde edilmiştir ve 0,0667 m2/g olarak ölçülmüştür. Bu çalışma kapsamında üretilen kompakt numunelerin en düşük ve en yüksek sertlik değerleri sırasıyla mekanik alaşımlama işlemi uygulanmamış ve 1 saat mekanik alaşımlama işlemine tabii tutulmuş numunelere aittir ve 71,97 HB ve 99,12 HB olarak ölçülmüştür. En yüksek elektriksel iletkenlik değeri de 4 saat mekanik alaşımlama işlemine tabii tutulmuş numuneye aittir ve 91,27 %IACS olarak ölçülmüştür. Yapılan bu çalışma ile mekanik alaşımlama işlem parametrelerinden biri olan sürenin parçacıkların morfolojisi ve boyutu ile kompakt malzemenin mikroyapısı ve fiziksel ve mekanik özellikleri üzerine etkileri belirlenmiştir.

Research paper thumbnail of Solid Particle Erosion Studies of Varying Tow-Scale Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Composites

Materials, Oct 27, 2022

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Research paper thumbnail of Yüksek Al2O3 Oranları ile Takviye Edilmiş Al-Cu-Mg Alaşımlarının Sıcak Pres Yöntemi ile Üretimi

Düzce Üniversitesi bilim ve teknoloji dergisi, Jan 31, 2023

Al esaslı alaşımlar havacılık, otomotiv ve savunma sanayi gibi birçok sektörde kullanılmaktadır. ... more Al esaslı alaşımlar havacılık, otomotiv ve savunma sanayi gibi birçok sektörde kullanılmaktadır. Düşük yoğunlukları ve yüksek özgül mukavemet özellikleri, Al ve alaşımlarını mühendislik malzemeleri olarak kullanılabilir hale getirir. Al esaslı alaşımlar seramik partiküller ile takviye edildiğinde yüksek sertlik ve mukavemete sahip yeni nesil mühendislik malzemeleri olarak kullanılabilirler. Bu çalışmada Al2O3 partikülleri Al-Cu-Mg matrisine ağırlıkça %10, %20 ve %40 oranında mekanik alaşımlama (MA) yöntemiyle takviye edilmiş ve 560 ºC, 500 MPa pres koşullarında sıcak pres (SP) yöntemiyle preslenmiştir. MA işleminden sonra partikül boyutu ölçümleri, partikül boyutlarının azaldığını ortaya çıkarmıştır.

Research paper thumbnail of Mekanik öğütme yöntemi ile üretilen mikronaltı Al2O3 seramik parçacıklarının fiziksel özellikleri üzerine öğütme zamanı, öğütme hızı ve bilye toz ağırlık oranının etkisi

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Aug 1, 2018

Bu çalışmada mekanik öğütme yöntemi ile kaba toz boyutuna sahip Al2O3 (Alüminyum Oksit) tozlarınd... more Bu çalışmada mekanik öğütme yöntemi ile kaba toz boyutuna sahip Al2O3 (Alüminyum Oksit) tozlarından mikronaltı ve nano toz boyutuna sahip Al2O3 tozlarının üretimi amaçlanmıştır. Aynı zamanda mekanik öğütme işlemine tabi tutulan Al2O3 tozlarının morfolojisi, parçacık boyutu, özgül yüzey alanı, görünür yoğunluğu ve mikroyapısı üzerine mekanik öğütme parametreleri olan öğütme zamanı, öğütme hızı ve bilye toz ağırlık oranının etkisi araştırılmıştır. Morfoloji incelemeleri için taramalı elektron mikroskobu kullanılmıştır. Al2O3 tozlarının ortalama parçacık boyutu ve özgül yüzey alanı parçacık boyutu ölçüm cihazı ile araştırılmıştır. Görünür yoğunluk değerleri hall akış metre cihazı kullanılarak ölçülmüştür. Morfoloji incelemeleri, başlangıçta köşeli morfolojiye sahip Al2O3 parçacıklarının artan öğütme hızı ile düzensiz ve küresele yakın bir morfolojiye dönüştüğünü göstermiştir. Parçacık boyutu değerleri incelendiğinde boyut azalışındaki en etkin mekanik öğütme parametresinin öğütme hızı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen en düşük parçacık boyutu değeri 320 nm olup bu değere 300 devir/dk. 5 sa. ve 15:1 toz bilye ağırlık oranı şartlarında ulaşılmıştır. Al2O3 tozlarının 48 mikron değerindeki başlangıç boyutu ile 5 sa. kısa bir öğütme süresi sonunda elde edilen 320 nm'lik parçacık boyutu karşılaştırıldığında mekanik öğütme işleminin seramik toz öğütme işlemi üzerine etkisi açık bir şekilde ortaya konmuştur.

