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Conferences Proceedings by Théo Martin
Le développement de la traite robotisée connait en France un essor sans précédent depuis les anné... more Le développement de la traite robotisée connait en France un essor sans précédent depuis les années 2000. Alors que beaucoup de travaux s'intéressent aux transformations techniques de l'exploitation, la question de savoir quels types d'exploitation investissent dans un robot de traite reste soumise à des réponses contradictoires. Nous proposons ici un regard original sur cette question en étudiant les entreprises du robot de traite à travers leurs représentations des exploitations ainsi que leurs stratégies de ciblage. Plusieurs entretiens ont été réalisés avec des représentants et des vendeurs de robot dans deux départements français contrastés au regard de leurs dynamiques laitières territoriales (Ille et Vilaine et Haute Savoie). Nos résultats mettent en évidence la faiblesse des déterminants individuels de l'exploitation dans les représentations de la diversité et l'importance de l'espace. En particulier, l'organisation des territoires laitiers guide les logiques d'implantation et de commercialisation de ces entreprises. Des zones blanches, non couvertes par ces entreprises rendent la robotisation impossible pour de nombreuses exploitations. Au contraire, les bassins laitiers à plus haut potentiel ont connu une robotisation plus précoce. De même, ces entreprises intègrent les spécialisations productives des territoires investis en adaptant les démarches commerciales et les contrats de maintenance aux spécificités territoriales. Nos résultats invitent à considérer ces entreprises de la traite robotisée comme des acteurs majeurs de la construction des espaces productifs.
2nd Symposium on Work in Agriculture, 2021
Agricultural robots are promoted as a solution to satisfy a growing demand for products while min... more Agricultural robots are promoted as a solution to satisfy a growing demand for products while minimizing resource use. Following the recent development of the industry of farming robotics, we question how these technologies transform agriculture in a critical way. We carried out a systematic review of literature questioning the transformations of work related to robot’s adoption in agriculture. The scope encompasses a wide range of disciplines of social science and farm engineering. We consider four aspects of work: i. the farm structures and the labour market; ii. the technical-economic performances; iii. the organization of work; iv. the meaning of work. We also have a particular focus on Automatic Milking System (AMS) and we discuss the vivid controversies about which farms adopt them. Concerning the relationship between labour time and the AMS adoption, we highlight a gap between measurements and perceptions by farmers. While economics studies indicate a significant reduction, farmers observe an increase of their labour time. AMS also induces deep qualitative transformations in work organization: a scattering of duties through the day time and a global reordering of tasks on the farm. AMS increases work flexibility and changes farmers’ lifestyles but also produces mental workload and stress. Changes in animal-human relationship question the possibility of new identities and new self-perceptions by farmers and workers. We highlight two gaps that could be explored by further research: how the notion of digital labour in agriculture could lead to news ways of analysing work; and how adoption of robots reshapes the landscape of collective organisations of farmers.
Papers by Théo Martin
Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 2022
Robots are heralded as part of a new revolution in agriculture. The agricultural robot’s capacity... more Robots are heralded as part of a new revolution in agriculture. The agricultural robot’s capacity to reduce working time or improve working conditions is often advanced as a major contribution to sustainable agriculture. But the transformations of work appear to be more complex. Here we review the transformations of work subsequent to adoption of agricultural robots on the farm. We carry out a systematic review of literature using a multidisciplinary analytical framework of transformations of work. We consider four dimensions of work: 1) farm structure and the labor market; 2) work organization; 3) meaning of work; and 4) technical-economic performances. Given that the deployment of robots in agriculture is still in its early stages, most of the studies concern the automated milking system (AMS). The transformations of agricultural work represent an emerging topic dominated by a technical and economic vision of work. The major points are as follows: Concerning farm structures, we find no evidence of a relationship between robotization and a certain farm size. Concerning the labor market, there is a risk of skill- and wage-related segmentation and exclusion. The AMS is an example of an in-depth re-organization of work with a decrease in the physical workload but which is concomitant with a new mental workload of monitoring alarms. Concerning the meaning of work with AMS, the changes in the animal-human relationship lead to the possibility of new identities and new self-perceptions by farmers and workers. There is no evidence to support a reduction in working time when an AMS is installed. Finally, a synthesis of the results allows us to propose a research agenda that can better orient future research to understand the diversity of transformations of work resulting from the adoption of robots in agriculture.
