Tine Marcic - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Tine Marcic

Digests of the 2010 14th Biennial IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation, 2010

The paper deals with the evaluation of line-start interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (LS... more The paper deals with the evaluation of line-start interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (LSIPMSM) model parameters using finite elements. A lumped parameter dynamic model with current-dependant variable parameters is used in LSIPMSM dynamic performance evaluation. By a dynamic model determined run-up responses under different supply and load conditions were confirmed experimentally in the case of four pole 1.1 kW LSIPMSM.

2006 12th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, 2006

Operation of adjustable-frequency drives is accompanied by generation of losses in the converter ... more Operation of adjustable-frequency drives is accompanied by generation of losses in the converter and motor. These losses depend on the modulation frequency and on the drive output power. The change of modulation frequency modifies converter losses and also motor losses, because of the modified motor current waveform. Thus, it modifies total drive losses. Variation of the drive output power also

International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, 2009

ABSTRACT The comparison of electromechanical characteristics of a 4-pole and a 6-pole induction m... more ABSTRACT The comparison of electromechanical characteristics of a 4-pole and a 6-pole induction motor with 36 stator slots in combination with 28, 33, 34, 44 and 46 rotor slots is presented. A comparative analysis is performed by evaluating: the iron losses at no-load, the shapes of torque-slip curves, the shapes of torque per unit current vs. slip curves, and the efficiencies and over-temperatures in thermal equilibrium at rated load. The paper evidently shows that motors which exhibited low values of iron losses at no-load also exhibited superior line-starting performance, high values of torque per unit stator current and superior efficiency at rated load. Moreover, the paper shows the feasibility of using the same stator and rotor slot combination for a mid-size 4-pole and 6-pole induction motor.

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2008

The electromechanical characteristics of induction motors depend on the used stator and rotor slo... more The electromechanical characteristics of induction motors depend on the used stator and rotor slot combination. The correlation between the usage of different stator and rotor slot number combinations, magnetic flux density distributions, no-load iron losses and rated load winding over-temperatures for a specific induction motor is presented. The motor's magnetic field was analyzed by traces of the magnetic flux density

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2008

ABSTRACT The paper proposes a new method for determining force characteristics of an electromagne... more ABSTRACT The paper proposes a new method for determining force characteristics of an electromagnetic brake (EMB) by using co-energy considering only the main flux linkage. The co-energy is calculated by integrating the flux linkages in terms of exciting currents. The flux linkage depends on exciting current and on the variable air-gap thickness. The characteristics of flux linkages are determined numerically using finite-element method (FEM). Using flux linkage characteristics, the current and air-gap thickness-dependent co-energy characteristics of the EMB can be determined in the entire range of operation. Considering the co-energy variation caused by the air-gap thickness variation, the attractive force characteristics can be obtained. The paper presents a detailed description of the proposed method for determination of force characteristics of an EMB using co-energy considering only the main flux linkage. The procedure for determining force characteristics of an EMB using co-energy considering only the main flux linkage of an EMB has not been described yet. The results presented in this paper are used as a part of the EMB magnetically nonlinear dynamic model for the reaction time prediction.

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2000

... is more effective than placement of the PM material in the tan-gential flux barriers. ... and... more ... is more effective than placement of the PM material in the tan-gential flux barriers. ... and IPMSMFB show that IPMSMFB has good potential for applications where high power density and wide ... A. Hamler, M. Trlep, and M. Jesenik, “Ac-curacy of iron loss calculation in electrical ...

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2000

ABSTRACT This paper presents the analytical analysis of magnetic field and back electromotive for... more ABSTRACT This paper presents the analytical analysis of magnetic field and back electromotive force (back EMF) calculation in an axial flux permanent magnet synchronous generator (AFPMSG) without stator core. For the verification, the numerical analysis [finite element method (FEM)] of magnetic field is accomplished and comparison between analytical and numerical solution of magnetic field is presented. Both analytical and numerical solutions are obtained via magnetic vector potential, respectively. This paper also presents the comparison between analytical solution and numerical (FEM) solution of back EMF using Faraday's law. The verifications show that good agreement between analytical and numerical solution of magnetic field and back EMF is obtained. The validity of the proposed analytical method is additionally confirmed with measurements of back EMF on prototype AFPMSG with coreless stator.

