Temitope Kolapo - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Temitope Kolapo

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

Alveolar echinococcosis (AE), caused by the metacestode of Echinococcus multilocularis, is emergi... more Alveolar echinococcosis (AE), caused by the metacestode of Echinococcus multilocularis, is emerging in both dogs and people in North America. Here, we review 27 cases of canine AE opportunistically reported since the index case was described in 2009 in Western Canada. We describe clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, outcome, and source of canine infection, based on genetics of the parasite isolated from some canine cases. Diagnosis of AE was by histopathology and/or PCR on DNA extracted from metacestodes. The median age of dogs at diagnosis was 4 years (range 1–12), which is low compared to neoplasia, the most common differential diagnosis. There was no sex predilection and different breeds were involved, but there were a disproportionate number of boxers and beagles relative to their representation in the general canine population. The most common potential risk factors included contact with wildlife and visits to off leash areas. Abdominal distension was the most common cl...

Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium... more Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Echinococcosis is a public health parasitic disease that is cosmopolitan (Echinococcus granulosus) in its distribution. Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) have been recognised as the definitive host of the parasite. The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of canine echinococcosis in Southwest Nigeria using direct enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect sera antigen. Two hundred and seventy-three (273) canine sera were tested for the presence of Echinococcus antigen. Purpose of keeping (hunting or companion), age (young or adult), and sex of each dog were considered during sampling. Total prevalence recorded was 12.45 % (34/273). There was significant difference (

Veterinary Parasitology, 2021

Prompt and reliable diagnostic tests for taeniid infection in canids are important due to the ris... more Prompt and reliable diagnostic tests for taeniid infection in canids are important due to the risk of zoonoses like Echinococcus spp. Current diagnostic methods relying on fecal flotation lack sensitivity and specificity, but this has rarely been quantified due to the challenges in performing adult cestode recovery (the gold standard) in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris). Therefore, we recovered adult Taenia and Echinococcus spp. from intestines, as well as fecal/intestinal material from 484 wild canids trapped for fur in two Canadian provinces (276 foxes - primarily Vulpes vulpes, coyotes - Canis latrans, and wolves - Canis lupus in Québec and 208 coyotes in Saskatchewan). The performances of a newly developed coproPCR for tapeworm DNA detection in dogs, and centrifugal fecal flotation using Sheather's solution, were evaluated against adult cestode recovery. Overall, adult taeniid cestode prevalence (Taenia and/or Echinococcus) was 28 % (95 % CI: 23-33 %) in Québec (62 % (CI: 51-73%) of 74 coyotes, 65 % (CI: 44-82) of 23 wolves, and 11 % (CI: 7-16%) of 179 foxes) and 79 % (CI: 73-84%) of 208 coyotes in Saskatchewan. In Québec, E. canadensis and Taenia spp. were detected in coyotes and wolves, and foxes were only infected with Taenia spp., whereas Saskatchewan coyotes were predominantly infected with E. multilocularis (at significantly higher prevalence, but not intensity, than coyotes in Québec). Compared with centrifugal fecal flotation, the new coproPCR had at least double the sensitivity (58 % vs 23 % in QC coyotes, 57 % vs 23 % in QC wolves, 24 % vs 0% in QC foxes, and 80 % vs 25 % in SK coyotes). Notably, no taeniid eggs were detected on flotations from foxes infected with Taenia spp., and the new coproPCR had highest sensitivity in Saskatchewan coyotes, which were predominantly infected with E. multilocularis. CoproPCR has promising prospects for use in Veterinary clinics and diagnostic laboratories to detect taeniid cestode infections because of its higher sensitivity than faecal flotation methods. This is particularly important for zoonotic Echinococcus spp. where, from a public health perspective, false negatives are a much greater concern than false positives.

