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Papers by Thomas Yuki Hartmann

Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung

ZusammenfassungHintergrundVerletzungen durch Unfälle haben häufig schwerwiegende Konsequenzen für... more ZusammenfassungHintergrundVerletzungen durch Unfälle haben häufig schwerwiegende Konsequenzen für die betroffenen Kinder, deren Angehörige und verursachen hohe Kosten für das Gesundheitssystem. Unfälle in Kindertageseinrichtungen (Kita) werden in Deutschland durch die Landesunfallkassen statistisch erfasst. Dadurch besteht eine Datenbasis zur Ableitung gezielter Maßnahmen zur Erhöhung der Kindersicherheit in der Lebenswelt Kita.Ziel der ArbeitDer Beitrag zielt auf die Analyse der Datenbasis von Unfallverletzungen in Kitas vor dem Hintergrund des Ausbaus der Kindertagesbetreuung. Es werden die bisherigen Maßnahmen zur Erhöhung der Kindersicherheit der zuständigen Unfallversicherungsträger zusammengefasst und den Vorgaben des Präventionsgesetzes gegenübergestellt.Material und MethodenAuf Basis der amtlichen Statistik wird die Entwicklung der Betreuungszahlen der 0‑ bis 6‑Jährigen in Kitas für die Jahre 2010 bis 2016/2017 dargestellt. Parallel dazu werden die Unfallverletzungen und -ursachen auf Grundlage der Meldedaten der 15 Landesunfallversicherungen ausgewertet. Mit einer literatur- und internetbasierten Bestandsaufnahme wird der Stand der Unfall- und Verletzungsprävention für die 0‑ bis 6‑Jährigen in der Lebenswelt Kita dargestellt.Ergebnisse und DiskussionDas Unfallgeschehen in Kitas zeigt, dass die Häufigkeit der gemeldeten Unfälle in der Lebenswelt Kita pro 1000 Versicherte von 2010 mit 67,4 Fällen auf 75,9 Fälle im Jahr 2016 um ca. 11 % ansteigt. Bisher wird die Statistik der Unfallversicherungsträger nicht zu einer Berichterstattung genutzt, von der eine zielgerichtete Unfallprävention für die Lebenswelt Kita abgeleitet werden kann. Auf Grundlage des Präventionsgesetzes werden entsprechende Handlungsempfehlungen aufgezeigt.AbstractBackgroundInjuries caused by accidents often have serious consequences for the individuals concerned and for their families. They also cause high costs for the healthcare system. In Germany, accidents in childcare centers are statistically recorded by the accident insurer of the respective federal state. From this database specific measures to enhance child safety in childcare centers can be deducted.ObjectivesThis article focuses on the analysis of the database of accidental injuries in childcare centers against the background of the expansion of children’s daycare. Previous actions of the respective accident insurer to enhance child safety are summarised and compared with the requirements of the Prevention Act.Materials and methodsBased on official statistics, the development of the figures of children from 0–6 years in childcare centers is shown for the years 2010 to 2016/2017. Simultaneously, the accidental injuries and causes for accidents are evaluated on the basis of the data reported by the 15 accident insurers of the federal states. The status of the prevention of accidents and injuries for 0–6 year olds in the environment of childcare centers is illustrated by an internet- and literature-based survey.Results and conclusionsThe number of reported accidents in the environment of childcare centers has increased from 2010 with 67.4 incidents per 1000 insured children to 79.5 incidents in the year 2016—an increase by 11%. So far the statistics of the accident insurers have not been used for reports from which a specific prevention of accidents in the setting of childcare centers could be deducted. Based on the Prevention Act, respective recommended actions are pointed out.

Proceedings of the 31st Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing - SAC '16, 2016

Micro-generations and future grid usages, such as charging of electric cars, raises major challen... more Micro-generations and future grid usages, such as charging of electric cars, raises major challenges to monitor the electric load in low-voltage cables. Due to the highly interconnected nature, real-time measurements are problematic, both economically and technically. This entails an overload risk in electricity networks when cables must be disconnected for maintenance reasons or are accidentally damaged. Therefore, it is of great interest for electricity grid providers to anticipate the load in networks and quicker detect failures. However, computing the electric load in cables requires computational intensive power flow calculations and live consumption measurements. Today's view of the grid is usually based on on-field documentation of cables, fuses, and measurements by technicians and therefore often outdated. Thus, the electric load is usually only simulated in case of major topology variations. However, live measurements of smart meters provide new opportunities. In this paper we present a novel approach for a near-time electric load approximation by deriving in live the current electric topology and cable loads from smart meter data. We leverage the models@run.time paradigm to combine live measurements with topology characteristics of the grid. Our approach enables to approximate the load in cables, not only for the current grid topology, but also to simulate topology changes for maintenance purposes. We showed that this allows a near real-time approximation while remaining very accurate (average deviation of 1.89% compared to offline power-flow calculation tools). Developed with a grid operator, this approach will be integrated in a monitoring and warning system and as an embeddable solution for on-field simulation. CCS Concepts •Computer systems organization → Embedded and cyber-physical systems; •Software and its engineering → Model-driven software engineering; Real-time systems software; Abstraction, modeling and modularity;

In a conceivable scenario of proposed geological salt repositories for nuclear waste within the t... more In a conceivable scenario of proposed geological salt repositories for nuclear waste within the time frame of 10,000 to 100,000 years being considered for performance assessment, groundwater intrusion leads to inundation of the repository and the formation of chloride-based brines. These brines will be exposed to - radiation emitted by released transuranic waste constituents, mainly Pu, U, Am, and Np.

