Thilo Streck - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Thilo Streck

Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, Jun 8, 2015

A 56-day aerobic incubation experiment was performed with 15-nitrogen (N) tracer techniques after... more A 56-day aerobic incubation experiment was performed with 15-nitrogen (N) tracer techniques after application of wheat straw to investigate nitrate-N (NO3-N) immobilization in a typical intensively managed calcareous Fluvaquent soil. The dynamics of concentration and isotopic abundance of soil N pools and nitrous oxide (N2O) emission were determined. As the amount of straw increased, the concentration and isotopic abundance of total soil organic N and newly formed labeled particulate organic matter (POM-N) increased while NO3-N decreased. When 15NO3-N was applied combined with a large amount of straw at 5000 mg carbon (C) kg−1 only 1.1 ± 0.4 mg kg−1 NO3-N remained on day 56. The soil microbial biomass N (SMBN) concentration and newly formed labeled SMBN increased significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing amount of straw. Total N2O-N emissions were at levels of only micrograms kg−1 soil. The results indicate that application of straw can promote the immobilization of excessive nitrate with little emission of N2O.

Pedosphere, Apr 1, 2013

Excessive amounts of nitrate have accumulated in many soils on the North China Plain due to the l... more Excessive amounts of nitrate have accumulated in many soils on the North China Plain due to the large amounts of chemical N fertilizers or manures used in combination with low carbon inputs. We investigated the potential of different carbon substrates added to transform soil nitrate into soil organic N (SON). A 56-d laboratory incubation experiment using the 15 N tracer (K 15 NO 3) technique was carried out to elucidate the proportion of SON derived from accumulated soil nitrate following amendment with glucose or maize straw at controlled soil temperature and moisture. The dynamics and isotopic abundance of mineral N (NO − 3 and NH + 4) and SON and greenhouse gas (N 2 O and CO 2) emissions during the incubation were investigated. Although carbon amendments markedly stimulated transformation of nitrate to newly formed SON, this was only a substitution effect of the newly formed SON with native SON because SON at the end of the incubation period was not significantly different (P > 0.05) from that in control soil without added C. At the end of the incubation period, amendment with glucose, a readily available C source, increased nitrate immobilization by 2.65 times and total N 2 ON emission by 33.7 times, as compared with maize straw amendment. Moreover, the differences in SON and total N 2 ON emission between the treatments with glucose and maize straw were significant (P < 0.05). However, the total N 2 ON emission in the straw treatment was not significantly (P > 0.05) greater than that in the control. Straw amendment may be a potential option in agricultural practice for transformation of nitrate N to SON and minimization of N 2 O emitted as well as restriction of NO 3-N leaching.

Improving rice models for more reliable prediction of responses of rice yield to CO2 and temperat... more Improving rice models for more reliable prediction of responses of rice yield to CO2 and temperature elevation . International Crop Modelling Symposium

Agronomy, 2021

The search for approaches to a holistic sustainable agriculture requires the development of new c... more The search for approaches to a holistic sustainable agriculture requires the development of new cropping systems that provide additional ecosystem services beyond biomass supply for food, feed, material, and energy use. The reduction of chemical synthetic plant protection products is a key instrument to protect vulnerable natural resources such as groundwater and biodiversity. Together with an optimal use of mineral fertilizer, agroecological practices, and precision agriculture technologies, a complete elimination of chemical synthetic plant protection in mineral-ecological cropping systems (MECSs) may not only improve the environmental performance of agroecosystems, but also ensure their yield performance. Therefore, the development of MECSs aims to improve the overall ecosystem services of agricultural landscapes by (i) improving the provision of regulating ecosystem services compared to conventional cropping systems and (ii) improving the supply of provisioning ecosystem service...

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2015

Environmental Earth Sciences, 2013

Plant water uptake is a crucial process linking water fluxes in the soil-plant-atmosphere continu... more Plant water uptake is a crucial process linking water fluxes in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. Soil water extraction by roots affects the dynamics and distribution of soil moisture. Water supply of plants controls transpiration, which makes up for an important fraction of the energy balance at the land surface, and influences soilvegetation-atmosphere feedback processes. Therefore, efficient algorithms for an accurate estimation of root water uptake are essential in land-surface models that are coupled with climate models, in agricultural crop models that predict water budget and plant growth at the field and plot scale, and in hydrological models. Due to different purposes and demands on computational time, the degree of detail in representing belowground processes varies considerably between these model types. This study investigates the impact of the degree of detail in process descriptions of root growth and water uptake and of information about soil hydraulic properties on simulated seasonal patterns of evapotranspiration and soil moisture in a field study with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Cubus). Evapotranspiration was well simulated by CLM3.5 until the beginning of crop senescence, but it overestimates the water flux through plants in the last three weeks of the vegetation period and showed a lower performance in simulating soil moisture compared to crop models. The best simultaneous fit of soil moisture and latent heat flux was achieved by the crop model XN-SPASS, which consists of the most detailed representation of root growth dynamics. The results indicate the importance of implementing improved belowground process descriptions for advanced simulations with coupled hydrological and atmospheric models.