Research paper thumbnail of The evolution of microstructure and properties of Cu-Cr alloys synthesized via flake powder metallurgy assisted by mechanical alloying and hot pressing

Materials today communications, Dec 1, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of Novel advanced copper-silver materials produced from recycled dendritic copper powders using electroless coating and hot pressing

Powder Metallurgy, Jan 13, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of Fabrication of 316 Ss–B4c Composite by Powder Metallurgical Route

Social Science Research Network, 2019

The control rod consists of 316 stainless steel filled with boron carbide (B4C) pellets. This nov... more The control rod consists of 316 stainless steel filled with boron carbide (B4C) pellets. This novel method is to prepare the specimen as a composite bar using powder metallurgical route. The optimum compaction pressure of 450 MPa is used to fabricate with a dimension of 10x30 mm. The prepared composite ensured the uniform dispersion of the reinforcements. The X-Ray elemental mapping shows the presence of mud-pot cracking which is due to oxidation effects. Further, the spectrum analysis explicit the various components present in 316 SS–B4C composite. The quality of the specimen can further be improved when sintering in vacuum chamber or processing by spark plasma.

Research paper thumbnail of Microstructure and wear characterization of Al2O3 reinforced silver coated copper matrix composites by electroless plating and hot pressing methods

Materials today communications, Jun 1, 2021

Fly ash (FA) is a waste product of coal combustion in thermal power plants which is available in ... more Fly ash (FA) is a waste product of coal combustion in thermal power plants which is available in massive quantities all over the world causing land pollution. This paper reports the characterization of AA6061 aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) reinforced with FA particles synthesized using friction stir processing (FSP). The volume fraction of FA particles was varied from 0 to 18 in steps of 6. The prepared AMCs were characterized using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscattered diagram (EBSD). The wear rate was estimated using a pin-on-disc wear apparatus. FA particles were observed to be distributed homogeneously in the AMC irrespective of the location within the stir zone. The EBSD micrographs revealed remarkable grain refinement in the AMC. The incorporation of FA particles enhanced the microhardness and wear resistance of the AMC.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Al2O3 content and milling time on the properties of silver coated Cu matrix composites fabricated by electroless plating and hot pressing

Materials today communications, Sep 1, 2020

Abstract This work aims to reveal the positive effects of silver coating and milling of copper pa... more Abstract This work aims to reveal the positive effects of silver coating and milling of copper particles on the physical properties such as density, hardness and electrical conductivity of Al2O3 reinforced copper matrix composites. Al2O3 particles reinforced (0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 5%wt.) silver coated and uncoated copper matrix composites were fabricated using the hot-pressing method. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the morphology of powders and microstructure of the silver coating layer and composite samples. The density (δ) and hardness of compacts was determined by the Archimede’s method and Brinell hardness method, respectively. Electrical conductivity of samples was measured using Sigmascope SMP10 HF electrical conductivity measurement device and reported in the International Annealed Copper Standard (IACS). The best coating homogeneity in copper-silver core-shells was observed in milled copper powders for 2 h. The density of samples decreased but the hardness of samples increased with increasing Al2O3 content due to hard and non conductive structure of Al2O3 ceramic particles. The highest hardness was measured as 125 HB for silver coated copper matrix composites fabricated by using 2 h of milling and 3%wt. Al2O3 content. 95 HB was obtained for the uncoated copper matrix composites fabricated by using 3 h of milling and 3%wt. Al2O3 content. For composite samples, the highest electrical conductivity value was measured as 88%IACS for silver coated copper matrix composites synthesized by 2 h of milling and 3%wt. Al2O3 content.