Molecular Microbiology, 2015

The striatin interacting phosphatase and kinase (STRIPAK) complex, which is composed of striatin,... more The striatin interacting phosphatase and kinase (STRIPAK) complex, which is composed of striatin, protein phosphatase PP2A and kinases, is required for fruiting-body development and cell fusion in the filamentous ascomycete Sordaria macrospora. Here, we report on the interplay of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein SmGPI1 with the kinase activator SmMOB3, a core component of human and fungal STRIPAK complexes. SmGPI1 is conserved among filamentous ascomycetes and was first identified in a yeast two-hybrid screen using SmMOB3 as bait. The physical interaction of SmMOB3 and SmGPI1 was verified by co-immunoprecipitation. In vivo localization and differential centrifugation revealed that SmGPI1 is predominantly secreted and attached to the cell wall but is also associated with mitochondria and appears to be a dual-targeted protein. Deletion of Smgpi1 led to an increased number of fruiting bodies that were normally shaped but reduced in size. In addition, Smmob3 and Smgpi1 genetically interact. In the sterile ΔSmmob3 background deletion of Smgpi1 restores fertility, vegetative growth as well as hyphal-fusion defects. The suppression effect was specific for the ΔSmmob3 mutant as deletion of Smgpi1 in other STRIPAK mutants does not restore fertility.

Fortschritte der Botanik, 1968

Progress in Botany / Fortschritte der Botanik, 1982

Plant amino acid metabolism is comprehensively reviewed in the volume edited by MIFLIN (1980) and... more Plant amino acid metabolism is comprehensively reviewed in the volume edited by MIFLIN (1980) and special topics of N-assimilation in the volume edited by HEWITT and CUTTINGS (1979). In addition the reader may be referred to the following reviews: plant glutamine metabolism (MIFLIN et al., 1980, 1981); special topics of nitrogen metabolism (REINBOTHE et al., 1981); amino acid metabolism (MUNTZ, 1980); role of NH 4 + in plant nitrogen metabolism (HARTMANN, 1982).

Phytochemistry

The system of pyrrolizidine alkaloids has proven to be a powerful system for studying the evoluti... more The system of pyrrolizidine alkaloids has proven to be a powerful system for studying the evolution of a biosynthetic pathway in plant secondary metabolism. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are typical plant secondary products produced by the plant as a defense against herbivores. The first specific enzyme, homospermidine synthase, has been shown to have evolved by duplication of the gene encoding deoxyhypusine synthase, which is involved in primary metabolism. Despite the identical function of homospermidine synthase for pyrrolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis in the various plant lineages, this gene duplication has occurred several times independently during angiosperm evolution. After duplication, these gene copies diverged with respect to gene function and regulation. In the diverse plant lineages producing pyrrolizidine alkaloids, homospermidine synthase has been shown to be expressed in a variety of tissues, suggesting that the regulatory elements were recruited individually after the dupl...

ChemInform, 2010

ABSTRACT ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance t... more ABSTRACT ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Progress in Brain Research, 2007

Many individuals with tinnitus have abnormal oscillatory brain activity. Led by this finding, we ... more Many individuals with tinnitus have abnormal oscillatory brain activity. Led by this finding, we have developed a way to normalize such pathological activity by neurofeedback techniques (Weisz et al. (2005). PLoS Med., 2: e153). This is achieved mainly through enhancement of tau activity, i.e., oscillatory activity produced in perisylvian regions within the alpha frequency range (8-12 Hz) and concomitant reduction in delta power range (0.5-4 Hz). This activity is recorded from electrodes placed on the frontal scalp. We have found that modification of the tau-to-delta ratio significantly reduces tinnitus intensity. Participants who successfully modified their oscillatory pattern profited from the treatment to the extent that the tinnitus sensation became completely abolished. Overall, this neurofeedback training was significantly superiorin reducing tinnitus-related distress than frequency discrimination training.

Planta, 2004

In terrestrial communities, plant photosynthesis is the first step in a chain of trophic relation... more In terrestrial communities, plant photosynthesis is the first step in a chain of trophic relationships involving many species of herbivores, pathogens and their enemies. In the evolutionary course of their adaptations to the pressure of herbivores and pathogens, ...