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2000

ABSTRACT The performance comparison of three- and single-phase line-start interior permanent magn... more ABSTRACT The performance comparison of three- and single-phase line-start interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (LSIPMSMs) and induction motors (IMs) with equal squirrel-cage design and symmetric four-pole stator windings is presented. The finite element method was employed in analysis of steady-state synchronous performance of LSIPMSMs. A magnetically linear lumped parameter model was employed in analysis of line-starting performance of LSIPMSMs, where the electrical and also the mechanical subsystems were considered. The procedure which was used for the LSIPMSM design was validated by comparison of calculation and measurement results. The performance of three- and single-phase LSIPMSMs and IMs with equal squirrel-cage design was directly compared and evaluated, thus emphasizing impacts of the permanent magnet breaking torque and reluctance breaking torque on the LSIPMSM performance in the asynchronous operation region.

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2000

This paper presents a torque analysis of an axial flux permanent magnet synchronous machine (AFPM... more This paper presents a torque analysis of an axial flux permanent magnet synchronous machine (AFPMSM) based on analytical analysis of magnetic field. The proposed method for torque analysis requires less computational time and is more flexible than finite element method (FEM). This is important advantage, especially for the early stages of the design process. Torque measurements on prototype AFPMSM confirm the validity of the torque analysis method.

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2000

ABSTRACT The paper presents a new rotary actuator design-the double rotor permanent magnet synchr... more ABSTRACT The paper presents a new rotary actuator design-the double rotor permanent magnet synchronous machine (DRPMSM), which is to be used in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) as a four-quadrant drive system. The focus in this paper is placed on the electromagnetic design, construction and the experimental validation of the proposed DRPMSM. In contrast to other, this work evaluates the radial-radial electric machine concept with one permanent magnet per pole on the outer rotor. Because of the newly proposed outer rotor design, special attention has been given to investigation of the most appropriate stator-slot/outer-rotor pole/inner-rotor-slot number combination. The DRPMSM performance with six different slot-pole-slot combinations was evaluated based on postprocessing of results from time-stepping finite element analyses (FEA). It was elaborated that the combination 36-8-36 was the most appropriate. It is distinguished by low harmonic distortion in the back electromotive force, high average torque with low ripple, and low iron loss as well. A machine prototype based on the 36-8-36 design has been manufactured and rigorously tested in generator and motor operation.

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2000

ABSTRACT This work presents an experimental method appropriate for determining magnetically nonli... more ABSTRACT This work presents an experimental method appropriate for determining magnetically nonlinear characteristics of electric machines which contain magnetically nonlinear and anisotropic iron core, damping windings, and permanent magnets. The method is based on the two-axis dynamic model of a three-phase machine with wye-connected three-phase stator winding. The d-axis is defined with the magnetic axis of permanent magnets (ldquoflux linkage vectorrdquo due to the permanent magnets), while the q-axis is displaced by electrical pi/2. The tested machine is supplied by a controlled voltage source inverter. Voltage in one axis is changed in the stepwise manner, while current in the orthogonal axis is closed loop controlled. The characteristic flux linkage versus current in the form of a hysteresis loop is determined numerically using the time behavior of measured applied voltage and responding current in the same axis. Unfortunately, the currents induced in the machine's damping windings or squirrel cage disturb the flux linkage characteristic determined in this way. Therefore, only the final points of each hysteresis loop, where the currents induced in the damping windings already died-out, can be used as correct points of the machine's magnetically nonlinear iron core characteristic. The proposed method is confirmed by the tests performed with a single three-phase stator and four different rotors: the reluctance rotor, the reluctance rotor with squirrel cage, the reluctance rotor with inserted permanent magnets, and the reluctance rotor with inserted permanent magnets and squirrel cage.

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2000

The line-starting performance and synchronization capability of a line-start interior permanent m... more The line-starting performance and synchronization capability of a line-start interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (LSIPMSM) has to be evaluated by considering different loads and different values of supply voltages, which requires the usage of a reliable dynamic model. In this work the parameters of a magnetically linear lumped parameter LSIPMSM dynamic model were determined by the differential evolution (DE). The optimization objective was the best possible agreement between the measured and by the model calculated time-behavior of model variables. Parameters determined by the DE are used in the LSIPMSM dynamic model, improving agreement between measured and calculated responses of currents and motor speed.

IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2000

IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2000

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2000

ABSTRACT This work deals with the differential-evolution (DE)-based method for simultaneous ident... more ABSTRACT This work deals with the differential-evolution (DE)-based method for simultaneous identification of the electric, magnetic, and mechanical subsystem parameters of a line-start interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (LSIPMSM). The parameters are determined in the optimization procedure using the dynamic model of the LSIPMSM; the time behavior of voltages, currents, and speed measured on the tested LSIPMSM; and the DE, which is applied as the optimization tool. During the optimization procedure, the DE changes the parameters of the LSIPMSM dynamic model in such a way that the differences between the measured and calculated time behaviors of individual state variables are minimized. This paper focuses on the objective function definition, the constraint settings for individual parameters, the normalization of parameters, and, above all, the test and measurement procedures performed on the LSIPMSM, which all together make it possible to determine the LSIPMSM dynamic model parameters valid for a broad range of operation, thus ensuring proper evaluation of the LSIPMSM's line-starting capability. Some of the LSIPMSM parameters that can be determined by finite-element analysis and experimental methods are compared to the values obtained by the DE, thus validating the DE-based approach.

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2000

The magnetically nonlinear behavior of electric alternating current rotating machines is characte... more The magnetically nonlinear behavior of electric alternating current rotating machines is characterized by current dependent magnetic flux linkage characteristics. In this work, the impacts of iron core saturation, iron core saliency, permanent magnets, and squirrel cage in the rotor design on the machines' behavior, and the respective flux linkage characteristics in forms of hysteresis loops is analyzed. The analysis is based on experimental data by utilizing a stator with two phase-windings that produce magnetomotive forces displaced by electrical 90 , enabling the direct evaluation of flux linkages by measurement of the windings' voltage and current on the machine terminals. Five rotors of different electromagnetic construction and manufactured from equal materials have been tested in combination with the aforementioned stator. Thus, induction machines, synchronous reluctance machines, permanent-magnet synchronous machines, and their hybrid types are incorporated in the analysis. The work provides a deeper insight into the magnetically nonlinear behavior of the aforementioned machines, which is not available in the current literature.

Digests of the 2010 14th Biennial IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation, 2010

The paper deals with the evaluation of line-start interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (LS... more The paper deals with the evaluation of line-start interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (LSIPMSM) model parameters using finite elements. A lumped parameter dynamic model with current-dependant variable parameters is used in LSIPMSM dynamic performance evaluation. By a dynamic model determined run-up responses under different supply and load conditions were confirmed experimentally in the case of four pole 1.1 kW LSIPMSM.

2006 12th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, 2006

Operation of adjustable-frequency drives is accompanied by generation of losses in the converter ... more Operation of adjustable-frequency drives is accompanied by generation of losses in the converter and motor. These losses depend on the modulation frequency and on the drive output power. The change of modulation frequency modifies converter losses and also motor losses, because of the modified motor current waveform. Thus, it modifies total drive losses. Variation of the drive output power also

International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, 2009

ABSTRACT The comparison of electromechanical characteristics of a 4-pole and a 6-pole induction m... more ABSTRACT The comparison of electromechanical characteristics of a 4-pole and a 6-pole induction motor with 36 stator slots in combination with 28, 33, 34, 44 and 46 rotor slots is presented. A comparative analysis is performed by evaluating: the iron losses at no-load, the shapes of torque-slip curves, the shapes of torque per unit current vs. slip curves, and the efficiencies and over-temperatures in thermal equilibrium at rated load. The paper evidently shows that motors which exhibited low values of iron losses at no-load also exhibited superior line-starting performance, high values of torque per unit stator current and superior efficiency at rated load. Moreover, the paper shows the feasibility of using the same stator and rotor slot combination for a mid-size 4-pole and 6-pole induction motor.