Research paper thumbnail of Modeling of the Prediction of Densification Behavior of Powder Metallurgy Al–Cu–Mg/B4C Composites Using Artificial Neural Networks

Acta Metallurgica Sinica (english Letters), Dec 11, 2014

Al-Cu-Mg/B 4 Cp metal matrix composites with reinforcement of up to 20 wt% were produced using th... more Al-Cu-Mg/B 4 Cp metal matrix composites with reinforcement of up to 20 wt% were produced using the powder metallurgy technique. The effects of reinforcement ratio, reinforcement size, milling time, and compact pressure on the density and porosity of the composites reinforced with 0, 5, 10, and 20 wt% B 4 C particles were studied. Moreover, an artificial neural network model has been developed for the prediction of the effects of the manufacturing parameters on the density and porosity of powder metallurgy Al-Cu-Mg/B 4 Cp composites. This model can be used for predicting the densification behavior of Al-Cu-Mg/B 4 Cp composites produced under reinforcement of different sizes and amounts with various milling times and compact pressures. The mean absolute percentage error for the predicted values did not exceed 1.6%.

Research paper thumbnail of Physical and mechanical properties of stir-casting processed AA2024/B<sub>4</sub>Cp composites

Science and engineering of composite materials, Dec 5, 2013

In this study, metal matrix composites of an aluminum alloy (AA2024) and B 4 C particles with vol... more In this study, metal matrix composites of an aluminum alloy (AA2024) and B 4 C particles with volume fractions 3, 5, 7, and 10 vol% and with sizes 29 and 71 μm were produced using stir-casting technique. The effects of B 4 C particle content and size of boron carbide on the mechanical properties of the composites such as hardness, 0.2% yield strength, tensile strength, and fracture were investigated. Furthermore, the relation between particle content, microstructure, and particle distribution has been investigated. The hardness of the composites increased with increasing particle volume fraction and with decreasing particle size, although the tensile strength of the composites decreased with increasing particle volume fraction and with decreasing particle size. Scanning electron microscopic observations of the microstructures revealed that dispersion of the coarser sizes of B 4 C particles was more uniform while the finer particles led to agglomeration of the particles and porosity.

Research paper thumbnail of Synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline Al 2024–B<sub>4</sub>C composite powders by mechanical alloying

Philosophical Magazine Letters, Jun 1, 2013

In the present work, the effect of milling parameters on the morphology and microstructure of nan... more In the present work, the effect of milling parameters on the morphology and microstructure of nanostructure Al2024–B4C composite powders obtained by mechanical alloying (MA) was studied. The effects of milling time and B4C content on the morphology, microstructure and particle size of nanostructure Al2024–B4C composite powders have been investigated. Different amounts of B4C particles (0, 5, 10 and 20 wt.%) were mixed with Al2024 powders and milled in a planetary ball mill for 30, 60, 120, 300, 420 and 600 min. Al 2024–B4C composite powders were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), laser particle-size analyzer, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and the Vickers microhardness test. The results showed that the nanostructure Al2024–B4C composite powders were produced when they were milled for 600 min. The size of composite powder in the milled powder mixture was affected by the milling time and content of B4C particles. Moreover, it was observed that when MA reached a steady state, the properties of composite powders were stabilized.