Planta, 1989

14C-Labelled alkaloid precursors (arginine, putrescine, spermidine) fed to Senecio vulgaris plant... more 14C-Labelled alkaloid precursors (arginine, putrescine, spermidine) fed to Senecio vulgaris plants via the root system were rapidly taken up and efficiently incorporated into the pyrrolizidine alkaloid senecionine N-oxide (sen-Nox) with total incorporations of 3-6%. Considerable amounts of labelled sen-Nox were translocated into the shoot and were directed mainly into the inflorescences, the major sites of pyrrolizidine-alkaloid accumulation. Detached shoots of S. vulgaris were unable to synthesize pyrrolizidine alkaloids, indicating that the roots are the site of their biosynthesis. Further evidence was obtained from studies with in-vitro systems established from S. vulgaris: root cultures were found to synthesize pyrrolizidine alkaloids but not cell-suspension cultures, tumor cultures or shoot-like teratomas obtained by transformation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Studies on transport of [14C]sen-Nox, which was fed either to detached shoots or to the root system of intact plants, indicate that the alkaloid N-oxide does not simply follow the transpiration stream but is specifically channelled to the target tissues such as epidermal stem tissue and flower heads. Exogenously applied [14C]senecionine is rapidly N-oxidized. If the phloem path along the stem is blocked by a "steam girdle" translocation of labelled sen-Nox is blocked as well. Root-derived sen-Nox accumulated below the girdle and only trace amounts were found in the tissues above. It is most likely that the root-toshoot transport of sen-Nox occurs mainly if not exclusively via the phloem. In accordance with previous studies the polar, salt-like N-oxides, which are often considered to be artifacts, were found * To whom correspondence should be addressed Abbreviations: FW=fresh weight; sen=senecionine; sen-Nox = senecionine N-oxide to be the real products of pyrrolizidine-alkaloid biosynthesis as well as the physiological forms for long-distance transport, tissue-specific distribution and cellular accumulation.

Planta Medica, 2002

Leaves, roots and rhizomes, and inflorescenses of Pulmonaria obscura from two localities and of t... more Leaves, roots and rhizomes, and inflorescenses of Pulmonaria obscura from two localities and of two different growth forms within one site were analyzed by GC-MS for their content in pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs). In roots and rhizomes PAs of the lycopsamine type typical for the Boraginaceae could be detected, e. g. intermedine, lycopsamine, and their O(7)-derivatives. The total PA concentrations in roots and rhizomes lay between 0.026 and 0.158 mg/g dry weight. In leaves and inflorescenses, on the other hand, only trace amounts of PAs (below 0.4 ng/mg dry weight) could be detected. No significant differences in total concentration of PAs could be found between the two sites.

Physical Review B, 2008

Synchrotron x-ray diffraction and diamond-anvil cell techniques were used to characterize pressur... more Synchrotron x-ray diffraction and diamond-anvil cell techniques were used to characterize pressure induced structural modifications in gallium oxide. Gallium oxide was studied on compression up to 70 GPa and on the following decompression. The effect of the pressure-transmitting medium on the structural transformations was investigated in two sets of compression and decompression runs, one with nitrogen as a quasihydrostatic pressure-transmitting medium and the other in nonhydrostatic pressure conditions. The x-ray diffraction data showed gradual phase transition from a low-density, monoclinic ␤-Ga 2 O 3 to a high-density, rhombohedral ␣-Ga 2 O 3. With the use of nitrogen as a pressure transmitting medium, the ␤to ␣-Ga 2 O 3 transition begins at about 6.5-7 GPa and extends up to ϳ40 GPa, confirming recent theoretical calculations. This pressure-driven transition is irreversible and the material decompressed from 70 GPa to ambient conditions was composed, in both sets of experimental runs, of ␣-Ga 2 O 3 only. A Birch-Murnaghan fit of the unit cell volume as a function of pressure yielded a zero pressure bulk modulus K 0 = 199͑6͒ GPa, and its pressure derivative K 0 Ј=3.1͑4͒ for the␤-Ga 2 O 3 phase, and K 0 = 220͑9͒ GPa and K 0 Ј=5.9͑6͒ for the ␣-Ga 2 O 3 phase for the experiments performed in quasihydrostatic compression conditions. When for the same experiment K 0 Ј is held at 4, then the bulk modulus values are 184͑3͒ and 252͑14͒ GPa for ␤-Ga 2 O 3 and the ␣-Ga 2 O 3 , respectively. We compare the results of this work with our previous studies on the high-pressure behavior of nanocrystalline gallium oxide.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 1998

A new approach to polythiophene thin films with variable low-energy bandgap is reported. Stille r... more A new approach to polythiophene thin films with variable low-energy bandgap is reported. Stille reaction [Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 25, 508 (1986)] between a toolbox of different bis(trimethyltin)thiophenes and dihalothieno[3,4-b]pyrazines produces polythiophenes with interesting nonlinear optical properties. By variation of the substituent attached to the pyrazine ring, the electronic and optical properties of the polymer can be strongly influenced, for example, in lowering the bandgap (Ͻ1 eV) or in increasing the oscillator strength. The improved oscillator strength is accompanied by a longer conjugation length and leads to higher nonlinearities. Third-order susceptibilities, (3) , of 10 Ϫ8 esu were achieved with figures of merit, (3) /␣ (where ␣ is the linear absorption coefficient), of as much as 2 ϫ 10 Ϫ13 esu cm. Frequency-tunable degenerate four-wave mixing experiments revealed a strong wavelength dispersion of the figure of merit above the bandgap, in contrast to scaling laws empirically found by other groups.

International Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2011

Aspergillus fumigatus as prime pathogen to cause aspergillosis has evolved as a saprophyte, but i... more Aspergillus fumigatus as prime pathogen to cause aspergillosis has evolved as a saprophyte, but is also able to infect and colonise immunocompromised hosts. Based on the 'dual use' hypothesis of fungal pathogenicity, general characteristics have to be considered as unspecific virulence determinants, among them stress adaptation capacities. The susceptible, warm-blooded mammalian host represents a specific ecological niche that poses several kinds of stress conditions to the fungus during the course of infection. Detailed knowledge about the cellular pathways and adaptive traits that have evolved in A. fumigatus to counteract situations of stress and varying environmental conditions is crucial for the identification of novel and specific antifungal targets. Comprehensive profiling data accompanied by mutant analyses have shed light on such stressors, and nutritional deprivation, oxidative stress, hypoxia, elevated temperature, alkaline pH, extensive secretion, and, in particular during treatment with antifungals, cell membrane perturbations appear to represent the major hazards A. fumigatus has to cope with during infection. Further efforts employing innovative approaches and advanced technologies will have to be made to expand our knowledge about the scope of the A. fumigatus adaptome that is relevant for disease.

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2002

Larvae of a number of chrysomelid leaf beetles sequester phenol glucosides such as salicin from t... more Larvae of a number of chrysomelid leaf beetles sequester phenol glucosides such as salicin from their food plants, i.e. Salix and Populus spp. Salicin is hydrolyzed in the glandular reservoir of the defensive glands. The resulting salicyl alcohol (saligenin) is oxidized by an extracellular oxidase. The product salicylaldehyde accumulates as major defensive compound. The secretions from Chrysomela populi and Phratora vitellinae were preserved in saturated ammonium sulfate solution and subjected to micro-purification of the oxidase by means of electrophoretic methods. The enzyme from P. vitellinae has a native M r of 334 000 and a subunit M r of 79 000 indicating a tetrameric enzyme. The isoelectric points of the enzymes from C. populi and P. vitellinae are at pH 5.4 and 5.2, respectively. In the oxidation of salicyl alcohol oxygen functions as electron acceptor yielding hydrogen peroxide as product. Hydrogen peroxide does not accumulate in native secretions but appears to be degraded most likely by a catalase. The oxidases from the two species show broad pH optima in the range 5.5 to 6.5, they oxidize salicyl alcohol as main substrate. Minor substrates are several ortho-substituted and to a lesser extent meta-but not para-substituted benzyl alcohols. In the presence of 8hydroxygeraniol only trace amounts of the respective aldehyde are formed. The K m values of salicyl alcohol are 132 mM (C. populi) and 63 mM (P. vitellinae). The extracellular enzyme, which is functionally related to fungal aryl alcohol oxidase (EC 1.1.3.7) and vanillyl alcohol oxidase (EC 1.1.3.38) was named salicyl alcohol oxidase. The continuous formation of salicylaldehyde in the glandular reservoir can be compared to the operation of an enzyme reactor. Due to its low aqueous solubility the produced aldehyde steadily leaves the aqueous reaction fluid and builds up an organic phase which may account for 15% of the total liquid volume of the secretion.

Chemoecology, 1994

Among alkaloids the pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) play a unique role in the interactions between ... more Among alkaloids the pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) play a unique role in the interactions between plants and adapted insects. In Senecio spp. (Asteraceae) PAs are synthesized in the roots as alkaloid N-oxides which are specifically translocated into shoots via the phloem-path and channeled to the preferred sites of storage (e.g. inflorescences) where they are stored in the cell vacuoles. In different Senecio spp. senecionine Noxide is produced as the common product of biosynthesis, which subsequently via a number of simple but specific reactions is transformed into typical speciesspecific PA-patterns. Insects from diverse taxa sequester PAs for their own defense. Lepidopterans (e.g. arctiids such as Tyria jacobaeae and Creatonotos transiens) may hydrolyze plant acquired ester-PAs and convert the resulting necine base into insect-specific PAs by esterification with an acid of their own metabolism. Adapted arctiids and the grasshopper Zonocerus take up PAs in the state of the tertiary amine. N-Oxides are reduced in the guts prior to uptake. In the bodies the tertiary PAs are rapidly N-oxidized by a specific mixed-function oxigenase and are maintained in the N-oxide state. The importance of the reversible interconversion of the nontoxic N-oxide (pro-toxine) into the toxic tertiary alkaloid is discussed as the specific feature of PAs in plant-insect interactions.

Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung

ZusammenfassungHintergrundVerletzungen durch Unfälle haben häufig schwerwiegende Konsequenzen für... more ZusammenfassungHintergrundVerletzungen durch Unfälle haben häufig schwerwiegende Konsequenzen für die betroffenen Kinder, deren Angehörige und verursachen hohe Kosten für das Gesundheitssystem. Unfälle in Kindertageseinrichtungen (Kita) werden in Deutschland durch die Landesunfallkassen statistisch erfasst. Dadurch besteht eine Datenbasis zur Ableitung gezielter Maßnahmen zur Erhöhung der Kindersicherheit in der Lebenswelt Kita.Ziel der ArbeitDer Beitrag zielt auf die Analyse der Datenbasis von Unfallverletzungen in Kitas vor dem Hintergrund des Ausbaus der Kindertagesbetreuung. Es werden die bisherigen Maßnahmen zur Erhöhung der Kindersicherheit der zuständigen Unfallversicherungsträger zusammengefasst und den Vorgaben des Präventionsgesetzes gegenübergestellt.Material und MethodenAuf Basis der amtlichen Statistik wird die Entwicklung der Betreuungszahlen der 0‑ bis 6‑Jährigen in Kitas für die Jahre 2010 bis 2016/2017 dargestellt. Parallel dazu werden die Unfallverletzungen und -ursachen auf Grundlage der Meldedaten der 15 Landesunfallversicherungen ausgewertet. Mit einer literatur- und internetbasierten Bestandsaufnahme wird der Stand der Unfall- und Verletzungsprävention für die 0‑ bis 6‑Jährigen in der Lebenswelt Kita dargestellt.Ergebnisse und DiskussionDas Unfallgeschehen in Kitas zeigt, dass die Häufigkeit der gemeldeten Unfälle in der Lebenswelt Kita pro 1000 Versicherte von 2010 mit 67,4 Fällen auf 75,9 Fälle im Jahr 2016 um ca. 11 % ansteigt. Bisher wird die Statistik der Unfallversicherungsträger nicht zu einer Berichterstattung genutzt, von der eine zielgerichtete Unfallprävention für die Lebenswelt Kita abgeleitet werden kann. Auf Grundlage des Präventionsgesetzes werden entsprechende Handlungsempfehlungen aufgezeigt.AbstractBackgroundInjuries caused by accidents often have serious consequences for the individuals concerned and for their families. They also cause high costs for the healthcare system. In Germany, accidents in childcare centers are statistically recorded by the accident insurer of the respective federal state. From this database specific measures to enhance child safety in childcare centers can be deducted.ObjectivesThis article focuses on the analysis of the database of accidental injuries in childcare centers against the background of the expansion of children’s daycare. Previous actions of the respective accident insurer to enhance child safety are summarised and compared with the requirements of the Prevention Act.Materials and methodsBased on official statistics, the development of the figures of children from 0–6 years in childcare centers is shown for the years 2010 to 2016/2017. Simultaneously, the accidental injuries and causes for accidents are evaluated on the basis of the data reported by the 15 accident insurers of the federal states. The status of the prevention of accidents and injuries for 0–6 year olds in the environment of childcare centers is illustrated by an internet- and literature-based survey.Results and conclusionsThe number of reported accidents in the environment of childcare centers has increased from 2010 with 67.4 incidents per 1000 insured children to 79.5 incidents in the year 2016—an increase by 11%. So far the statistics of the accident insurers have not been used for reports from which a specific prevention of accidents in the setting of childcare centers could be deducted. Based on the Prevention Act, respective recommended actions are pointed out.

Proceedings of the 31st Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing - SAC '16, 2016

Micro-generations and future grid usages, such as charging of electric cars, raises major challen... more Micro-generations and future grid usages, such as charging of electric cars, raises major challenges to monitor the electric load in low-voltage cables. Due to the highly interconnected nature, real-time measurements are problematic, both economically and technically. This entails an overload risk in electricity networks when cables must be disconnected for maintenance reasons or are accidentally damaged. Therefore, it is of great interest for electricity grid providers to anticipate the load in networks and quicker detect failures. However, computing the electric load in cables requires computational intensive power flow calculations and live consumption measurements. Today's view of the grid is usually based on on-field documentation of cables, fuses, and measurements by technicians and therefore often outdated. Thus, the electric load is usually only simulated in case of major topology variations. However, live measurements of smart meters provide new opportunities. In this paper we present a novel approach for a near-time electric load approximation by deriving in live the current electric topology and cable loads from smart meter data. We leverage the models@run.time paradigm to combine live measurements with topology characteristics of the grid. Our approach enables to approximate the load in cables, not only for the current grid topology, but also to simulate topology changes for maintenance purposes. We showed that this allows a near real-time approximation while remaining very accurate (average deviation of 1.89% compared to offline power-flow calculation tools). Developed with a grid operator, this approach will be integrated in a monitoring and warning system and as an embeddable solution for on-field simulation. CCS Concepts •Computer systems organization → Embedded and cyber-physical systems; •Software and its engineering → Model-driven software engineering; Real-time systems software; Abstraction, modeling and modularity;

In a conceivable scenario of proposed geological salt repositories for nuclear waste within the t... more In a conceivable scenario of proposed geological salt repositories for nuclear waste within the time frame of 10,000 to 100,000 years being considered for performance assessment, groundwater intrusion leads to inundation of the repository and the formation of chloride-based brines. These brines will be exposed to - radiation emitted by released transuranic waste constituents, mainly Pu, U, Am, and Np.