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2008

The electromechanical characteristics of induction motors depend on the used stator and rotor slo... more The electromechanical characteristics of induction motors depend on the used stator and rotor slot combination. The correlation between the usage of different stator and rotor slot number combinations, magnetic flux density distributions, no-load iron losses and rated load winding over-temperatures for a specific induction motor is presented. The motor's magnetic field was analyzed by traces of the magnetic flux density

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2008

ABSTRACT The paper proposes a new method for determining force characteristics of an electromagne... more ABSTRACT The paper proposes a new method for determining force characteristics of an electromagnetic brake (EMB) by using co-energy considering only the main flux linkage. The co-energy is calculated by integrating the flux linkages in terms of exciting currents. The flux linkage depends on exciting current and on the variable air-gap thickness. The characteristics of flux linkages are determined numerically using finite-element method (FEM). Using flux linkage characteristics, the current and air-gap thickness-dependent co-energy characteristics of the EMB can be determined in the entire range of operation. Considering the co-energy variation caused by the air-gap thickness variation, the attractive force characteristics can be obtained. The paper presents a detailed description of the proposed method for determination of force characteristics of an EMB using co-energy considering only the main flux linkage. The procedure for determining force characteristics of an EMB using co-energy considering only the main flux linkage of an EMB has not been described yet. The results presented in this paper are used as a part of the EMB magnetically nonlinear dynamic model for the reaction time prediction.

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2000

... is more effective than placement of the PM material in the tan-gential flux barriers. ... and... more ... is more effective than placement of the PM material in the tan-gential flux barriers. ... and IPMSMFB show that IPMSMFB has good potential for applications where high power density and wide ... A. Hamler, M. Trlep, and M. Jesenik, “Ac-curacy of iron loss calculation in electrical ...

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2000

ABSTRACT This paper presents the analytical analysis of magnetic field and back electromotive for... more ABSTRACT This paper presents the analytical analysis of magnetic field and back electromotive force (back EMF) calculation in an axial flux permanent magnet synchronous generator (AFPMSG) without stator core. For the verification, the numerical analysis [finite element method (FEM)] of magnetic field is accomplished and comparison between analytical and numerical solution of magnetic field is presented. Both analytical and numerical solutions are obtained via magnetic vector potential, respectively. This paper also presents the comparison between analytical solution and numerical (FEM) solution of back EMF using Faraday's law. The verifications show that good agreement between analytical and numerical solution of magnetic field and back EMF is obtained. The validity of the proposed analytical method is additionally confirmed with measurements of back EMF on prototype AFPMSG with coreless stator.

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2000

ABSTRACT The performance comparison of three- and single-phase line-start interior permanent magn... more ABSTRACT The performance comparison of three- and single-phase line-start interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (LSIPMSMs) and induction motors (IMs) with equal squirrel-cage design and symmetric four-pole stator windings is presented. The finite element method was employed in analysis of steady-state synchronous performance of LSIPMSMs. A magnetically linear lumped parameter model was employed in analysis of line-starting performance of LSIPMSMs, where the electrical and also the mechanical subsystems were considered. The procedure which was used for the LSIPMSM design was validated by comparison of calculation and measurement results. The performance of three- and single-phase LSIPMSMs and IMs with equal squirrel-cage design was directly compared and evaluated, thus emphasizing impacts of the permanent magnet breaking torque and reluctance breaking torque on the LSIPMSM performance in the asynchronous operation region.

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2000

This paper presents a torque analysis of an axial flux permanent magnet synchronous machine (AFPM... more This paper presents a torque analysis of an axial flux permanent magnet synchronous machine (AFPMSM) based on analytical analysis of magnetic field. The proposed method for torque analysis requires less computational time and is more flexible than finite element method (FEM). This is important advantage, especially for the early stages of the design process. Torque measurements on prototype AFPMSM confirm the validity of the torque analysis method.

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2000

ABSTRACT The paper presents a new rotary actuator design-the double rotor permanent magnet synchr... more ABSTRACT The paper presents a new rotary actuator design-the double rotor permanent magnet synchronous machine (DRPMSM), which is to be used in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) as a four-quadrant drive system. The focus in this paper is placed on the electromagnetic design, construction and the experimental validation of the proposed DRPMSM. In contrast to other, this work evaluates the radial-radial electric machine concept with one permanent magnet per pole on the outer rotor. Because of the newly proposed outer rotor design, special attention has been given to investigation of the most appropriate stator-slot/outer-rotor pole/inner-rotor-slot number combination. The DRPMSM performance with six different slot-pole-slot combinations was evaluated based on postprocessing of results from time-stepping finite element analyses (FEA). It was elaborated that the combination 36-8-36 was the most appropriate. It is distinguished by low harmonic distortion in the back electromotive force, high average torque with low ripple, and low iron loss as well. A machine prototype based on the 36-8-36 design has been manufactured and rigorously tested in generator and motor operation.