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, 2021

Echinococcus spp. tapeworms can cause serious diseases in mammals, including humans. Within the E... more Echinococcus spp. tapeworms can cause serious diseases in mammals, including humans. Within the E. granulosus species complex, metacestodes produce unilocular cysts that are responsible for cystic echinococcosis in animal intermediate hosts. Canids are definitive hosts, harbouring adult cestodes in their intestines. Adult E. canadensis were recovered from the small intestine of 1 of 262 coyotes (Canis latrans) from Nova Scotia, Canada. Subsequently, we found unilocular cysts in lungs and livers of 4 of 8 sympatric moose (Alces alces) from Cape Breton Island. DNA was extracted from three cysts using the Qiagen DNeasy Blood and Tissue kit and assayed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers (cest4 and cest5) for a 117-bp region of the small subunit of ribosomal RNA of E. granulosus sensu lato, and further validated as E. canadensis G8 using primers targeting nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) mitochondrial genes. These are the first records of E. canadensis in any of the three Maritime provinces, which include Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island. The parasite was thought to be absent in this region due to extirpation of wolves (Canis spp.) in the 1800s. These findings suggest that further wildlife surveillance and risk assessment is warranted.

Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of spirochaetes and other haemoparasites ... more The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of spirochaetes and other haemoparasites in small ruminants. A total of two hundred blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of sheep and goats at slaughter. The Microhaematocrit centrifugation technique, direct wet blood mount, thin blood smear and thick blood smear techniques were used to detect the presence of motile and non-motile haemoparasites. Data obtained were analyzed using percentages and tabulations. One hundred and twelve representing 56.00% of the sampled small ruminants were positive for spirochaetes and other haemoparasites. Spirochaetes was the most prevalent haemoparasites followed by Anaplasma ovis, Babesia spp. and Trypanosoma brucei. Higher prevalence of haemoparasites infection were observed in goats (82.50%) compared to sheep (41.25%). Haemoparasites were more prevalent in small ruminants sourced from the southern part (78.00%) compared to those sourced from the northern part (54.00%) of Nigeria. Higher prevalence of spirochaetes and other haemoparasites was recorded in male than female. Some spirochaetes are zoonotic therefore, the possibility of its transmission to man exists with butchers and other abattoir workers been at risk of spirochaetosis. The role of ruminant types, sex of animals, and geographical locations in the epidemiology of spirochaetes and other haemoparasites infections in Nigeria is worthy of further investigations.

The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2020

Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a life-threatening parasitic disease caused by the zoonotic cesto... more Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a life-threatening parasitic disease caused by the zoonotic cestode Echinococcus multilocularis. Our goals were to confirm infection, identify species, and analyze biogeographical origin of metacestode tissues from a suspected human AE case in Saskatchewan, Canada. We conducted polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the nad1 mitochondrial gene for E. multilocularis and the rrnS ribosomal RNA gene for E. granulosus and conducted haplotype analysis at the nad2 locus. Our analysis confirmed AE and indicated that sequences matched infected Saskatchewan coyotes and European E3/E4 haplotypes. The patient had no travel history outside North America. This suggests autochthonous transmission of a European-type strain.

Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics, Jan 30, 2018

Ebola virus (EBOV) is a lethal human pathogen with a risk of global spread of its zoonotic infect... more Ebola virus (EBOV) is a lethal human pathogen with a risk of global spread of its zoonotic infections, and Ebolavirus Zaire specifically has the highest fatality rate amongst other species. There is a need for continuous effort towards having therapies, as a single licensed treatment to neutralize the EBOV is yet to come into reality. This present study virtually screened the MCULE database containing almost 36 million compounds against the structure of a Zaire Ebola viral protein (VP) 35 and a consensus scoring of both MCULE and CLCDDW docking programs remarked five compounds as potential hits. These compounds, with binding energies ranging from -7.9 to -8.9 kcal/mol, were assessed for predictions of their physicochemical and bioactivity properties, as well as absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) criteria. The results of the 50-ns molecular dynamics simulations showed the presence of dynamic stability between ligand and protein complexes, and the st...

