Toby Green (He - Him) (original) (raw)
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Papers by Toby Green (He - Him)
Praxishandbuch Open Access, 2017
Change to 100 % Open Access has been slow. Boselli and Galindo-Rueda found thatapproximately 50–5... more Change to 100 % Open Access has been slow. Boselli and Galindo-Rueda found thatapproximately 50–55 % of documents are openly available 3–4 years after publication(Boselli and Galindo-Rueda, 2016) although an industry report estimated that onlyabout a third of all research articles published today are Open Access once embargoperiods are completed (SIMBA 2016). For books, the adoption of Open Access hasbeen snail-like. Searching the Directory of Open Access Books1 shows that just 370new titles were added 2015. Considering that Springer2 alone publishes upwards of4,000 new books annually it is probably fair to say that less than 5 % of all new scholarlybooks published in 2016 will be freely accessible online.All stakeholders – yes, including publishers3 – agree that open access is a worthwhileobjective. Yet, despite willing stakeholders and a plethora of funder and institutionalmandates,4 the disappointing progress to 100 % Open Access suggests thatthe current models, like Green and Gold, cannot overcome what must be significantsystemic friction in the scholarly communication process. If Green, Gold and othermodels (like Knowledge Unlatched for books, see chapter 2e) are not delivering resultsfast enough, is there another open access model that could overcome the systemicfrictions more easily? Might this model be Freemium Open Access
Learned Publishing, 2019
• Dissemination should be the other 50% of what authors do: being read and having impact will not... more • Dissemination should be the other 50% of what authors do: being read and having impact will not happen by itself. • Authors can influence discovery and readership through owned mediai.e. their own communication activities. • Earned mediai.e. when influencers write about your workis key to reaching larger and more diverse audiences. • There is plenty of data for tracking engagement and use of articles, but it is scattered across multiple tools and providers and can be misleading or even incorrect. • Listservs can have higher engagement than modern, 'cool', social networking tools.
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2018
We're still failing to deliver open access (OA): around a fifth of new articles will be born fr... more We're still failing to deliver open access (OA): around a fifth of new articles will be born free in 2018, roughly the same as in 2017. Librarians, funders and negotiators are getting tougher with publishers but offsetting, 'Publish and Read', deals based on APCs won't deliver OA for all or solve the serials crisis. The authors of Budapest, Bethesda and Berlin OA declarations foresaw three changes with the coming of the internet. Flipping to a barrier to publish (APCs) from a barrier to read (subscriptions) wasn't one of them. By itself, OA won't reduce costs to solve the serials crisis: a digital transformation of scholarly communications based on internet-era principles is needed. Following the internet-era principle of 'fail-fast', what if papers are first posted as preprints and only if they succeed in gaining attention will editors invite submission to their journal? In clinging onto traditional journals to advance the careers of the few (authors), OA is delayed for the many (readers): rebuilding the reputation economy to accept preprints could be the catalyst to deliver OA, solve the serials crisis and drive out predatory journals. PREPRINT Green, T: We're still failing to deliver OA and solve the serials crisis: to succeed we need a digital transformation of scholarly communication using internet-era principles. 2 However, while the numbers that matter may not have improved over the past twelve months, the environment has changed.
Learned Publishing, 2019
Progress to open access (OA) has stalled, with perhaps 20% of new papers 'born-free', and half of... more Progress to open access (OA) has stalled, with perhaps 20% of new papers 'born-free', and half of all versions of record pay-walled; why? In this paper, I review the last 12 months: librarians showing muscle in negotiations, publishers' Read and Publish deals, and funders determined to force change with initiatives like Plan S. I conclude that these efforts will not work. For example, flipping to supply-side business models, such as article processing charges, simply flips the pay-wall to a 'play-wall' to the disadvantage of authors without financial support. I argue that the focus on OA makes us miss the bigger problem: today's scholarly communications is unaffordable with today's budgets. OA is not the problem, the publishing process is the problem. To solve it, I propose using the principles of digital transformation to reinvent publishing as a two-step process where articles are published first as preprints, and then, journal editors invite authors to submit only papers that 'succeed' to peer review. This would reduce costs significantly, opening a sustainable pathway for scholarly publishing and OA. The catalyst for this change is for the reputation economy to accept preprints as it does articles in minor journals today.
Learned Publishing, 2017
• Sci-Hub has made nearly all articles freely available using a black open access model, leaving ... more • Sci-Hub has made nearly all articles freely available using a black open access model, leaving green and gold models in its dust. • Why, after 20 years of effort, have green and gold open access not achieved more? Do we need 'tae think again'? • If human nature is to postpone change for as long as possible, are green and gold open access fundamentally flawed? • Open and closed publishing models depend on bundle pricing paid by one stakeholder, the others getting a free ride. Is unbundling a fairer model? • If publishers changed course and unbundled their product, would this open a legal, fairer route to 100% open access and see off the pirates?
