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Papers by Theodore Groves

Current methods for multiplexing video streams often rely on identifying the relative complexity ... more Current methods for multiplexing video streams often rely on identifying the relative complexity of the video streams to improve the combined overall quality. In such methods, not all the videos benefit from the multiplexing process. Typically, the quality of high motion videos is improved at the expense of reduction in the quality of low motion videos. In our approach, we use a competitive equilibrium allocation of bitrate to simultaneously improve the quality of all the video streams by finding trades between videos across time. The proposed method not only uses information about the differing complexity of the video streams at every moment but also the differing complexity of each stream over time.

The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 2020

This article examines the structure and performance of conservation agreements, which are relatio... more This article examines the structure and performance of conservation agreements, which are relational contracts used across the world to protect natural resources. Key elements of these agreements are (1) they are ongoing arrangements between a local community and an outside party, typically a nongovernmental organization (NGO); (2) they feature payments in exchange for conservation services; (3) the prospects for success depend on the NGO engaging in costly monitoring to detect whether the community is foregoing short-term gains to protect the resource; (4) lacking a strong external enforcement system, they rely on self-enforcement; and (5) the parties have the opportunity to renegotiate at any time. A repeated-game model is developed and utilized to organize an evaluation of real conservation agreements, using three case studies as representative examples. (JEL D74, D86, Q20, Q56)

IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 1972

Businesses and governments devote substantial resources to the collection and analysis of survey ... more Businesses and governments devote substantial resources to the collection and analysis of survey data concerning the public’s preferences. The possibility of strategic responses to such surveys is analyzed. Consequential and hypothetical surveys are formally defined. For the former the question is posed: what form should strategic behavior take? The particular form is shown to be context dependent. Key features of context such the question response format and the nature of the potential change in the agent’s choice set are examined and several propositions concerning optimal strategic response are derived. In a number of important cases, the strategic response is shown to coincide with truth-telling and, in other instances, valuable information can be extracted from a strategic response if its nature is understood. Hopeless cases are identified. ∗ We gratefully acknowledge the support of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency cooperative agreement R-824698 in carrying out the research...

Marine Policy, 2008

This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the a... more This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit:

[Extract] The threats of incidental catch of sea turtles are widely recognized and are becoming a... more [Extract] The threats of incidental catch of sea turtles are widely recognized and are becoming a major issue in fisheries management with increasing studies that record the impacts of fishing operations on sea turtles (Frazier and Montero 1990; Aguilar et al. 1995; Ovaretz 1999; Peckham et al. 2007; Alfaro-Shigueto and Mangel, chapter 15 [this volume]; Yeo et al., chapter 16 [this volume]). Recognition is growing of the need to minimize the...

Most stocks of tunas are fully exploited, and two stocks, Atlantic bluefin and southern bluefin, ... more Most stocks of tunas are fully exploited, and two stocks, Atlantic bluefin and southern bluefin, are clearly overexploited. With the exception of skipjack, increased fishing effort for the principal market species of tunas will not result in sustained increases in catch, and would probably lead to reduced catches over the long term. It is clear that controls on the amount of fishing mortality exerted on most of the stocks of tuna are needed. Controls on tuna fishing are administered principally by five international organizations, the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas, the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission, the Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna and the Commission for the Conservation and Management of Highly Migratory Fish Stocks in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean. Two types of controls are possible, input controls, such as restrictions on the numbers of fishing vessels or the periods ...

Theory and Measurement of Economic Externalities, 1976

IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, 2014

Current methods for multiplexing video streams often rely on identifying the relative complexity ... more Current methods for multiplexing video streams often rely on identifying the relative complexity of the video streams to improve the combined overall quality. In such methods, not all the videos benefit from the multiplexing process. Typically, the quality of high motion videos is improved at the expense of reduction in the quality of low motion videos. In our approach, we use a competitive equilibrium allocation of bitrate to simultaneously improve the quality of all the video streams by finding trades between videos across time. The proposed method not only uses information about the differing complexity of the video streams at every moment but also the differing complexity of each stream over time.

The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 2020

This article examines the structure and performance of conservation agreements, which are relatio... more This article examines the structure and performance of conservation agreements, which are relational contracts used across the world to protect natural resources. Key elements of these agreements are (1) they are ongoing arrangements between a local community and an outside party, typically a nongovernmental organization (NGO); (2) they feature payments in exchange for conservation services; (3) the prospects for success depend on the NGO engaging in costly monitoring to detect whether the community is foregoing short-term gains to protect the resource; (4) lacking a strong external enforcement system, they rely on self-enforcement; and (5) the parties have the opportunity to renegotiate at any time. A repeated-game model is developed and utilized to organize an evaluation of real conservation agreements, using three case studies as representative examples. (JEL D74, D86, Q20, Q56)

IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 1972

Businesses and governments devote substantial resources to the collection and analysis of survey ... more Businesses and governments devote substantial resources to the collection and analysis of survey data concerning the public’s preferences. The possibility of strategic responses to such surveys is analyzed. Consequential and hypothetical surveys are formally defined. For the former the question is posed: what form should strategic behavior take? The particular form is shown to be context dependent. Key features of context such the question response format and the nature of the potential change in the agent’s choice set are examined and several propositions concerning optimal strategic response are derived. In a number of important cases, the strategic response is shown to coincide with truth-telling and, in other instances, valuable information can be extracted from a strategic response if its nature is understood. Hopeless cases are identified. ∗ We gratefully acknowledge the support of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency cooperative agreement R-824698 in carrying out the research...

Marine Policy, 2008

This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the a... more This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit:

[Extract] The threats of incidental catch of sea turtles are widely recognized and are becoming a... more [Extract] The threats of incidental catch of sea turtles are widely recognized and are becoming a major issue in fisheries management with increasing studies that record the impacts of fishing operations on sea turtles (Frazier and Montero 1990; Aguilar et al. 1995; Ovaretz 1999; Peckham et al. 2007; Alfaro-Shigueto and Mangel, chapter 15 [this volume]; Yeo et al., chapter 16 [this volume]). Recognition is growing of the need to minimize the...

Most stocks of tunas are fully exploited, and two stocks, Atlantic bluefin and southern bluefin, ... more Most stocks of tunas are fully exploited, and two stocks, Atlantic bluefin and southern bluefin, are clearly overexploited. With the exception of skipjack, increased fishing effort for the principal market species of tunas will not result in sustained increases in catch, and would probably lead to reduced catches over the long term. It is clear that controls on the amount of fishing mortality exerted on most of the stocks of tuna are needed. Controls on tuna fishing are administered principally by five international organizations, the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas, the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission, the Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna and the Commission for the Conservation and Management of Highly Migratory Fish Stocks in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean. Two types of controls are possible, input controls, such as restrictions on the numbers of fishing vessels or the periods ...

Theory and Measurement of Economic Externalities, 1976

IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, 2014