Raamani Thannimalai - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Raamani Thannimalai
Dalam menyerahkan tesis ini sebagai memenuhi syarat sepenuhnya untuk ijazah lanjutan Universiti U... more Dalam menyerahkan tesis ini sebagai memenuhi syarat sepenuhnya untuk ijazah lanjutan Universiti Utara Malaysia, saya bersetuju supaya pihak perpustakaan Universiti Utara Malaysia boleh secara bebas membenarkan sesiapa sahaja untuk memeriksa. Saya juga bersetuju bahawa penyelia saya atau jika ketiadaannya, Awang Had Salleh Graduate School of Arts and Sciences diberi kebenaran untuk membuat sesalinan tesis ini dalam sebarang bentuk, sama ada keseluruhannya atau sebahagiannya bagi tujuan kesarjanaan. Adalah dimaklumkan bahawa sebarang penyalinan atau penerbitan atau kegunaan tesis ini sama ada sepenuhnya atau sebahagian daripadanya bagi tujuan kewangan, tidak dibenarkan kecuali setelah mendapat kebenaran bertulis daripada saya. Juga dimaklumkan bahawa pengiktirafan harus diberi kepada saya dan Universiti Utara Malaysia dalam sebarang kegunaan kesarjanaan terhadap sebarang petikan daripada tesis saya. Sebarang permohonan untuk menyalin atau mengguna mana-mana bahan dalam tesis ini, sama ada sepenuhnya atau sebahagiannya, hendaklah di alamatkan kepada:
Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference, Mar 18, 2019
Journal of Pedagogy and Education Science, Sep 1, 2022
The goal of this study is to evaluate how instructional leadership, teacher efficacy, and school ... more The goal of this study is to evaluate how instructional leadership, teacher efficacy, and school climate influence students' academic performance. The study included 381 teachers from six divisions in Sarawak, Malaysia. This study used a cross-sectional survey approach. Questionnaires were used to collect data from respondents. For descriptive analysis, SPSS version 26.0 was utilised, while SmartPLS 3.0 was employed for partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis. By focusing on secondary school teachers, the paper adds new knowledge to literature. Surprisingly, the results of the investigation revealed that principals' instructional leadership and school climate had no substantial impact on student academic performance. Meanwhile, it was discovered that teacher efficacy has a considerable impact on student academic performance, implying that teacher efficacy is a predictor of student academic performance. Furthermore, teacher experience was not a significant moderator variable. Future research should focus on principals' self-assessment of instructional leadership and the moderating effect of school climate on student performance. The ramifications of the disparity between Asian instructional leadership and western literature should also be investigated.
Психологическая наука и образование, 2021
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the behavioral intention of higher education students to... more The purpose of this study is to evaluate the behavioral intention of higher education students to use e-learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. Not many re- searchers have utilized the UTAUT2 model to study the use of technology during this pandemic in the education setting. Therefore, snowball sampling was carried out and the research population consisted of higher education students (n = 159) who have been using e-learning platforms during the ongoing pandemic. The data was collected using a questionnaire based on the adapted UTAUT2 model. Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was used for statistical analysis. Social Influence and Habit significantly influenced Behavioral Intention to use e-learning. However, Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Facilitating Conditions, Hedonic Motivation and Price Value did not have any influence. Habit was found to be the strongest predictor for Behavioral Intention. The findings of this study will guide higher educ...
Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference, Mar 18, 2019
Applied Psychology, 1996
Les donnees d'une etude en cours furent rassemblees dans trois conditions d'echantillonna... more Les donnees d'une etude en cours furent rassemblees dans trois conditions d'echantillonnage variees afin d'examiner si des cadres hommes et femmes, observes par leurs evaluateurs directs, avaient le meme style de commandement. L'etude en cours se demarque d'une recherche beaucoup plus ancienne sur les differences entre hommes et femmes en leadership, en ceci que nous y avons examine des differences dans les deux styles de leadership transformationnel et transactionnel, en utilisant le Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. Dans les trois echantillons, les cadres feminins furent reconnues par des evaluateurs a la fois feminins et masculins comme manifestant des aspects-cles fondamentaux du leadership transformationnel (p. ex. charisme, consideration individualisee) plus frequemment que les hommes. Bien que la taille des echantillons fut generalement petites, les donnees de ces etudes suggerent que les femmes ne sont pas moins transformationnelles que leurs homologues masculins et pourraient en fait l'etre davantage. Le sexe des noteurs n'apparait pas comme influencant les resultats obtenus. Data for the current study were gathered in three diverse sample conditions to examine whether male and female managers differed in styles of leadership observed by their direct reports. The current study differs from most prior research on male-female differences in leadership, in that we examined differences in both transformational and transactional leadership styles using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. In three samples, women leaders were rated by both their female and male direct reports as displaying certain key aspects of transformational leadership (i. e. charisma, individualised consideration) more frequently than men. Although the effect sizes were generally small, the results of these studies suggest that women are no less transformational than their male counterparts, and may, in fact, be more so. The sex of the raters did not appear to make any difference in the results obtained.
Законодательная и прикладная метрология, 2013
Redesigning Higher Education Initiatives for Industry 4.0, 2019
In a teacher education institute in Malaysia, blended learning is considered as a strategic and e... more In a teacher education institute in Malaysia, blended learning is considered as a strategic and effective learning instruction with unique features to help improve student-teacher's discussion skills, improve their communities of practice, and achieve their course purposes. One of the tools of blended learning is flipped classroom. Flipped classroom should be implemented especially among student teachers. The definition of flipped classroom was explained in detail, and furthermore, flipped classroom activities are based on social and cognitive constructivist theory that is suitable to be implemented in teacher education institutions in Malaysia because it is student-centered and involved students actively during the learning process. A research done in one of the teacher education institutions was discussed to find out the effect of flipped classroom in achievement history test and motivation among the 20 student teachers who enrolled for Early European History until 21st Centur...
The aim of this research is to study the leadership-followership among principals and school teac... more The aim of this research is to study the leadership-followership among principals and school teachers by focusing on followership. This qualitative study used three methods to collect data which were then triangulated. The first method employed a semi-structured interview with two principals, one from a secondary school and a primary school in Kedah, Malaysia respectively. Data was also collected through observation of video recordings of the principals and lastly through document analysis of articles and databases. The findings showed that followership exists in both schools; teachers were independent and had autonomy; levels of teachers’ involvement in school discussions and decision-making was average in both schools; levels of teachers’ collaboration in helping the school principals were high; levels of teachers’ knowledge and skills were good; levels of professionalism in both schools could be considered high; levels of teacher’s taking responsibility of their teaching, classro...
International Journal of Instruction, Technology, and Social Sciences, Jul 21, 2020
International Journal of Instruction
The aim of this research is to study the leadership-followership among principals and school teac... more The aim of this research is to study the leadership-followership among principals and school teachers by focusing on followership. This qualitative study used three methods to collect data which were then triangulated. The first method employed a semi-structured interview with two principals, one from a secondary school and a primary school in Kedah, Malaysia respectively. Data was also collected through observation of video recordings of the principals and lastly through document analysis of articles and databases. The findings showed that followership exists in both schools; teachers were independent and had autonomy; levels of teachers’ involvement in school discussions and decision-making was average in both schools; levels of teachers’ collaboration in helping the school principals were high; levels of teachers’ knowledge and skills were good; levels of professionalism in both schools could be considered high; levels of teacher’s taking responsibility of their teaching, classro...
Redesigning Higher Education Initiatives for Industry 4.0, 2019
In a teacher education institute in Malaysia, blended learning is considered as a strategic and e... more In a teacher education institute in Malaysia, blended learning is considered as a strategic and effective learning instruction with unique features to help improve student-teacher's discussion skills, improve their communities of practice, and achieve their course purposes. One of the tools of blended learning is flipped classroom. Flipped classroom should be implemented especially among student teachers. The definition of flipped classroom was explained in detail, and furthermore, flipped classroom activities are based on social and cognitive constructivist theory that is suitable to be implemented in teacher education institutions in Malaysia because it is student-centered and involved students actively during the learning process. A research done in one of the teacher education institutions was discussed to find out the effect of flipped classroom in achievement history test and motivation among the 20 student teachers who enrolled for Early European History until 21st Centur...
