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Imunoterapija površinskog karcinoma mokraćnog mjehura, 2019
BCG immunotherapy has been a standard in superficial (muscle non-invasive) form of bladder cancer... more BCG immunotherapy has been a standard in superficial (muscle non-invasive) form of bladder cancer for more than fourty years. Schemes for application of BCG are determined for each patient individualy after transurethral resection (TUR), accordingly to guidelines proposed by European Association of Urology. Immunotherapy reduces the number of disease recurrence and progression from superficial to muscle-invasice form of disease, although some patients may not have satisfactory response to therapy. These patients are further classified into BCG-refractory, BCG-relapsing and BCG-intolerant groups. Adverse effects are numerous and common and usually include disuria, haematuria, fever and rare secondary affliction of other organs and systemic inflammatory response which require antibiotics and supportive treatment. There is a tendency to develop new medications such as nano-BCG, monoclonal antibodies or vaccines which could lessen adverse effects during and after treatment and improve patient's outcome.
Imunoterapija površinskog karcinoma mokraćnog mjehura, 2019
BCG immunotherapy has been a standard in superficial (muscle non-invasive) form of bladder cancer... more BCG immunotherapy has been a standard in superficial (muscle non-invasive) form of bladder cancer for more than fourty years. Schemes for application of BCG are determined for each patient individualy after transurethral resection (TUR), accordingly to guidelines proposed by European Association of Urology. Immunotherapy reduces the number of disease recurrence and progression from superficial to muscle-invasice form of disease, although some patients may not have satisfactory response to therapy. These patients are further classified into BCG-refractory, BCG-relapsing and BCG-intolerant groups. Adverse effects are numerous and common and usually include disuria, haematuria, fever and rare secondary affliction of other organs and systemic inflammatory response which require antibiotics and supportive treatment. There is a tendency to develop new medications such as nano-BCG, monoclonal antibodies or vaccines which could lessen adverse effects during and after treatment and improve patient's outcome.