Computational biology and chemistry, 2018

Ebola virus (EBOV) causes zoonotic viral infection with a potential risk of global spread and a h... more Ebola virus (EBOV) causes zoonotic viral infection with a potential risk of global spread and a highly fatal effect on humans. Till date, no drug has gotten market approval for the treatment of Ebola virus disease (EVD), and this perhaps allows the use of both experimental and computational approaches in the antiviral drug discovery process. The main target of potential vaccines that are recently undergoing clinical trials is trimeric glycoprotein (GP) of the EBOV and its exact crystal structure was used in this structure based virtual screening study, with the aid of consensus scoring to select three possible hit compounds from about 36 million compounds in MCULE's database. Amongst these three compounds, (5R)-5-[[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl]-N-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-4,5-dihydroisoxazole-3-carboxamide (SC-2, CHClNO) showed good features with respect to drug likeness, ligand efficiency metrics, solubility, absorption and distribution properties and non-carc...

Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modelling, 2017

Comparative Clinical Pathology, 2015

Twenty-two peafowls (Pavo cristatus) affected by a disease of the upper respiratory tract were re... more Twenty-two peafowls (Pavo cristatus) affected by a disease of the upper respiratory tract were referred to the University of Ilorin Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria, for diagnosis and treatment. During the course of the disease, peacocks showed more severe clinical signs including respiratory distress, swollen head/face, gaping, purulent nasal and ocular discharges, occluded eyelids, moist rales, anorexia, depression and recumbency. Tracheal and ocular swabs sent to the Microbiology Laboratory in the Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Ilorin, for a microbial culture and isolation revealed the presence of an organism with satellitic growth on chocolate agar and Gram-negative rods under a light microscope which was identified as Avibacterium paragallinarum. With this, coupled with the clinical signs observed, a diagnosis of infectious coryza was made. Treatment protocol from day 1 of presentation comprised use of injectable antibiotics at oxytetracycline long acting once and tylosin for 3 days combined with multivitamins and vitamin C in water for 5 days; then on release of laboratory results, Keproceryl® powder and mebendazole powder were used in water for 5 days. Treatment proved highly responsive as no mortality was recorded during and after the course of treatment of the birds, as marked improvement was observed 5 days post-treatment.

Canine echinococcosis is a parasitic cestode infection of public health importance. The present s... more Canine echinococcosis is a parasitic cestode infection of public health importance. The present study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of canine echinococcosis in both rural hunting and urban companion dogs in Oyo State, Nigeria. One hundred and fifty five (155) canine sera were tested for the presence of Echinococcus antigen using the direct enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Dogs sampled were grouped into young (< 1year) and adult ( 1 year). The sex of each dog was also considered. Total prevalence recorded was 9.68% (15/155). There was statistical significant difference (p< 0.05) between sera of hunting (15.73%) and companion dogs (1.52%). Prevalence in adult was 12.40% while there was 0.00% prevalence in the young dogs sampled and this was found to be significant. There was no association between sex and prevalence of canine echinococcosis. The result of the study confirms current infection of canine echinococcosis in the state and the need to put wo...

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

Parasites affect the well-being and productivity of wild animals in captivity, increasing their s... more Parasites affect the well-being and productivity of wild animals in captivity, increasing their stress level and resulting in failure to thrive. A survey was done to investigate the gastrointestinal parasites of animals at the University of Ilorin zoological garden. All animals present were screened for gastrointestinal parasites via faecal analysis using standard coprological techniques. An overall prevalence rate of 62.9% was recorded (carnivores 68%, herbivores 72.2%, primates 38.9% and reptiles 77.8%). Trichuris spp was the only parasite isolated in primates, while oxyurid nematoda was the only parasite isolated in reptiles. Strongyle type eggs were the most prevalent in the herbivores with a prevalence of 66.7% while Ancylostoma spp was the most prevalent nematode parasite in carnivores at 32.0%. Coccidia oocysts were the only gastrointestinal protozoa recorded in this study and were found in carnivores (40%) and herbivores (27.8%). Four avian species were involved in this study (Emu, Ostrich, White peafowls and White pelican) and only the peafowls had gastrointestinal parasites. Parasites isolated were Syngamus trachea, Capillaria spp, Ascaridiagalli and Coccidia oocysts. The outcome of this study indicates the presence of parasites of zoonotic importance (Trichuris spp, Toxocara spp and Ancylostoma spp) among screened animals. The outcome of this survey calls for the optimisation of husbandry, management, surveillance and therapeutic practices in the zoo in order to prevent a possible failure to thrive of the animals and breakdown of public health.