Purpose - Principals as technology leaders and teachers as facilitators must have the skills and ... more Purpose - Principals as technology leaders and teachers as facilitators must have the skills and knowledge to implement the 21st Century Education (Roblyer & Doering, 2015).A principal’s responsibility is becoming even more challenging as schools have to produce skilled and creative workforce to meet the demands of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and the Digital Economy.Therefore, principals should possess ICT skills and knowledge to guide and motivate teachers to integrate technology in the classroom in line with the seventh shift of the Malaysia Education Blueprint (2013-2025) (Ministry Of Education, 2013) and the National Transformation 2050.In the past three decades, most studies related to technology use in secondary schools (Fullan, 2001; Senge, 1990; Michael, 1983; Johnson and Cooley, 2001; Hamzah, Juraime, Hamid, Nordin & Attan, 2014) agree that principal’s leadership plays a major role in the technology integration in the classroom. In addition, studies such as Richardson and...
This article presents a bibliometric analysis of publications on blended learning in higher educa... more This article presents a bibliometric analysis of publications on blended learning in higher education. The analysis is grounded on statistics obtained from the online Scopus database on 11 December 2019. The study used Microsoft Excel to conduct a frequency analysis, VOSviewer for data visualization, and Harzing’s Publish or Perish for citation metrics and analysis. In total 1,064 valid documents were analyzed, based on keyword search results for “blended learning”, “perception”, “achievement”, “engagement”, “higher education” and “bibliometric analysis”. This article reports descriptive and content analysis on document type and source type. Analysis shows that number of publications per year increased from 2000 to 2018. English is the most widely used language for publications, and most publications are from the social sciences. The United States contributes the most publications. The most active journals, influential institutions, citation metrics and highly cited articles are lis...
SAGE Open
Technology leadership is being redesigned to accelerate technology integration in schools to deve... more Technology leadership is being redesigned to accelerate technology integration in schools to develop and sustain the skills needed to produce skilled manpower. Previous studies showed that the factors that prevented leaders and teachers from integrating information and communication technologies (ICT) in schools are lack of ICT training, teacher ICT competency, and access to ICT resources. This shows that there is a gap in technology integration in schools. This study aims to identify the importance of technology leadership for technology integration based on gender and professional development. This is a quantitative study using cross-sectional design. A total of 90 respondents were selected by systematic random sampling from 190 national secondary schools. The importance and performance matrix analysis revealed that professional development had high performance and was an important variable in the prediction of teachers’ technology integration, but gender was not. Thus, school man...
International Journal of Instruction
This study aims to identify the effect of Principals' Technology Leadership on Teachers' Technolo... more This study aims to identify the effect of Principals' Technology Leadership on Teachers' Technology Integration in Malaysian secondary schools. This is a crosssectional survey where systematic random sampling was carried out to select 47 principals and 375 teachers from National Secondary Schools in the northern region of Kedah, Malaysia. Two questionnaires were used: Principals Technology Leadership Assessment (PTLA), which is based on the International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE)-Standards for Administrators (2014) was administered to principals, while the Learning with ICT: Measuring ICT Use in the Curriculum Instrument was administered to the teachers from the same schools as the principals. Descriptive analysis was carried out using SPSS Version 25, and SmartPLS was used for inferential analysis. Although the findings showed that the levels of Technology Leadership; the five constructs of ISTE (2014), and Teachers' Technology Integration were at high levels but, there was no significant relationship between Principals' Technology Leadership and Teachers' Technology Integration in the selected schools in the northern region of Kedah. Principals' preparatory programmes should emphasize leadership based on technology to enhance the integration of technology in classrooms. Further research on professional development for principals' is recommended.
Malaysian Journal of Learning and Instruction
Development had a significant effect on the relationship between the two variables. Significance-... more Development had a significant effect on the relationship between the two variables. Significance-Professional development emphasising ICT must be carried out for school principals so that they can become technology leaders and motivate teachers to integrate technology in the classroom to prepare students as skilled workers for Industrial Revolution 4.0.