Le développement de la traite robotisée connait en France un essor sans précédent depuis les anné... more Le développement de la traite robotisée connait en France un essor sans précédent depuis les années 2000. Alors que beaucoup de travaux s'intéressent aux transformations techniques de l'exploitation, la question de savoir quels types d'exploitation investissent dans un robot de traite reste soumise à des réponses contradictoires. Nous proposons ici un regard original sur cette question en étudiant les entreprises du robot de traite à travers leurs représentations des exploitations ainsi que leurs stratégies de ciblage. Plusieurs entretiens ont été réalisés avec des représentants et des vendeurs de robot dans deux départements français contrastés au regard de leurs dynamiques laitières territoriales (Ille et Vilaine et Haute Savoie). Nos résultats mettent en évidence la faiblesse des déterminants individuels de l'exploitation dans les représentations de la diversité et l'importance de l'espace. En particulier, l'organisation des territoires laitiers guide les logiques d'implantation et de commercialisation de ces entreprises. Des zones blanches, non couvertes par ces entreprises rendent la robotisation impossible pour de nombreuses exploitations. Au contraire, les bassins laitiers à plus haut potentiel ont connu une robotisation plus précoce. De même, ces entreprises intègrent les spécialisations productives des territoires investis en adaptant les démarches commerciales et les contrats de maintenance aux spécificités territoriales. Nos résultats invitent à considérer ces entreprises de la traite robotisée comme des acteurs majeurs de la construction des espaces productifs.
2nd Symposium on Work in Agriculture, 2021
Agricultural robots are promoted as a solution to satisfy a growing demand for products while min... more Agricultural robots are promoted as a solution to satisfy a growing demand for products while minimizing resource use. Following the recent development of the industry of farming robotics, we question how these technologies transform agriculture in a critical way. We carried out a systematic review of literature questioning the transformations of work related to robot’s adoption in agriculture. The scope encompasses a wide range of disciplines of social science and farm engineering. We consider four aspects of work: i. the farm structures and the labour market; ii. the technical-economic performances; iii. the organization of work; iv. the meaning of work. We also have a particular focus on Automatic Milking System (AMS) and we discuss the vivid controversies about which farms adopt them. Concerning the relationship between labour time and the AMS adoption, we highlight a gap between measurements and perceptions by farmers. While economics studies indicate a significant reduction, farmers observe an increase of their labour time. AMS also induces deep qualitative transformations in work organization: a scattering of duties through the day time and a global reordering of tasks on the farm. AMS increases work flexibility and changes farmers’ lifestyles but also produces mental workload and stress. Changes in animal-human relationship question the possibility of new identities and new self-perceptions by farmers and workers. We highlight two gaps that could be explored by further research: how the notion of digital labour in agriculture could lead to news ways of analysing work; and how adoption of robots reshapes the landscape of collective organisations of farmers.
Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 2022
Robots are heralded as part of a new revolution in agriculture. The agricultural robot’s capacity... more Robots are heralded as part of a new revolution in agriculture. The agricultural robot’s capacity to reduce working time or improve working conditions is often advanced as a major contribution to sustainable agriculture. But the transformations of work appear to be more complex. Here we review the transformations of work subsequent to adoption of agricultural robots on the farm. We carry out a systematic review of literature using a multidisciplinary analytical framework of transformations of work. We consider four dimensions of work: 1) farm structure and the labor market; 2) work organization; 3) meaning of work; and 4) technical-economic performances. Given that the deployment of robots in agriculture is still in its early stages, most of the studies concern the automated milking system (AMS). The transformations of agricultural work represent an emerging topic dominated by a technical and economic vision of work. The major points are as follows: Concerning farm structures, we find no evidence of a relationship between robotization and a certain farm size. Concerning the labor market, there is a risk of skill- and wage-related segmentation and exclusion. The AMS is an example of an in-depth re-organization of work with a decrease in the physical workload but which is concomitant with a new mental workload of monitoring alarms. Concerning the meaning of work with AMS, the changes in the animal-human relationship lead to the possibility of new identities and new self-perceptions by farmers and workers. There is no evidence to support a reduction in working time when an AMS is installed. Finally, a synthesis of the results allows us to propose a research agenda that can better orient future research to understand the diversity of transformations of work resulting from the adoption of robots in agriculture.