Journal of Parasitology Research, 2014

Echinococcosis is a public health parasitic disease that is cosmopolitan (Echinococcus granulosus... more Echinococcosis is a public health parasitic disease that is cosmopolitan (Echinococcus granulosus) in its distribution. Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) have been recognised as the definitive host of the parasite. The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of canine echinococcosis in Southwest Nigeria using direct enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect sera antigen. Two hundred and seventy-three (273) canine sera were tested for the presence of Echinococcus antigen. Purpose of keeping (hunting or companion), age (young or adult), and sex of each dog were considered during sampling. Total prevalence recorded was 12.45% (34/273). There was significant difference ( < 0.05) between hunting (15.94%) and companion dogs (1.52%) but there was no significant difference ( > 0.05) between young and adult dogs. There was no association between sex and prevalence of canine echinococcosis. The result of this study established the presence of canine echinococcosis in Southwest Nigeria; thus there is the possibility of occurrence of zoonotic form of the disease (human cystic hydatid diseases) in the region.

Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 2014

Leishmaniasis is an important tropical disease that is gradually gaining attention in Nigeria. Th... more Leishmaniasis is an important tropical disease that is gradually gaining attention in Nigeria. The canine species which include domestic dogs have been named the reservoir host for the zoonotic form of leishmaniasis. The present study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of canine leishmaniasis in three selected states of Nigeria using indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Two hundred and seventy-three canine sera were tested for Leishmania IgG antibodies. Dogs sampled were grouped into young (<1 year) and adult (>1 year). Total prevalence recorded was 4.40 % (12/273). There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between sera of hunting (4.83 %) and companion dogs (3.03 %). Furthermore, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between young and adults dogs. There was no correlation between sex and prevalence of canine leishmaniasis. However, significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed in the prevalence of each state with Kwara, Oyo and Ogun having 14.63, 3.33 and 1.32 % respectively. The result of this study established the presence of canine leishmaniasis in Oyo, Ogun and Kwara States of Nigeria making the zoonotic form of the disease a possibility.

Journal of Veterinary Advances, 2014

The deteriorating and adverse effect of chemoprophylaxis and chemotherapy in livestock production... more The deteriorating and adverse effect of chemoprophylaxis and chemotherapy in livestock production has been well documented, however, not many alternatives with minimal or no side effects are available for treatment and control of parasite infections. Vernonia amygdalina, also known as bitter leaf, has been reported to have various medicinal properties, however, its antihelminthic and anticoccidial properties in goats has not been investigated despite anecdotal reports of its antidiarrhoiec effects in the specie. 20 goats were bought from various households, stabilized, divided into treatment group of fifteen and control group of five. They were fed on pasture and allowed to acquire natural parasite infection that was confirmed by feacal count and culture. The treatment groups were fed with V. amygdalina leaves and young stalk ad libitum for two days while the control group was denied access to the plant. Feacal samples were collected on days 1, 2, 4 and 7, post treatment and sent to laboratory for analysis. The ingestion of Vernonia amygdalina was effective in the clearance of helminth eggs and coccidian cysts with an efficacy of 100% for helminths and 99.4% for coccidia. Five goat owners with herds ranging between five to twelve in number diagnosed with helminth infecton were asked to feed V. amygdalina leaves to the goats once a week. All the goats were free of helminth infection within the period of four weeks that they were monitored. The effect of Vernonia amygdalina on helminth and coccidian parasites in goats has corroborated findings by other authors in other animal species and man. The plant provides an alternative and natural antiparasitic agent for goat heminth and coccidian that is environment friendly and without the effect of chemical residues. Further, studies on the dose may have to be carried out.