Serials: The Journal for the Serials Community, 2002
Toby Green Can the monograph help solve the library 'serials' funding crisis?
The Grey Journal, 2006
OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) is a research-based Intergovernment... more OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) is a research-based Intergovernmental Organisation in the field of socio-economics. Its many published outputs include a number of Working Paper series - a format that is widely used by economists for informal or work-in-progress communication to their peers. In common with other economics institutions, OECD's Working Papers are freely available via the institution's website'. A few were also posted on Repec" (Research Papers in Economics), a volunteer-based collaborative website that provides a decentralized database of working papers from around the globe. However, there was a problem. OECD's website is very large and librarians were reporting a great deal of frustration among their users because they couldn't easily locate particular papers. Equally, the collection of OECD working papers on Repec was far from complete and links to the full text were often broken. In fact, the situation was so poor that at UKSG, a conference for the serials community held annually in the UK, a room full of 250 librarians laughed at a representative from OECD Publishing about the state of the problem. Stung by this criticism, OECD Publishing resolved to fix the problem: this is the story.
Necessity is the Mother of Invention, 2012
New Library World, 1993
It is becoming clear that traditional methods of scientific dissemination are under economic and ... more It is becoming clear that traditional methods of scientific dissemination are under economic and structural pressures, as the volume of scientific literature grows and much of it becomes less accessible to the practising researcher. Beyond the financial troubles in the West, there is also a pressing need to address the problems scientists in the developing world, and in former Soviet Bloc countries face in obtaining results of scientific research.
Learned Publishing, 2004
ABSTRACT The OECD's experience in transforming its stagnating book publishing business us... more ABSTRACT The OECD's experience in transforming its stagnating book publishing business using the e-book is described. OECD used e-books first as a pay-per-view system within an online bookshop (1998). It then rejected e-book aggregators and introduced an online library on a subscription basis (2001). OECD has moved from being a traditional print book publisher to being an online e-book publisher, supported by print where necessary. It is now developing an e-book account service inside its online bookshop and has the flexibility to publish a broader range of books to a wider audience than was previously possible.
Learned Publishing, 2009
The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necess... more The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official views of the OECD or of the governments of its member countries.
Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2010
Resolving individuals contributing trace amounts of DNA to highly complex mixtures using high-den... more Resolving individuals contributing trace amounts of DNA to highly complex mixtures using high-density SNP genotyping microarrays.
Praxishandbuch Open Access, 2017
Change to 100 % Open Access has been slow. Boselli and Galindo-Rueda found thatapproximately 50–5... more Change to 100 % Open Access has been slow. Boselli and Galindo-Rueda found thatapproximately 50–55 % of documents are openly available 3–4 years after publication(Boselli and Galindo-Rueda, 2016) although an industry report estimated that onlyabout a third of all research articles published today are Open Access once embargoperiods are completed (SIMBA 2016). For books, the adoption of Open Access hasbeen snail-like. Searching the Directory of Open Access Books1 shows that just 370new titles were added 2015. Considering that Springer2 alone publishes upwards of4,000 new books annually it is probably fair to say that less than 5 % of all new scholarlybooks published in 2016 will be freely accessible online.All stakeholders – yes, including publishers3 – agree that open access is a worthwhileobjective. Yet, despite willing stakeholders and a plethora of funder and institutionalmandates,4 the disappointing progress to 100 % Open Access suggests thatthe current models, like Green and Gold, cannot overcome what must be significantsystemic friction in the scholarly communication process. If Green, Gold and othermodels (like Knowledge Unlatched for books, see chapter 2e) are not delivering resultsfast enough, is there another open access model that could overcome the systemicfrictions more easily? Might this model be Freemium Open Access
Learned Publishing, 2019
• Dissemination should be the other 50% of what authors do: being read and having impact will not... more • Dissemination should be the other 50% of what authors do: being read and having impact will not happen by itself. • Authors can influence discovery and readership through owned mediai.e. their own communication activities. • Earned mediai.e. when influencers write about your workis key to reaching larger and more diverse audiences. • There is plenty of data for tracking engagement and use of articles, but it is scattered across multiple tools and providers and can be misleading or even incorrect. • Listservs can have higher engagement than modern, 'cool', social networking tools.