Molecular Microbiology, 2015

The striatin interacting phosphatase and kinase (STRIPAK) complex, which is composed of striatin,... more The striatin interacting phosphatase and kinase (STRIPAK) complex, which is composed of striatin, protein phosphatase PP2A and kinases, is required for fruiting-body development and cell fusion in the filamentous ascomycete Sordaria macrospora. Here, we report on the interplay of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein SmGPI1 with the kinase activator SmMOB3, a core component of human and fungal STRIPAK complexes. SmGPI1 is conserved among filamentous ascomycetes and was first identified in a yeast two-hybrid screen using SmMOB3 as bait. The physical interaction of SmMOB3 and SmGPI1 was verified by co-immunoprecipitation. In vivo localization and differential centrifugation revealed that SmGPI1 is predominantly secreted and attached to the cell wall but is also associated with mitochondria and appears to be a dual-targeted protein. Deletion of Smgpi1 led to an increased number of fruiting bodies that were normally shaped but reduced in size. In addition, Smmob3 and Smgpi1 genetically interact. In the sterile ΔSmmob3 background deletion of Smgpi1 restores fertility, vegetative growth as well as hyphal-fusion defects. The suppression effect was specific for the ΔSmmob3 mutant as deletion of Smgpi1 in other STRIPAK mutants does not restore fertility.

Fortschritte der Botanik, 1968

Progress in Botany / Fortschritte der Botanik, 1982

Plant amino acid metabolism is comprehensively reviewed in the volume edited by MIFLIN (1980) and... more Plant amino acid metabolism is comprehensively reviewed in the volume edited by MIFLIN (1980) and special topics of N-assimilation in the volume edited by HEWITT and CUTTINGS (1979). In addition the reader may be referred to the following reviews: plant glutamine metabolism (MIFLIN et al., 1980, 1981); special topics of nitrogen metabolism (REINBOTHE et al., 1981); amino acid metabolism (MUNTZ, 1980); role of NH 4 + in plant nitrogen metabolism (HARTMANN, 1982).

Phytochemistry

The system of pyrrolizidine alkaloids has proven to be a powerful system for studying the evoluti... more The system of pyrrolizidine alkaloids has proven to be a powerful system for studying the evolution of a biosynthetic pathway in plant secondary metabolism. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are typical plant secondary products produced by the plant as a defense against herbivores. The first specific enzyme, homospermidine synthase, has been shown to have evolved by duplication of the gene encoding deoxyhypusine synthase, which is involved in primary metabolism. Despite the identical function of homospermidine synthase for pyrrolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis in the various plant lineages, this gene duplication has occurred several times independently during angiosperm evolution. After duplication, these gene copies diverged with respect to gene function and regulation. In the diverse plant lineages producing pyrrolizidine alkaloids, homospermidine synthase has been shown to be expressed in a variety of tissues, suggesting that the regulatory elements were recruited individually after the dupl...

ChemInform, 2010

ABSTRACT ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance t... more ABSTRACT ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Progress in Brain Research, 2007

Many individuals with tinnitus have abnormal oscillatory brain activity. Led by this finding, we ... more Many individuals with tinnitus have abnormal oscillatory brain activity. Led by this finding, we have developed a way to normalize such pathological activity by neurofeedback techniques (Weisz et al. (2005). PLoS Med., 2: e153). This is achieved mainly through enhancement of tau activity, i.e., oscillatory activity produced in perisylvian regions within the alpha frequency range (8-12 Hz) and concomitant reduction in delta power range (0.5-4 Hz). This activity is recorded from electrodes placed on the frontal scalp. We have found that modification of the tau-to-delta ratio significantly reduces tinnitus intensity. Participants who successfully modified their oscillatory pattern profited from the treatment to the extent that the tinnitus sensation became completely abolished. Overall, this neurofeedback training was significantly superiorin reducing tinnitus-related distress than frequency discrimination training.

Planta, 2004

In terrestrial communities, plant photosynthesis is the first step in a chain of trophic relation... more In terrestrial communities, plant photosynthesis is the first step in a chain of trophic relationships involving many species of herbivores, pathogens and their enemies. In the evolutionary course of their adaptations to the pressure of herbivores and pathogens, ...