Dalam menyerahkan tesis ini sebagai memenuhi syarat sepenuhnya untuk ijazah lanjutan Universiti U... more Dalam menyerahkan tesis ini sebagai memenuhi syarat sepenuhnya untuk ijazah lanjutan Universiti Utara Malaysia, saya bersetuju supaya pihak perpustakaan Universiti Utara Malaysia boleh secara bebas membenarkan sesiapa sahaja untuk memeriksa. Saya juga bersetuju bahawa penyelia saya atau jika ketiadaannya, Awang Had Salleh Graduate School of Arts and Sciences diberi kebenaran untuk membuat sesalinan tesis ini dalam sebarang bentuk, sama ada keseluruhannya atau sebahagiannya bagi tujuan kesarjanaan. Adalah dimaklumkan bahawa sebarang penyalinan atau penerbitan atau kegunaan tesis ini sama ada sepenuhnya atau sebahagian daripadanya bagi tujuan kewangan, tidak dibenarkan kecuali setelah mendapat kebenaran bertulis daripada saya. Juga dimaklumkan bahawa pengiktirafan harus diberi kepada saya dan Universiti Utara Malaysia dalam sebarang kegunaan kesarjanaan terhadap sebarang petikan daripada tesis saya. Sebarang permohonan untuk menyalin atau mengguna mana-mana bahan dalam tesis ini, sama ada sepenuhnya atau sebahagiannya, hendaklah di alamatkan kepada:
Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference, Mar 18, 2019
Journal of Pedagogy and Education Science, Sep 1, 2022
The goal of this study is to evaluate how instructional leadership, teacher efficacy, and school ... more The goal of this study is to evaluate how instructional leadership, teacher efficacy, and school climate influence students' academic performance. The study included 381 teachers from six divisions in Sarawak, Malaysia. This study used a cross-sectional survey approach. Questionnaires were used to collect data from respondents. For descriptive analysis, SPSS version 26.0 was utilised, while SmartPLS 3.0 was employed for partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis. By focusing on secondary school teachers, the paper adds new knowledge to literature. Surprisingly, the results of the investigation revealed that principals' instructional leadership and school climate had no substantial impact on student academic performance. Meanwhile, it was discovered that teacher efficacy has a considerable impact on student academic performance, implying that teacher efficacy is a predictor of student academic performance. Furthermore, teacher experience was not a significant moderator variable. Future research should focus on principals' self-assessment of instructional leadership and the moderating effect of school climate on student performance. The ramifications of the disparity between Asian instructional leadership and western literature should also be investigated.
Психологическая наука и образование, 2021
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the behavioral intention of higher education students to... more The purpose of this study is to evaluate the behavioral intention of higher education students to use e-learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. Not many re- searchers have utilized the UTAUT2 model to study the use of technology during this pandemic in the education setting. Therefore, snowball sampling was carried out and the research population consisted of higher education students (n = 159) who have been using e-learning platforms during the ongoing pandemic. The data was collected using a questionnaire based on the adapted UTAUT2 model. Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was used for statistical analysis. Social Influence and Habit significantly influenced Behavioral Intention to use e-learning. However, Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Facilitating Conditions, Hedonic Motivation and Price Value did not have any influence. Habit was found to be the strongest predictor for Behavioral Intention. The findings of this study will guide higher educ...
Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference, Mar 18, 2019
Applied Psychology, 1996
Les donnees d'une etude en cours furent rassemblees dans trois conditions d'echantillonna... more Les donnees d'une etude en cours furent rassemblees dans trois conditions d'echantillonnage variees afin d'examiner si des cadres hommes et femmes, observes par leurs evaluateurs directs, avaient le meme style de commandement. L'etude en cours se demarque d'une recherche beaucoup plus ancienne sur les differences entre hommes et femmes en leadership, en ceci que nous y avons examine des differences dans les deux styles de leadership transformationnel et transactionnel, en utilisant le Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. Dans les trois echantillons, les cadres feminins furent reconnues par des evaluateurs a la fois feminins et masculins comme manifestant des aspects-cles fondamentaux du leadership transformationnel (p. ex. charisme, consideration individualisee) plus frequemment que les hommes. Bien que la taille des echantillons fut generalement petites, les donnees de ces etudes suggerent que les femmes ne sont pas moins transformationnelles que leurs homologues masculins et pourraient en fait l'etre davantage. Le sexe des noteurs n'apparait pas comme influencant les resultats obtenus. Data for the current study were gathered in three diverse sample conditions to examine whether male and female managers differed in styles of leadership observed by their direct reports. The current study differs from most prior research on male-female differences in leadership, in that we examined differences in both transformational and transactional leadership styles using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. In three samples, women leaders were rated by both their female and male direct reports as displaying certain key aspects of transformational leadership (i. e. charisma, individualised consideration) more frequently than men. Although the effect sizes were generally small, the results of these studies suggest that women are no less transformational than their male counterparts, and may, in fact, be more so. The sex of the raters did not appear to make any difference in the results obtained.
Законодательная и прикладная метрология, 2013
Redesigning Higher Education Initiatives for Industry 4.0, 2019
In a teacher education institute in Malaysia, blended learning is considered as a strategic and e... more In a teacher education institute in Malaysia, blended learning is considered as a strategic and effective learning instruction with unique features to help improve student-teacher's discussion skills, improve their communities of practice, and achieve their course purposes. One of the tools of blended learning is flipped classroom. Flipped classroom should be implemented especially among student teachers. The definition of flipped classroom was explained in detail, and furthermore, flipped classroom activities are based on social and cognitive constructivist theory that is suitable to be implemented in teacher education institutions in Malaysia because it is student-centered and involved students actively during the learning process. A research done in one of the teacher education institutions was discussed to find out the effect of flipped classroom in achievement history test and motivation among the 20 student teachers who enrolled for Early European History until 21st Centur...
The aim of this research is to study the leadership-followership among principals and school teac... more The aim of this research is to study the leadership-followership among principals and school teachers by focusing on followership. This qualitative study used three methods to collect data which were then triangulated. The first method employed a semi-structured interview with two principals, one from a secondary school and a primary school in Kedah, Malaysia respectively. Data was also collected through observation of video recordings of the principals and lastly through document analysis of articles and databases. The findings showed that followership exists in both schools; teachers were independent and had autonomy; levels of teachers’ involvement in school discussions and decision-making was average in both schools; levels of teachers’ collaboration in helping the school principals were high; levels of teachers’ knowledge and skills were good; levels of professionalism in both schools could be considered high; levels of teacher’s taking responsibility of their teaching, classro...
International Journal of Instruction, Technology, and Social Sciences, Jul 21, 2020
International Journal of Instruction
The aim of this research is to study the leadership-followership among principals and school teac... more The aim of this research is to study the leadership-followership among principals and school teachers by focusing on followership. This qualitative study used three methods to collect data which were then triangulated. The first method employed a semi-structured interview with two principals, one from a secondary school and a primary school in Kedah, Malaysia respectively. Data was also collected through observation of video recordings of the principals and lastly through document analysis of articles and databases. The findings showed that followership exists in both schools; teachers were independent and had autonomy; levels of teachers’ involvement in school discussions and decision-making was average in both schools; levels of teachers’ collaboration in helping the school principals were high; levels of teachers’ knowledge and skills were good; levels of professionalism in both schools could be considered high; levels of teacher’s taking responsibility of their teaching, classro...
Redesigning Higher Education Initiatives for Industry 4.0, 2019
In a teacher education institute in Malaysia, blended learning is considered as a strategic and e... more In a teacher education institute in Malaysia, blended learning is considered as a strategic and effective learning instruction with unique features to help improve student-teacher's discussion skills, improve their communities of practice, and achieve their course purposes. One of the tools of blended learning is flipped classroom. Flipped classroom should be implemented especially among student teachers. The definition of flipped classroom was explained in detail, and furthermore, flipped classroom activities are based on social and cognitive constructivist theory that is suitable to be implemented in teacher education institutions in Malaysia because it is student-centered and involved students actively during the learning process. A research done in one of the teacher education institutions was discussed to find out the effect of flipped classroom in achievement history test and motivation among the 20 student teachers who enrolled for Early European History until 21st Centur...