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2018
We're still failing to deliver open access (OA): around a fifth of new articles will be born fr... more We're still failing to deliver open access (OA): around a fifth of new articles will be born free in 2018, roughly the same as in 2017. Librarians, funders and negotiators are getting tougher with publishers but offsetting, 'Publish and Read', deals based on APCs won't deliver OA for all or solve the serials crisis. The authors of Budapest, Bethesda and Berlin OA declarations foresaw three changes with the coming of the internet. Flipping to a barrier to publish (APCs) from a barrier to read (subscriptions) wasn't one of them. By itself, OA won't reduce costs to solve the serials crisis: a digital transformation of scholarly communications based on internet-era principles is needed. Following the internet-era principle of 'fail-fast', what if papers are first posted as preprints and only if they succeed in gaining attention will editors invite submission to their journal? In clinging onto traditional journals to advance the careers of the few (authors), OA is delayed for the many (readers): rebuilding the reputation economy to accept preprints could be the catalyst to deliver OA, solve the serials crisis and drive out predatory journals. PREPRINT Green, T: We're still failing to deliver OA and solve the serials crisis: to succeed we need a digital transformation of scholarly communication using internet-era principles. 2 However, while the numbers that matter may not have improved over the past twelve months, the environment has changed.
Learned Publishing, 2019
Progress to open access (OA) has stalled, with perhaps 20% of new papers 'born-free', and half of... more Progress to open access (OA) has stalled, with perhaps 20% of new papers 'born-free', and half of all versions of record pay-walled; why? In this paper, I review the last 12 months: librarians showing muscle in negotiations, publishers' Read and Publish deals, and funders determined to force change with initiatives like Plan S. I conclude that these efforts will not work. For example, flipping to supply-side business models, such as article processing charges, simply flips the pay-wall to a 'play-wall' to the disadvantage of authors without financial support. I argue that the focus on OA makes us miss the bigger problem: today's scholarly communications is unaffordable with today's budgets. OA is not the problem, the publishing process is the problem. To solve it, I propose using the principles of digital transformation to reinvent publishing as a two-step process where articles are published first as preprints, and then, journal editors invite authors to submit only papers that 'succeed' to peer review. This would reduce costs significantly, opening a sustainable pathway for scholarly publishing and OA. The catalyst for this change is for the reputation economy to accept preprints as it does articles in minor journals today.
Learned Publishing, 2017
• Sci-Hub has made nearly all articles freely available using a black open access model, leaving ... more • Sci-Hub has made nearly all articles freely available using a black open access model, leaving green and gold models in its dust. • Why, after 20 years of effort, have green and gold open access not achieved more? Do we need 'tae think again'? • If human nature is to postpone change for as long as possible, are green and gold open access fundamentally flawed? • Open and closed publishing models depend on bundle pricing paid by one stakeholder, the others getting a free ride. Is unbundling a fairer model? • If publishers changed course and unbundled their product, would this open a legal, fairer route to 100% open access and see off the pirates?
Serials: The Journal for the Serials Community, 2002
Toby Green Can the monograph help solve the library 'serials' funding crisis?
The Grey Journal, 2006
OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) is a research-based Intergovernment... more OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) is a research-based Intergovernmental Organisation in the field of socio-economics. Its many published outputs include a number of Working Paper series - a format that is widely used by economists for informal or work-in-progress communication to their peers. In common with other economics institutions, OECD's Working Papers are freely available via the institution's website'. A few were also posted on Repec" (Research Papers in Economics), a volunteer-based collaborative website that provides a decentralized database of working papers from around the globe. However, there was a problem. OECD's website is very large and librarians were reporting a great deal of frustration among their users because they couldn't easily locate particular papers. Equally, the collection of OECD working papers on Repec was far from complete and links to the full text were often broken. In fact, the situation was so poor that at UKSG, a conference for the serials community held annually in the UK, a room full of 250 librarians laughed at a representative from OECD Publishing about the state of the problem. Stung by this criticism, OECD Publishing resolved to fix the problem: this is the story.
Necessity is the Mother of Invention, 2012
New Library World, 1993
It is becoming clear that traditional methods of scientific dissemination are under economic and ... more It is becoming clear that traditional methods of scientific dissemination are under economic and structural pressures, as the volume of scientific literature grows and much of it becomes less accessible to the practising researcher. Beyond the financial troubles in the West, there is also a pressing need to address the problems scientists in the developing world, and in former Soviet Bloc countries face in obtaining results of scientific research.
Learned Publishing, 2004
ABSTRACT The OECD's experience in transforming its stagnating book publishing business us... more ABSTRACT The OECD's experience in transforming its stagnating book publishing business using the e-book is described. OECD used e-books first as a pay-per-view system within an online bookshop (1998). It then rejected e-book aggregators and introduced an online library on a subscription basis (2001). OECD has moved from being a traditional print book publisher to being an online e-book publisher, supported by print where necessary. It is now developing an e-book account service inside its online bookshop and has the flexibility to publish a broader range of books to a wider audience than was previously possible.
Learned Publishing, 2009
The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necess... more The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official views of the OECD or of the governments of its member countries.
Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2010
Resolving individuals contributing trace amounts of DNA to highly complex mixtures using high-den... more Resolving individuals contributing trace amounts of DNA to highly complex mixtures using high-density SNP genotyping microarrays.