Planta, 1989

14C-Labelled alkaloid precursors (arginine, putrescine, spermidine) fed to Senecio vulgaris plant... more 14C-Labelled alkaloid precursors (arginine, putrescine, spermidine) fed to Senecio vulgaris plants via the root system were rapidly taken up and efficiently incorporated into the pyrrolizidine alkaloid senecionine N-oxide (sen-Nox) with total incorporations of 3-6%. Considerable amounts of labelled sen-Nox were translocated into the shoot and were directed mainly into the inflorescences, the major sites of pyrrolizidine-alkaloid accumulation. Detached shoots of S. vulgaris were unable to synthesize pyrrolizidine alkaloids, indicating that the roots are the site of their biosynthesis. Further evidence was obtained from studies with in-vitro systems established from S. vulgaris: root cultures were found to synthesize pyrrolizidine alkaloids but not cell-suspension cultures, tumor cultures or shoot-like teratomas obtained by transformation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Studies on transport of [14C]sen-Nox, which was fed either to detached shoots or to the root system of intact plants, indicate that the alkaloid N-oxide does not simply follow the transpiration stream but is specifically channelled to the target tissues such as epidermal stem tissue and flower heads. Exogenously applied [14C]senecionine is rapidly N-oxidized. If the phloem path along the stem is blocked by a "steam girdle" translocation of labelled sen-Nox is blocked as well. Root-derived sen-Nox accumulated below the girdle and only trace amounts were found in the tissues above. It is most likely that the root-toshoot transport of sen-Nox occurs mainly if not exclusively via the phloem. In accordance with previous studies the polar, salt-like N-oxides, which are often considered to be artifacts, were found * To whom correspondence should be addressed Abbreviations: FW=fresh weight; sen=senecionine; sen-Nox = senecionine N-oxide to be the real products of pyrrolizidine-alkaloid biosynthesis as well as the physiological forms for long-distance transport, tissue-specific distribution and cellular accumulation.

Planta Medica, 2002

Leaves, roots and rhizomes, and inflorescenses of Pulmonaria obscura from two localities and of t... more Leaves, roots and rhizomes, and inflorescenses of Pulmonaria obscura from two localities and of two different growth forms within one site were analyzed by GC-MS for their content in pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs). In roots and rhizomes PAs of the lycopsamine type typical for the Boraginaceae could be detected, e. g. intermedine, lycopsamine, and their O(7)-derivatives. The total PA concentrations in roots and rhizomes lay between 0.026 and 0.158 mg/g dry weight. In leaves and inflorescenses, on the other hand, only trace amounts of PAs (below 0.4 ng/mg dry weight) could be detected. No significant differences in total concentration of PAs could be found between the two sites.

Physical Review B, 2008

Synchrotron x-ray diffraction and diamond-anvil cell techniques were used to characterize pressur... more Synchrotron x-ray diffraction and diamond-anvil cell techniques were used to characterize pressure induced structural modifications in gallium oxide. Gallium oxide was studied on compression up to 70 GPa and on the following decompression. The effect of the pressure-transmitting medium on the structural transformations was investigated in two sets of compression and decompression runs, one with nitrogen as a quasihydrostatic pressure-transmitting medium and the other in nonhydrostatic pressure conditions. The x-ray diffraction data showed gradual phase transition from a low-density, monoclinic ␤-Ga 2 O 3 to a high-density, rhombohedral ␣-Ga 2 O 3. With the use of nitrogen as a pressure transmitting medium, the ␤to ␣-Ga 2 O 3 transition begins at about 6.5-7 GPa and extends up to ϳ40 GPa, confirming recent theoretical calculations. This pressure-driven transition is irreversible and the material decompressed from 70 GPa to ambient conditions was composed, in both sets of experimental runs, of ␣-Ga 2 O 3 only. A Birch-Murnaghan fit of the unit cell volume as a function of pressure yielded a zero pressure bulk modulus K 0 = 199͑6͒ GPa, and its pressure derivative K 0 Ј=3.1͑4͒ for the␤-Ga 2 O 3 phase, and K 0 = 220͑9͒ GPa and K 0 Ј=5.9͑6͒ for the ␣-Ga 2 O 3 phase for the experiments performed in quasihydrostatic compression conditions. When for the same experiment K 0 Ј is held at 4, then the bulk modulus values are 184͑3͒ and 252͑14͒ GPa for ␤-Ga 2 O 3 and the ␣-Ga 2 O 3 , respectively. We compare the results of this work with our previous studies on the high-pressure behavior of nanocrystalline gallium oxide.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 1998

A new approach to polythiophene thin films with variable low-energy bandgap is reported. Stille r... more A new approach to polythiophene thin films with variable low-energy bandgap is reported. Stille reaction [Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 25, 508 (1986)] between a toolbox of different bis(trimethyltin)thiophenes and dihalothieno[3,4-b]pyrazines produces polythiophenes with interesting nonlinear optical properties. By variation of the substituent attached to the pyrazine ring, the electronic and optical properties of the polymer can be strongly influenced, for example, in lowering the bandgap (Ͻ1 eV) or in increasing the oscillator strength. The improved oscillator strength is accompanied by a longer conjugation length and leads to higher nonlinearities. Third-order susceptibilities, (3) , of 10 Ϫ8 esu were achieved with figures of merit, (3) /␣ (where ␣ is the linear absorption coefficient), of as much as 2 ϫ 10 Ϫ13 esu cm. Frequency-tunable degenerate four-wave mixing experiments revealed a strong wavelength dispersion of the figure of merit above the bandgap, in contrast to scaling laws empirically found by other groups.

International Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2011

Aspergillus fumigatus as prime pathogen to cause aspergillosis has evolved as a saprophyte, but i... more Aspergillus fumigatus as prime pathogen to cause aspergillosis has evolved as a saprophyte, but is also able to infect and colonise immunocompromised hosts. Based on the 'dual use' hypothesis of fungal pathogenicity, general characteristics have to be considered as unspecific virulence determinants, among them stress adaptation capacities. The susceptible, warm-blooded mammalian host represents a specific ecological niche that poses several kinds of stress conditions to the fungus during the course of infection. Detailed knowledge about the cellular pathways and adaptive traits that have evolved in A. fumigatus to counteract situations of stress and varying environmental conditions is crucial for the identification of novel and specific antifungal targets. Comprehensive profiling data accompanied by mutant analyses have shed light on such stressors, and nutritional deprivation, oxidative stress, hypoxia, elevated temperature, alkaline pH, extensive secretion, and, in particular during treatment with antifungals, cell membrane perturbations appear to represent the major hazards A. fumigatus has to cope with during infection. Further efforts employing innovative approaches and advanced technologies will have to be made to expand our knowledge about the scope of the A. fumigatus adaptome that is relevant for disease.

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2002

Larvae of a number of chrysomelid leaf beetles sequester phenol glucosides such as salicin from t... more Larvae of a number of chrysomelid leaf beetles sequester phenol glucosides such as salicin from their food plants, i.e. Salix and Populus spp. Salicin is hydrolyzed in the glandular reservoir of the defensive glands. The resulting salicyl alcohol (saligenin) is oxidized by an extracellular oxidase. The product salicylaldehyde accumulates as major defensive compound. The secretions from Chrysomela populi and Phratora vitellinae were preserved in saturated ammonium sulfate solution and subjected to micro-purification of the oxidase by means of electrophoretic methods. The enzyme from P. vitellinae has a native M r of 334 000 and a subunit M r of 79 000 indicating a tetrameric enzyme. The isoelectric points of the enzymes from C. populi and P. vitellinae are at pH 5.4 and 5.2, respectively. In the oxidation of salicyl alcohol oxygen functions as electron acceptor yielding hydrogen peroxide as product. Hydrogen peroxide does not accumulate in native secretions but appears to be degraded most likely by a catalase. The oxidases from the two species show broad pH optima in the range 5.5 to 6.5, they oxidize salicyl alcohol as main substrate. Minor substrates are several ortho-substituted and to a lesser extent meta-but not para-substituted benzyl alcohols. In the presence of 8hydroxygeraniol only trace amounts of the respective aldehyde are formed. The K m values of salicyl alcohol are 132 mM (C. populi) and 63 mM (P. vitellinae). The extracellular enzyme, which is functionally related to fungal aryl alcohol oxidase (EC 1.1.3.7) and vanillyl alcohol oxidase (EC 1.1.3.38) was named salicyl alcohol oxidase. The continuous formation of salicylaldehyde in the glandular reservoir can be compared to the operation of an enzyme reactor. Due to its low aqueous solubility the produced aldehyde steadily leaves the aqueous reaction fluid and builds up an organic phase which may account for 15% of the total liquid volume of the secretion.

Chemoecology, 1994

Among alkaloids the pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) play a unique role in the interactions between ... more Among alkaloids the pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) play a unique role in the interactions between plants and adapted insects. In Senecio spp. (Asteraceae) PAs are synthesized in the roots as alkaloid N-oxides which are specifically translocated into shoots via the phloem-path and channeled to the preferred sites of storage (e.g. inflorescences) where they are stored in the cell vacuoles. In different Senecio spp. senecionine Noxide is produced as the common product of biosynthesis, which subsequently via a number of simple but specific reactions is transformed into typical speciesspecific PA-patterns. Insects from diverse taxa sequester PAs for their own defense. Lepidopterans (e.g. arctiids such as Tyria jacobaeae and Creatonotos transiens) may hydrolyze plant acquired ester-PAs and convert the resulting necine base into insect-specific PAs by esterification with an acid of their own metabolism. Adapted arctiids and the grasshopper Zonocerus take up PAs in the state of the tertiary amine. N-Oxides are reduced in the guts prior to uptake. In the bodies the tertiary PAs are rapidly N-oxidized by a specific mixed-function oxigenase and are maintained in the N-oxide state. The importance of the reversible interconversion of the nontoxic N-oxide (pro-toxine) into the toxic tertiary alkaloid is discussed as the specific feature of PAs in plant-insect interactions.