Research paper thumbnail of The Effect of Process Control Agent and Milling Time on the Solid-State Recycling by Mechanical Milling of Ti-6al-4v Alloy Scraps

Social Science Research Network, 2023

Research paper thumbnail of EVALUAREA STRUCTURALĂ ŞI CARACTERIZAREA COMPOZITELOR NANOSTRUCTURATE Al-Al2O3 OBŢINUTE PRIN METODA ACTIVĂRII MECANICE STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOSTRUCTURED Al-Al2O3 COMPOSITE FABRICATED BY MECHANICAL ALLOYING METHOD

This paper was focused on the structural evolution and characterization of Al-15vol.% Al 2 O 3 co... more This paper was focused on the structural evolution and characterization of Al-15vol.% Al 2 O 3 composite. Composite powders were characterized by Xray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The relationship among the stages of mechanical alloying, relative density and microstructure of both pressed and sintered materials were also investigated. It was observed that mechanical alloying process reached the steady state after 5h of milling time and relatively equiaxed powders were synthesized within this time frame. The results showed that as the milling time increased, more homogeneous dispersion of Al 2 O 3 particles was obtained in the Al alloy matrix. Lucrarea are ca scop evaluarea structurală şi caracterizarea compozitelor Al-15vol% Al 2 O 3. Pulberea compozită a fost caracterizată prin difracţie cu raze X şi microscopie electronică cu baleaj. Au fost de asemenea investigate relaţiile dintre etapele alierii mecanice, densitatea relativă şi microstructura atât a materialului cât şi a celui sinterizat. S-a observat că procesul de activare mecanică ajunge la starea de echilibru după 5 ore de măcinare obţinându-se o orientare equiaxială a pulberii în acest timp. Rezultatele demonstrează că, pe măsură ce durata de măcinare creşte, se obţine o mai bună dispersie a particulelor de Al 2 O 3 în matricea de Al.

Research paper thumbnail of Bor Karbür Takviyeli Al Esaslı Kompozitlerin Özellikleri Üzerine Bor Karbür Takviye Miktarının Etkisi

El-cezeri, Jan 4, 2022

Bu çalışmada, ağırlıkça %10, %20 ve %40 Bor Karbür (B 4 C) içerikli Al matris partiküllerin ve ko... more Bu çalışmada, ağırlıkça %10, %20 ve %40 Bor Karbür (B 4 C) içerikli Al matris partiküllerin ve kompakt malzemelerin üretimi ve karakterizasyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir. B 4 C takviyeli Al matris kompakt malzemelerin elektriksel iletkenlik değerleri en düşük 6,97 %IACS ve en yüksek 20,73 %IACS olarak belirlenmiştir. Deneysel çalışmalar sonucunda, mikro yapıda ağırlıkça artan B 4 C takviyesinin yapının yoğunluğunu azaltma ve sertliğini arttırma noktasında etkisi olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Yapısında ağırlıkça %10, %20 ve %40 B 4 C içeren Al matris kompakt malzemelerin yoğunluk değerleri sırasıyla 2,622 gr/cm 3 , 2,598 gr/cm 3 ve 2,568 gr/cm 3 olarak, sertlik değerleri sırasıyla 244.34 HV(0.5), 270.16 HV(0.5) ve 290.70 HV(0.5) olarak ölçülmüştür.

Research paper thumbnail of Enhancement of electrical and thermal conductivity of low-cost novel Cu–Ag alloys prepared by hot-pressing and electroless plating from recycled electrolytic copper powders

Materials Chemistry and Physics, Apr 1, 2022

One of disadvantages of polymer composites is poor electrical and thermal conductivity. As a firs... more One of disadvantages of polymer composites is poor electrical and thermal conductivity. As a first step in this direction, graphene-modified polypropylene polymer is being developed to improve its electrical and thermal conductivity. Two techniques were investigated: surface coating and extrusion. In the case of coating technique, the percolation threshold was found to be 0.5 wt % of graphene and electrical conductivity of polypropylene increased around 13 log cycles. Coating technique breaks the agglomerations due to magnetic stirring followed by sonication and gives homogeneous graphene-coated polypropylene pellets. When polymer melts under compression molding, the graphene platelets network formed on the surface of polypropylene pellets as well as through-thethickness of the molded disk, which provide continuous network of graphene. However, in extrusion technique, graphene segregated and did not disperse properly in polypropylene.