Biogeosciences, 2015

The energy balance of eddy covariance (EC) flux data is normally not closed. Therefore, at least ... more The energy balance of eddy covariance (EC) flux data is normally not closed. Therefore, at least if used for modelling, EC flux data are usually post-closed, i.e. the measured turbulent fluxes are adjusted so as to close the energy balance. At the current state of knowledge, however, it is not clear how to partition the missing energy in the right way. Eddy flux data therefore contain some uncertainty due to the unknown nature of the energy balance gap, which should be considered in model evaluation and the interpretation of simulation results. We propose to construct the post-closure methods uncertainty band (PUB), which essentially designates the differences between non-adjusted flux data and flux data adjusted with the three post-closure methods (Bowen ratio, latent heat flux (LE) and sensible heat flux (H) method). To demonstrate this approach, simulations with the NOAH-MP land surface model were evaluated based on EC measurements conducted at a winter wheat stand in southwest Germany in 2011, and the performance of the Jarvis and Ball-Berry stomatal resistance scheme was compared. The width of the PUB of the LE was up to 110 W m −2 (21 % of net radiation). Our study shows that it is crucial to account for the uncertainty in EC flux data originating from lacking energy balance closure. Working with only a single post-closing method might result in severe misinterpretations in model-data comparisons.

Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung, 2006

Andr~is Bardossy l, Arne F~irber 1, Steffen Sch6nau 1, Bernhard Westrich 2., Thomas Jancke 2, Ger... more Andr~is Bardossy l, Arne F~irber 1, Steffen Sch6nau 1, Bernhard Westrich 2., Thomas Jancke 2, Gerhard Schmid a, Svert Wurms 2, Karl Stahr 3, Thomas Gaiser 3, Harald Frauenknecht 3, Thilo Streck 4, Joachim Ingwersen 4, Claudia Kresclmak 4, Ulrich Kern s, Hilke ...

Nature Climate Change, 2013

Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 2009

Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2009

A better understanding of the internal N cycle in agriculturally used soils is crucial for develo... more A better understanding of the internal N cycle in agriculturally used soils is crucial for developing sustainable and environmentally friendly N fertilizer management and to propose effective N2O mitigation strategies. The present laboratory study quantifies gross nitrogen transformations in an intensively used agricultural soil of the North China Plain (NCP). It also elucidates the role of nitrification and denitrification in the emissions of the greenhouse gas N2O. In the lab, soil samples adjusted to a water‐filled pore space (WFPS) of 40 or 60% were spiked with 15NH4NO3, NH415NO3, or 15NH415NO3 and incubated at 20°C for 10 d. One subset of the samples was amended with glucose. The size and 15N enrichment of the mineral N pools and N2O fluxes were determined at intervals of 0 to 10 d. The studied calcareous soil showed a very rapid nitrification of the applied NH4+, which disappeared during the first 3 d. Glucose enhanced mineralization of native soil organic matter (SOM), stimul...

Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2008

In a growing number of studies, the barometric process separation (BaPS) method has been applied ... more In a growing number of studies, the barometric process separation (BaPS) method has been applied for measuring gross nitrification rates in soil. In 2000, the company Umweltanalytische Mess‐Systeme (UMS) GmbH (Munich, Germany) presented the first and only commercially available automatic BaPS measuring system. In an ongoing project, we have used the UMS BaPS system to measure gross nitrification rates in two alkaline agricultural soils. During data evaluation, we came across certain shortcomings in the UMS data evaluation routine. We identified three problems: (i) a unit error in the calculation of the carbonate equilibrium, (ii) an erroneous calculation when the respiration quotient is unequal to unity, and (iii) an inappropriate procedure for handling a negative rate of N gases produced by denitrification (ΔNxOy). Particularly the error in calculating the carbonate equilibrium caused a significant overestimation of the gross nitrification rate at pH values >6. A literature revi...