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2000

ABSTRACT This work presents an experimental method appropriate for determining magnetically nonli... more ABSTRACT This work presents an experimental method appropriate for determining magnetically nonlinear characteristics of electric machines which contain magnetically nonlinear and anisotropic iron core, damping windings, and permanent magnets. The method is based on the two-axis dynamic model of a three-phase machine with wye-connected three-phase stator winding. The d-axis is defined with the magnetic axis of permanent magnets (ldquoflux linkage vectorrdquo due to the permanent magnets), while the q-axis is displaced by electrical pi/2. The tested machine is supplied by a controlled voltage source inverter. Voltage in one axis is changed in the stepwise manner, while current in the orthogonal axis is closed loop controlled. The characteristic flux linkage versus current in the form of a hysteresis loop is determined numerically using the time behavior of measured applied voltage and responding current in the same axis. Unfortunately, the currents induced in the machine's damping windings or squirrel cage disturb the flux linkage characteristic determined in this way. Therefore, only the final points of each hysteresis loop, where the currents induced in the damping windings already died-out, can be used as correct points of the machine's magnetically nonlinear iron core characteristic. The proposed method is confirmed by the tests performed with a single three-phase stator and four different rotors: the reluctance rotor, the reluctance rotor with squirrel cage, the reluctance rotor with inserted permanent magnets, and the reluctance rotor with inserted permanent magnets and squirrel cage.

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2000

The line-starting performance and synchronization capability of a line-start interior permanent m... more The line-starting performance and synchronization capability of a line-start interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (LSIPMSM) has to be evaluated by considering different loads and different values of supply voltages, which requires the usage of a reliable dynamic model. In this work the parameters of a magnetically linear lumped parameter LSIPMSM dynamic model were determined by the differential evolution (DE). The optimization objective was the best possible agreement between the measured and by the model calculated time-behavior of model variables. Parameters determined by the DE are used in the LSIPMSM dynamic model, improving agreement between measured and calculated responses of currents and motor speed.

IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2000

IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2000

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2000

ABSTRACT This work deals with the differential-evolution (DE)-based method for simultaneous ident... more ABSTRACT This work deals with the differential-evolution (DE)-based method for simultaneous identification of the electric, magnetic, and mechanical subsystem parameters of a line-start interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (LSIPMSM). The parameters are determined in the optimization procedure using the dynamic model of the LSIPMSM; the time behavior of voltages, currents, and speed measured on the tested LSIPMSM; and the DE, which is applied as the optimization tool. During the optimization procedure, the DE changes the parameters of the LSIPMSM dynamic model in such a way that the differences between the measured and calculated time behaviors of individual state variables are minimized. This paper focuses on the objective function definition, the constraint settings for individual parameters, the normalization of parameters, and, above all, the test and measurement procedures performed on the LSIPMSM, which all together make it possible to determine the LSIPMSM dynamic model parameters valid for a broad range of operation, thus ensuring proper evaluation of the LSIPMSM's line-starting capability. Some of the LSIPMSM parameters that can be determined by finite-element analysis and experimental methods are compared to the values obtained by the DE, thus validating the DE-based approach.

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2000

The magnetically nonlinear behavior of electric alternating current rotating machines is characte... more The magnetically nonlinear behavior of electric alternating current rotating machines is characterized by current dependent magnetic flux linkage characteristics. In this work, the impacts of iron core saturation, iron core saliency, permanent magnets, and squirrel cage in the rotor design on the machines' behavior, and the respective flux linkage characteristics in forms of hysteresis loops is analyzed. The analysis is based on experimental data by utilizing a stator with two phase-windings that produce magnetomotive forces displaced by electrical 90 , enabling the direct evaluation of flux linkages by measurement of the windings' voltage and current on the machine terminals. Five rotors of different electromagnetic construction and manufactured from equal materials have been tested in combination with the aforementioned stator. Thus, induction machines, synchronous reluctance machines, permanent-magnet synchronous machines, and their hybrid types are incorporated in the analysis. The work provides a deeper insight into the magnetically nonlinear behavior of the aforementioned machines, which is not available in the current literature.