Purpose - Principals as technology leaders and teachers as facilitators must have the skills and ... more Purpose - Principals as technology leaders and teachers as facilitators must have the skills and knowledge to implement the 21st Century Education (Roblyer & Doering, 2015).A principal’s responsibility is becoming even more challenging as schools have to produce skilled and creative workforce to meet the demands of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and the Digital Economy.Therefore, principals should possess ICT skills and knowledge to guide and motivate teachers to integrate technology in the classroom in line with the seventh shift of the Malaysia Education Blueprint (2013-2025) (Ministry Of Education, 2013) and the National Transformation 2050.In the past three decades, most studies related to technology use in secondary schools (Fullan, 2001; Senge, 1990; Michael, 1983; Johnson and Cooley, 2001; Hamzah, Juraime, Hamid, Nordin & Attan, 2014) agree that principal’s leadership plays a major role in the technology integration in the classroom. In addition, studies such as Richardson and...
This article presents a bibliometric analysis of publications on blended learning in higher educa... more This article presents a bibliometric analysis of publications on blended learning in higher education. The analysis is grounded on statistics obtained from the online Scopus database on 11 December 2019. The study used Microsoft Excel to conduct a frequency analysis, VOSviewer for data visualization, and Harzing’s Publish or Perish for citation metrics and analysis. In total 1,064 valid documents were analyzed, based on keyword search results for “blended learning”, “perception”, “achievement”, “engagement”, “higher education” and “bibliometric analysis”. This article reports descriptive and content analysis on document type and source type. Analysis shows that number of publications per year increased from 2000 to 2018. English is the most widely used language for publications, and most publications are from the social sciences. The United States contributes the most publications. The most active journals, influential institutions, citation metrics and highly cited articles are lis...
SAGE Open
Technology leadership is being redesigned to accelerate technology integration in schools to deve... more Technology leadership is being redesigned to accelerate technology integration in schools to develop and sustain the skills needed to produce skilled manpower. Previous studies showed that the factors that prevented leaders and teachers from integrating information and communication technologies (ICT) in schools are lack of ICT training, teacher ICT competency, and access to ICT resources. This shows that there is a gap in technology integration in schools. This study aims to identify the importance of technology leadership for technology integration based on gender and professional development. This is a quantitative study using cross-sectional design. A total of 90 respondents were selected by systematic random sampling from 190 national secondary schools. The importance and performance matrix analysis revealed that professional development had high performance and was an important variable in the prediction of teachers’ technology integration, but gender was not. Thus, school man...
International Journal of Instruction
This study aims to identify the effect of Principals' Technology Leadership on Teachers' Technolo... more This study aims to identify the effect of Principals' Technology Leadership on Teachers' Technology Integration in Malaysian secondary schools. This is a crosssectional survey where systematic random sampling was carried out to select 47 principals and 375 teachers from National Secondary Schools in the northern region of Kedah, Malaysia. Two questionnaires were used: Principals Technology Leadership Assessment (PTLA), which is based on the International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE)-Standards for Administrators (2014) was administered to principals, while the Learning with ICT: Measuring ICT Use in the Curriculum Instrument was administered to the teachers from the same schools as the principals. Descriptive analysis was carried out using SPSS Version 25, and SmartPLS was used for inferential analysis. Although the findings showed that the levels of Technology Leadership; the five constructs of ISTE (2014), and Teachers' Technology Integration were at high levels but, there was no significant relationship between Principals' Technology Leadership and Teachers' Technology Integration in the selected schools in the northern region of Kedah. Principals' preparatory programmes should emphasize leadership based on technology to enhance the integration of technology in classrooms. Further research on professional development for principals' is recommended.
Malaysian Journal of Learning and Instruction
Development had a significant effect on the relationship between the two variables. Significance-... more Development had a significant effect on the relationship between the two variables. Significance-Professional development emphasising ICT must be carried out for school principals so that they can become technology leaders and motivate teachers to integrate technology in the classroom to prepare students as skilled workers for Industrial Revolution 4.0.