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2008

The detritusphere is a very thin but microbiological highly active zone in soil. To trace the fat... more The detritusphere is a very thin but microbiological highly active zone in soil. To trace the fate of litter carbon in the detritusphere we developed a new 1D dynamic mechanistic model. In a microcosm experiment soil cores were incubated with 13C labelled rye residues (δ13C=299‰), which were placed on the surface. Microcosms were sampled after 3, 7, 14, 28, 56

Soil and Tillage Research, 2007

... Rita Dahiya a , Corresponding Author Contact Information , E-mail The Corresponding Author , ... more ... Rita Dahiya a , Corresponding Author Contact Information , E-mail The Corresponding Author , Joachim Ingwersen b and Thilo Streck b. ... direct laboratory and field methods exist for estimating the hydraulic parameters of unsaturated soil ([Green et al., 1986] and [Klute, 1986]). ...

Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 2010

Immobilization of Cd in contaminated soil is a technique to improve soil quality. Zeolites are po... more Immobilization of Cd in contaminated soil is a technique to improve soil quality. Zeolites are potentially useful additives to bind heavy metals. This study examines the influence of decreasing the grain size of raw zeolitic tuff to the nano-range on Cd sorption-desorption isotherms in a sandy soil. The aim was to evaluate the feasibility of using nanoparticulate zeolitic tuff as a sequestering agent for Cd in soil. Sorption and desorption of Cd on zeolitic nanotuff was investigated in batch experiments. The sandy soil was amended with zeolitic nanotuff, synthetic Al oxide nanoparticles, or raw zeolitic tuff. After a 48 h sorption step, three desorption steps were induced using the sequential dilution method. The measured sorption-desorption data were adequately described by the Freundlich equation. A nonlinear two-stage one-rate model matched well with measured Cd sorption-desorption isotherms of zeolitic nanotuff, raw zeolitic tuff, Al oxide nanoparticle, and control soil. The batch experiments demonstrated the strong influence of pH on Cd sorption. Zeta-potential measurements of zeolitic nanotuff indicated that electrostatic interaction was important for sorption. Soil amended with zeolitic nanotuff showed the lowest hysteresis index based on the differences obtained from sorption-desorption isotherms regarding the amount of Cd sorbed. The index decreased with increasing metal concentration. For soil amended with nanoparticulate zeolitic tuff, the estimated Freundlich coefficient was 4 orders of magnitude higher than in the control soil and 2 orders of magnitude higher than the soil amended with raw zeolitic tuff. In addition, this sorbent decreased the amount of Cd released after three desorption steps by up to 12 and 7 times compared to the control soil and the soil amended with raw zeolitic tuff, respectively. The effect on Cd sorption of grinding the raw zeolitic tuff to the nanorange was considerably more pronounced than the effect of raw zeolitic tuff.

Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 2008

Well-aerated soils are sinks for atmospheric methane (CH 4) whereas hydromorphic soils act as sou... more Well-aerated soils are sinks for atmospheric methane (CH 4) whereas hydromorphic soils act as sources. Both CH 4 oxidation and production are highly sensitive to variation in soil moisture. Significant changes of net CH 4 fluxes from soils can therefore be expected to accompany redistribution of precipitation in the course of climate change where more extreme events are predicted for the future. The extreme summer drought in 2003 offered the opportunity to study the impact of such events on methane fluxes under field conditions. The objective was to evaluate the impact of the summer drought in 2003 on net methane budget of a spruce-forest ecosystem. We studied net CH 4 flux (bi-)weekly during the summers of 2000-2004 using a closed-chamber technique on six different soil types ranging from well-aerated Cambisols, to poorly drained Gleysols and a wet Histosol in a cool-humid spruce forest. The extreme summer drought (1) led to deficiency of soil water budget and increasing soil temperature, (2) did not elevate net CH 4-sink function of soils, but (3) highly reduced net CH 4-source strength, and (4) reversed the net CH 4 source of the investigated catchment into a sink. In all four summers investigated, net ecosystem exchange of methane was found in the hydromorphic soils (1.5 ha) but not in the dominant well-aerated Cambisols (4 ha). This highlighted the key role of hydromorphic soils for the investigated pedodiverse system. The impact of the heatwave in 2003 on the CH 4 budget lasted until 2004. However, it is still unclear how long it takes for the CH 4 budget to return to "normal". More long-term-observation studies are needed to capture the effects of extreme events and their impacts on biogeochemical cycles.

Journal of Environmental Quality, 2006

ABSTRACTThe fate of cadmium in soils is governed by spatially heterogeneous processes that procee... more ABSTRACTThe fate of cadmium in soils is governed by spatially heterogeneous processes that proceed from decades to centuries. This study aimed at modeling the fate of Cd within the wastewater irrigation area (WIA) of Braunschweig (Germany). The sandy soils (mainly Dystric Cambisol or Typic Haplumbrept) at this site (28 km2) have received considerable loads of heavy metals by irrigation of municipal wastewater for up to 40 yr. The soils of the WIA are in agricultural use. The main crops are sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). As a result of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) cropping, about 15% of the soils have been converted to Rigosols. In 1996, we measured the vertical distribution (0 to 1.2 m) of soil pH, organic carbon content, and the EDTA–extractable content and the solution phase concentration of Cd at 153 sites. At sites not used for asparagus cultivation, Cd has migrated on average to a depth of about 0.5 m. Due...

Journal of Environment Quality, 2011

Nonequilibrium sorption plays an active role in the transport of organic contaminants in soil. We... more Nonequilibrium sorption plays an active role in the transport of organic contaminants in soil. We applied a two-stage, onerate model (2S1R) and a new, nonlinear variant (2S1RN) of this model to examine the eff ects of wastewater irrigation on the sorption kinetics of atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine) in soil. Th e models were applied to previously published sorption-desorption data sets, which showed pronounced deviations between sorption curves and desorption curves (sorption-desorption hysteresis). Moreover, the slopes of the desorption curves decreased with decreasing concentration. Diff erent treatments had been used, and two experimental time steps (2 and 14 d) were used. Treatments considered were lipid removal, fulvic and humic acid removal, and untreated soil. Th e 2S1R model was unable to reproduce the observed type of hysteresis, but the 2S1RN model, which assumes that the sorption-desorption process follows a power function relationship, was able to reproduce the observed type of hysteresis. Visually, applying the new model improved the model fi ts in all test cases. Statistically, as tested by an extra sum of squares analysis, the new model performed signifi cantly better in 50% of all test cases. According to an example simulation, the choice of the sorption model has a considerable impact on the prediction of atrazine transport in soil.

Journal of Environmental Quality, 2005

The uptake of Cd and its distribution in crops differs among species and among cultivars within a... more The uptake of Cd and its distribution in crops differs among species and among cultivars within a species. Plant uptake is one of the major pathways by which cadmium (Cd) Petterson (1977), for example, observed that the Cd in soils enters the human food chain. This study was conducted to content of plants grown in solution culture increased in investigate the uptake of Cd by crops from soils within the wastewater irrigation area (WIA) of Braunschweig (Germany) and to develop a the order: oats, wheat Ͻ bean, pea, sunflower, cucumsimple process-oriented model that is suited to predict Cd uptake at ber Ͻ corn, mustard Ͻ radish, kale, rape Ͻ tomato, carthe regional scale. The sandy soils within the WIA (4300 ha) have rot, sorre Ͻ lettuce. Variation of Cd uptake patterns received considerable loads of heavy metals by irrigation using municiamong cultivars within a species has been reported in pal wastewater for up to 40 years. In 1998 and 1999, we sampled soil potato (McLaughlin et al., 1994b), wheat (Chaudri et and plant material at 40 potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), 40 sugar al., 2001; Oliver et al., 1995), durum wheat (Tahvonen beet (Beta vulgaris L.), and 32 winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Kumpulainen, 1993), maize (Florijn and van Beusifields. In both years and for all three crops, we found close linear chem, 1993), and oat, carrots, and spinach (He and relationships between the Cd content of plant material and the Cd Singh, 1994). concentration in soil solution. For all three crops, we observed a trend Cadmium is transported from soil to plant roots by of relatively increased Cd uptake in the year with the higher saturation deficit of the atmosphere. We interpret this to indicate that transpira-mass flow, diffusion, and interception. Mass flow and tion plays an important role in the Cd uptake of crops under the diffusion are considered to be the most important supply conditions of the WIA. In modeling the uptake of Cd by crops, we mechanism for ions in soil (Marschner, 1995). Mass flow assume that uptake is proportional to mass flow, that is, the product means that ions dissolved in soil solution are transported of water transpired, Cd concentration in soil solution, and a plantto the roots with the transpiration flux. If the uptake specific empirical parameter. The simulations agreed well with the by roots is greater than the supply by mass flow, the observed Cd contents in crops. Our model explained between 66 and ion concentration will decrease at the root surface and 87% of the observed variance. University of Hohenheim, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evalua-for example, those given in Dalton et al. (1975) or Nobel tion, Biogeophysics Section, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany. This work (1999). In the Barber-Cushman model, solute uptake was funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG). Received 18 by roots is an exclusively active process, whereby in the June 2004. Technical Reports. *Corresponding author (jingwer@unitwo citations mentioned above the solute flux across a hohenheim.de).